Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

01-12-2009 | Middelen

Farmacologische en toxicologische aspecten van gammahydroxyboterzuur (GHB)

Auteur: Dr. R. J. M. Niesink

Gepubliceerd in: Verslaving | Uitgave 4/2009

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Samenvatting

Wat betreft media aandacht voor drugs staat gammahydroxyboterzuur (GHB) met vlag en wimpel op nummer 1. In een onlangs door het RIVM gepubliceerd onderzoek waarin de risico’s van verschillende drugs met elkaar worden vergeleken, komt GHB echter niet naar voren als een bijzonder risicovolle drug (Van Amsterdam e.a., 2008). In vergelijking met cannabis, XTC en cocaïne is het aantal gebruikers klein. Is al die media-aandacht dan wel terecht? Een nadere beschouwing van de farmacologie en toxicologie van deze drug verschaft mogelijk opheldering.
Literatuur
go back to reference Amsterdam, J.G.C. van, Opperhuizen, A., Koeter, M.W.J., Aerts, L.A.G.J.M. van, & Brink, W. van den (2008). Ranking van drugs: een vergelijking van de schadelijkheid van drugs. Bilthoven: RIVM. Amsterdam, J.G.C. van, Opperhuizen, A., Koeter, M.W.J., Aerts, L.A.G.J.M. van, & Brink, W. van den (2008). Ranking van drugs: een vergelijking van de schadelijkheid van drugs. Bilthoven: RIVM.
go back to reference Beltman, W., Riel, A.J.P.H. van, Wijnands-Kleukers, A.P.G., Vriesman, M.F., Hengel-Koot, I.S. van den, Vries, I. de , e.a. (1999). Smartshops: Overzicht van producten, geclaimde werking en hun medisch-toxicologische relevantie. Bilthoven: RIVM. Beltman, W., Riel, A.J.P.H. van, Wijnands-Kleukers, A.P.G., Vriesman, M.F., Hengel-Koot, I.S. van den, Vries, I. de , e.a. (1999). Smartshops: Overzicht van producten, geclaimde werking en hun medisch-toxicologische relevantie. Bilthoven: RIVM.
go back to reference Crunelli, V., Emri, Z., & Leresche, N. (2006). Unravelling the brain targets of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 6, 44-52. Crunelli, V., Emri, Z., & Leresche, N. (2006). Unravelling the brain targets of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 6, 44-52.
go back to reference Cruz, H.G., Ivanova, T., Lunn, M.L., Stoffel, M., Slesinger, P.A., & Luscher, C. (2004). Bi-directional effects of GABA(B) receptor agonists on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 153-159. Cruz, H.G., Ivanova, T., Lunn, M.L., Stoffel, M., Slesinger, P.A., & Luscher, C. (2004). Bi-directional effects of GABA(B) receptor agonists on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 153-159.
go back to reference Drasbek, K.R., Christensen, J., & Jensen, K. (2006). Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: A drug of abuse. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 114, 145-156. Drasbek, K.R., Christensen, J., & Jensen, K. (2006). Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: A drug of abuse. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 114, 145-156.
go back to reference Factsheet GHB (2009). Drugs informatielijn en drugs en uitgaan. Utrecht: Trimbos-instituut. Factsheet GHB (2009). Drugs informatielijn en drugs en uitgaan. Utrecht: Trimbos-instituut.
go back to reference Galloway, G.P., Frederick, S.L., Staggers, F.E., Jr., Gonzales, M., Stalcup, S.A., & Smith, D.E. (1997). Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: An emerging drug of abuse that causes physical dependence. Addiction, 92, 89-96. Galloway, G.P., Frederick, S.L., Staggers, F.E., Jr., Gonzales, M., Stalcup, S.A., & Smith, D.E. (1997). Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: An emerging drug of abuse that causes physical dependence. Addiction, 92, 89-96.
go back to reference Gonzalez, A. & Nutt, D.J. (2005). Gamma hydroxy butyrate abuse and dependency. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 19, 195-204. Gonzalez, A. & Nutt, D.J. (2005). Gamma hydroxy butyrate abuse and dependency. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 19, 195-204.
go back to reference Korf, D., Nabben, T., & Benschop, A. (2006). Antenne 2005. Trends in alcohol, tabak en drugs bij jonge Amsterdammers. Amsterdam: Rosenberg. Korf, D., Nabben, T., & Benschop, A. (2006). Antenne 2005. Trends in alcohol, tabak en drugs bij jonge Amsterdammers. Amsterdam: Rosenberg.
go back to reference Korf, D.J., Nabben, T., Leenders, F., & Benschop, A. (2002). GHB: tussen extase en narcose. Amsterdam: Rozenberg. Korf, D.J., Nabben, T., Leenders, F., & Benschop, A. (2002). GHB: tussen extase en narcose. Amsterdam: Rozenberg.
go back to reference Laborit, H., Jouany, J.M., Gerard, J., & Fabiani, F. (1960). Generalities concerning the experimental study and clinical use of sodium gammahydroxybutyrate. Agressologie, 1, 397-406. Laborit, H., Jouany, J.M., Gerard, J., & Fabiani, F. (1960). Generalities concerning the experimental study and clinical use of sodium gammahydroxybutyrate. Agressologie, 1, 397-406.
go back to reference LeBeau, M.A., Montgomery, M.A., Morris-Kukoski, C., Schaff, J.E., Deakin, A., & Levine, B. (2006). A comprehensive study on the variations in urinary concentrations of endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 30, 98-105. LeBeau, M.A., Montgomery, M.A., Morris-Kukoski, C., Schaff, J.E., Deakin, A., & Levine, B. (2006). A comprehensive study on the variations in urinary concentrations of endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 30, 98-105.
go back to reference Lee, S.J., & Levounis, P. (2008). Gamma hydroxybutyrate: An ethnographic study of recreational use and abuse. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 40, 245-253. Lee, S.J., & Levounis, P. (2008). Gamma hydroxybutyrate: An ethnographic study of recreational use and abuse. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 40, 245-253.
go back to reference Mason, P.E. & Kerns, W.P. (2002). Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) intoxication. Academic Emergency Medicine, 9, 730-739. Mason, P.E. & Kerns, W.P. (2002). Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) intoxication. Academic Emergency Medicine, 9, 730-739.
go back to reference Meyer, J.S., & Quenzer, L.F. (2005). Inhalants, GHB, and anabolic-androgenic steroids. In J.S. Meyer & L.F. Quenzer (Eds.), Psychopharmacology: Drugs, the brain and behavior (pp. 347-364). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. Meyer, J.S., & Quenzer, L.F. (2005). Inhalants, GHB, and anabolic-androgenic steroids. In J.S. Meyer & L.F. Quenzer (Eds.), Psychopharmacology: Drugs, the brain and behavior (pp. 347-364). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
go back to reference Miotto, K., Darakjian, J., Basch, J., Murray, S., Zogg, J., & Rawson, R. (2001). Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: patterns of use, effects and withdrawal. American Journal of Addiction, 10, 232-241. Miotto, K., Darakjian, J., Basch, J., Murray, S., Zogg, J., & Rawson, R. (2001). Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: patterns of use, effects and withdrawal. American Journal of Addiction, 10, 232-241.
go back to reference Moser, M.S., & Purssell, R.A. (2000). Gamma-hydroxybutyrate overdose and coma: a case report. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2, 203-205. Moser, M.S., & Purssell, R.A. (2000). Gamma-hydroxybutyrate overdose and coma: a case report. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2, 203-205.
go back to reference Nabben, T., Koet, S., & Korf, D.J. (2007). Nl.TrendWatch. Gebruikersmarkt uitgaansdrugs in Nederland 2006-2007. Amsterdam: Rosenberg. Nabben, T., Koet, S., & Korf, D.J. (2007). Nl.TrendWatch. Gebruikersmarkt uitgaansdrugs in Nederland 2006-2007. Amsterdam: Rosenberg.
go back to reference Noorden, M.S. van, Dongen, L.C. van, Zitman, F.G., & Vergouwen, T.A. (2009). Gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome: dangerous but not well-known. General Hospital Psychiatry, 31, 394-396. Noorden, M.S. van, Dongen, L.C. van, Zitman, F.G., & Vergouwen, T.A. (2009). Gamma-hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome: dangerous but not well-known. General Hospital Psychiatry, 31, 394-396.
go back to reference Paepe, P. de, Sassenbroeck, D. van, Calle, P., & Buylaert, W. (2006). De klinisch-toxicologische aspecten van frequent gebruikte drugs. In J.J.L.M.Bierens, E.J.F. Franssen & J. Meulenbelt (Eds.), Pillen, poeders, planten, paddenstoelen en partydrugs (pp. 32-56). Maarssen: Elsevier Gezondheidszorg. Paepe, P. de, Sassenbroeck, D. van, Calle, P., & Buylaert, W. (2006). De klinisch-toxicologische aspecten van frequent gebruikte drugs. In J.J.L.M.Bierens, E.J.F. Franssen & J. Meulenbelt (Eds.), Pillen, poeders, planten, paddenstoelen en partydrugs (pp. 32-56). Maarssen: Elsevier Gezondheidszorg.
go back to reference Palatini, P., Tedeschi, L., Frison, G., Padrini, R., Zordan, R., Orlando, R., e.a. (1993). Dose-dependent absorption and elimination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in healthy volunteers. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 45, 353-356. Palatini, P., Tedeschi, L., Frison, G., Padrini, R., Zordan, R., Orlando, R., e.a. (1993). Dose-dependent absorption and elimination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in healthy volunteers. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 45, 353-356.
go back to reference Palmer, R.B. (2004). Gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol: Abused analogues of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Toxicology Review, 23, 21-31. Palmer, R.B. (2004). Gamma-butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol: Abused analogues of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Toxicology Review, 23, 21-31.
go back to reference Pardi, D., & Black, J. (2006). gamma-Hydroxybutyrate/sodium oxybate: neurobiology, and impact on sleep and wakefulness. CNS Drugs, 20, 993-1018. Pardi, D., & Black, J. (2006). gamma-Hydroxybutyrate/sodium oxybate: neurobiology, and impact on sleep and wakefulness. CNS Drugs, 20, 993-1018.
go back to reference Rij, C.M. van, Wilhelm, A.J., & Loenen, A.C. van (2004). Recognition and treatment of gamma hydroxybutyric acid poisoning. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 148, 844-846. Rij, C.M. van, Wilhelm, A.J., & Loenen, A.C. van (2004). Recognition and treatment of gamma hydroxybutyric acid poisoning. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 148, 844-846.
go back to reference Sassenbroeck, D.K. Van, De, N.N., De, P.P., Belpaire, F.M., Verstraete, A.G., Calle, P. A., e.a. (2007). Abrupt awakening phenomenon associated with gamma-hydroxybutyrate use: a case series. Clinical Toxicology (Phila), 45, 533-538. Sassenbroeck, D.K. Van, De, N.N., De, P.P., Belpaire, F.M., Verstraete, A.G., Calle, P. A., e.a. (2007). Abrupt awakening phenomenon associated with gamma-hydroxybutyrate use: a case series. Clinical Toxicology (Phila), 45, 533-538.
go back to reference Wong, C.G., Chan, K.F., Gibson, K.M., & Snead, O.C. (2004). Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: neurobiology and toxicology of a recreational drug. Toxicology Review, 23, 3-20. Wong, C.G., Chan, K.F., Gibson, K.M., & Snead, O.C. (2004). Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid: neurobiology and toxicology of a recreational drug. Toxicology Review, 23, 3-20.
go back to reference Wong, C.G., Gibson, K.M., & Snead, O. C., III (2004). From the street to the brain: neurobiology of the recreational drug gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Trends in Pharmacological Science, 25, 29-34. Wong, C.G., Gibson, K.M., & Snead, O. C., III (2004). From the street to the brain: neurobiology of the recreational drug gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Trends in Pharmacological Science, 25, 29-34.
go back to reference Yeatman, D.T. & Reid, K. (2003). A study of urinary endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) levels. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 27, 40-42. Yeatman, D.T. & Reid, K. (2003). A study of urinary endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) levels. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 27, 40-42.
Metagegevens
Titel
Farmacologische en toxicologische aspecten van gammahydroxyboterzuur (GHB)
Auteur
Dr. R. J. M. Niesink
Publicatiedatum
01-12-2009
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Verslaving / Uitgave 4/2009
Print ISSN: 1574-1842
Elektronisch ISSN: 1875-7073
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03081460

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2009

Verslaving 4/2009 Naar de uitgave

Verslaving digitaal

Resultaten Scoren 2.0!