Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

01-08-2009

Family caregiving and emotional strain: associations with quality of life in a large national sample of middle-aged and older adults

Auteurs: David L. Roth, Martinique Perkins, Virginia G. Wadley, Ella M. Temple, William E. Haley

Gepubliceerd in: Quality of Life Research | Uitgave 6/2009

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Purpose

This study examined the quality of life correlates of family caregiving and caregiving strain in a large national epidemiological sample.

Methods

Structured telephone interviews were conducted with 43,099 participants as part of the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Participants completed the 12-item short form health survey (SF-12) and brief measures of depressive symptoms, social contacts, and caregiving strain.

Results

Family caregiving responsibilities were reported by 12% of participants. Caregivers reported more quality of life problems than noncaregivers, but these effects were largely dependent on the perceived level of caregiving strain. High strain caregivers reported more problems with emotional distress, worse physical functioning, and fewer social contacts than noncaregivers. Conversely, caregivers who reported no strain from caregiving reported better quality of life than noncaregivers. Caregiving strain effects were not due to demographic differences or to more objective indicators of caregiving demand.

Conclusions

Psychological and social indices of quality of life indicate prevalent problems among family caregivers who have experienced high strain from their caregiving responsibilities. Public health programs for disabled individuals should include assessments of strain on family caregivers and support services for those who report high levels of caregiving strain.
Literatuur
3.
go back to reference Schulz, R., O’Brien, A., Bookervale, J., & Fleissner, K. (1995). Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of dementia caregiving: Prevalence, correlates and causes. The Gerontologist, 35, 771–776.PubMed Schulz, R., O’Brien, A., Bookervale, J., & Fleissner, K. (1995). Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of dementia caregiving: Prevalence, correlates and causes. The Gerontologist, 35, 771–776.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Brummett, B. H., Babyak, M. A., Siegler, I. C., Vitaliano, P. P., Ballard, E. L., Gwyther, L. P., et al. (2006). Associations among perceptions of social support, negative affect, and quality of sleep in caregivers and noncaregivers. Health Psychology, 25, 220–225. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.25.2.220.PubMedCrossRef Brummett, B. H., Babyak, M. A., Siegler, I. C., Vitaliano, P. P., Ballard, E. L., Gwyther, L. P., et al. (2006). Associations among perceptions of social support, negative affect, and quality of sleep in caregivers and noncaregivers. Health Psychology, 25, 220–225. doi:10.​1037/​0278-6133.​25.​2.​220.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Haley, W. E., West, C. A., Wadley, V. G., Ford, G. R., White, F. A., Barrett, J. J., et al. (1995). Psychological, social, and health impact of caregiving: A comparison of black and white dementia family caregivers and noncaregivers. Psychology and Aging, 10, 540–552. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.10.4.540.PubMedCrossRef Haley, W. E., West, C. A., Wadley, V. G., Ford, G. R., White, F. A., Barrett, J. J., et al. (1995). Psychological, social, and health impact of caregiving: A comparison of black and white dementia family caregivers and noncaregivers. Psychology and Aging, 10, 540–552. doi:10.​1037/​0882-7974.​10.​4.​540.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Mausbach, B. T., Patterson, T. L., & Grant, I. (2008). Is depression in Alzheimer’s caregivers really due to activity restriction? A preliminary mediational test of the activity restriction model. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 459–466. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.12.001.PubMedCrossRef Mausbach, B. T., Patterson, T. L., & Grant, I. (2008). Is depression in Alzheimer’s caregivers really due to activity restriction? A preliminary mediational test of the activity restriction model. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 459–466. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jbtep.​2007.​12.​001.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Neugaard, B., Andresen, E., McKune, S. L., & Jamoom, E. W. (2008). Health-related quality of life in a national sample of caregivers: Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 559–575. doi:10.1007/s10902-008-9089-2.CrossRef Neugaard, B., Andresen, E., McKune, S. L., & Jamoom, E. W. (2008). Health-related quality of life in a national sample of caregivers: Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 559–575. doi:10.​1007/​s10902-008-9089-2.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Pruchno, R. A., Brill, J. E., Shands, Y., Gordon, J. R., Genderson, M. W., Rose, M., et al. (2008). Convenience samples and caregiving research: How generalizable are the findings? The Gerontologist, 48, 820–827.PubMed Pruchno, R. A., Brill, J. E., Shands, Y., Gordon, J. R., Genderson, M. W., Rose, M., et al. (2008). Convenience samples and caregiving research: How generalizable are the findings? The Gerontologist, 48, 820–827.PubMed
9.
go back to reference McCann, J. J., Hebert, L. E., Bienias, J. L., Morris, M. C., & Evans, D. A. (2004). Predictors of beginning and ending caregiving during a 3-year period in a biracial community population of older adults. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1800–1806. doi:10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1800.PubMedCrossRef McCann, J. J., Hebert, L. E., Bienias, J. L., Morris, M. C., & Evans, D. A. (2004). Predictors of beginning and ending caregiving during a 3-year period in a biracial community population of older adults. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1800–1806. doi:10.​2105/​AJPH.​94.​10.​1800.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Foley, K. L., Tung, H. J., & Mutran, E. J. (2002). Self-gain and self-loss among African–American and White caregivers. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57, S14–S22.PubMed Foley, K. L., Tung, H. J., & Mutran, E. J. (2002). Self-gain and self-loss among African–American and White caregivers. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57, S14–S22.PubMed
11.
go back to reference Miller, B., & Lawton, M. (1997). Symposium: Positive aspects of caregiving. The Gerontologist, 37, 216–217. Miller, B., & Lawton, M. (1997). Symposium: Positive aspects of caregiving. The Gerontologist, 37, 216–217.
12.
go back to reference Brown, S. L., Smith, D. M., Schulz, R., Kabeto, M. U., Ubel, P. A., Poulin, M., Yee, J., Kim, C., & Langa, K. M. (2009). Caregiving behavior is associated with decreased mortality risk. Psychological Science (in press). Brown, S. L., Smith, D. M., Schulz, R., Kabeto, M. U., Ubel, P. A., Poulin, M., Yee, J., Kim, C., & Langa, K. M. (2009). Caregiving behavior is associated with decreased mortality risk. Psychological Science (in press).
13.
go back to reference Kovac, S. H., Mikuls, T. R., Mudano, A., & Saag, K. G. (2006). Health-related quality of life among self-reported arthritis sufferers: Effects of race/ethnicity and residence. Quality of Life Research, 15, 451–460. doi:10.1007/s11136-005-3213-0.PubMedCrossRef Kovac, S. H., Mikuls, T. R., Mudano, A., & Saag, K. G. (2006). Health-related quality of life among self-reported arthritis sufferers: Effects of race/ethnicity and residence. Quality of Life Research, 15, 451–460. doi:10.​1007/​s11136-005-3213-0.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Skarupski, K. A., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Bienias, J. L., Sherr, P. A., Zack, M. M., Moriarty, D. G., et al. (2007). Black–white differences in health-related quality of life among older adults. Quality of Life Research, 16, 287–296. doi:10.1007/s11136-006-9115-y.PubMedCrossRef Skarupski, K. A., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Bienias, J. L., Sherr, P. A., Zack, M. M., Moriarty, D. G., et al. (2007). Black–white differences in health-related quality of life among older adults. Quality of Life Research, 16, 287–296. doi:10.​1007/​s11136-006-9115-y.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Dilworth-Anderson, P., Williams, I. C., & Gibson, B. E. (2002). Issues of race, ethnicity, and culture in caregiving research: A 20-year review (1980–2000). The Gerontologist, 42, 237–272. doi:10.1159/000066488.PubMed Dilworth-Anderson, P., Williams, I. C., & Gibson, B. E. (2002). Issues of race, ethnicity, and culture in caregiving research: A 20-year review (1980–2000). The Gerontologist, 42, 237–272. doi:10.​1159/​000066488.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Roth, D. L., Ackerman, M. L., Okonkwo, O. C., & Burgio, L. D. (2008). The four factor model of depressive symptoms in dementia caregivers: A structural equation model of ethnic differences. Psychology and Aging, 23, 567–576. doi:10.1037/a0013287.PubMedCrossRef Roth, D. L., Ackerman, M. L., Okonkwo, O. C., & Burgio, L. D. (2008). The four factor model of depressive symptoms in dementia caregivers: A structural equation model of ethnic differences. Psychology and Aging, 23, 567–576. doi:10.​1037/​a0013287.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Roth, D. L., Haley, W. E., Owen, J. E., Clay, O. J., & Goode, K. T. (2001). Latent growth models of the longitudinal effects of dementia caregiving: A comparison of African American and White caregivers. Psychology and Aging, 16, 427–436. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.16.3.427.PubMedCrossRef Roth, D. L., Haley, W. E., Owen, J. E., Clay, O. J., & Goode, K. T. (2001). Latent growth models of the longitudinal effects of dementia caregiving: A comparison of African American and White caregivers. Psychology and Aging, 16, 427–436. doi:10.​1037/​0882-7974.​16.​3.​427.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2005). Ethnic differences in stressors, resources, and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: A meta-analysis. The Gerontologist, 45, 90–106.PubMed Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2005). Ethnic differences in stressors, resources, and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: A meta-analysis. The Gerontologist, 45, 90–106.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Roth, D. L., Burgio, L. D., Gitlin, L. N., Gallagher-Thompson, D., Coon, D. W., Belle, S. H., et al. (2003). Psychometric analysis of the revised memory and behavior problems checklist: Factor structure of occurrence and reaction ratings. Psychology and Aging, 18, 906–915. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.906.PubMedCrossRef Roth, D. L., Burgio, L. D., Gitlin, L. N., Gallagher-Thompson, D., Coon, D. W., Belle, S. H., et al. (2003). Psychometric analysis of the revised memory and behavior problems checklist: Factor structure of occurrence and reaction ratings. Psychology and Aging, 18, 906–915. doi:10.​1037/​0882-7974.​18.​4.​906.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Haley, W. E., Gitlin, L. N., Wiszniewski, S., Mahoney, D. F., Coon, D. W., Winter, L., et al. (2004). Well-being, appraisal, and coping in African–American and Caucasian dementia caregivers: Findings from the REACH study. Aging & Mental Health, 8, 316–329. doi:10.1080/13607860410001728998.CrossRef Haley, W. E., Gitlin, L. N., Wiszniewski, S., Mahoney, D. F., Coon, D. W., Winter, L., et al. (2004). Well-being, appraisal, and coping in African–American and Caucasian dementia caregivers: Findings from the REACH study. Aging & Mental Health, 8, 316–329. doi:10.​1080/​1360786041000172​8998.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Roff, L. L., Burgio, L. D., Gitlin, L., Nichols, L., Chaplin, W., & Hardin, J. M. (2004). Positive aspects of Alzheimer’s caregiving: The role of race. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59, 185–190. Roff, L. L., Burgio, L. D., Gitlin, L., Nichols, L., Chaplin, W., & Hardin, J. M. (2004). Positive aspects of Alzheimer’s caregiving: The role of race. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59, 185–190.
22.
go back to reference Roth, D. L., Haley, W. E., Wadley, V. G., Clay, O. J., & Howard, G. (2007). Race and gender differences in perceived caregiver availability for community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. The Gerontologist, 47, 721–729.PubMed Roth, D. L., Haley, W. E., Wadley, V. G., Clay, O. J., & Howard, G. (2007). Race and gender differences in perceived caregiver availability for community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. The Gerontologist, 47, 721–729.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Howard, G., Safford, M. M., Meschia, J. F., Moy, C., Howard, V. J., Pulley, L., et al. (2007). Stroke symptoms in individuals reporting no stroke or transient ischemic attack are associated with a decrease in indices of mental and physical functioning. Stroke, 38, 2446–2452. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.478032.PubMedCrossRef Howard, G., Safford, M. M., Meschia, J. F., Moy, C., Howard, V. J., Pulley, L., et al. (2007). Stroke symptoms in individuals reporting no stroke or transient ischemic attack are associated with a decrease in indices of mental and physical functioning. Stroke, 38, 2446–2452. doi:10.​1161/​STROKEAHA.​106.​478032.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Howard, V. J., Cushman, M., Pulley, L., Gomez, C. R., Go, R. C., Prineas, R. J., et al. (2005). The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study: Objectives and design. Neuroepidemiology, 25, 135–143. doi:10.1159/000086678.PubMedCrossRef Howard, V. J., Cushman, M., Pulley, L., Gomez, C. R., Go, R. C., Prineas, R. J., et al. (2005). The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study: Objectives and design. Neuroepidemiology, 25, 135–143. doi:10.​1159/​000086678.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Haley, W. E., LaMonde, L. A., Han, B., Burton, A. M., & Schonwetter, R. (2003). Predictors of depression and life satisfaction among spousal caregivers in hospice: Application of a stress process model. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 6, 215–224. doi:10.1089/109662103764978461.PubMedCrossRef Haley, W. E., LaMonde, L. A., Han, B., Burton, A. M., & Schonwetter, R. (2003). Predictors of depression and life satisfaction among spousal caregivers in hospice: Application of a stress process model. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 6, 215–224. doi:10.​1089/​1096621037649784​61.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Gitlin, L. N., Roth, D. L., Burgio, L. D., Loewenstein, D. A., Winter, L., Nichols, L., et al. (2005). Caregiver appraisals of functional dependence in individuals with dementia and associated caregiver upset: Psychometric properties of a new scale and response patterns by caregiver and care recipient characteristics. Journal of Aging and Health, 17, 148–171. doi:10.1177/0898264304274184.PubMedCrossRef Gitlin, L. N., Roth, D. L., Burgio, L. D., Loewenstein, D. A., Winter, L., Nichols, L., et al. (2005). Caregiver appraisals of functional dependence in individuals with dementia and associated caregiver upset: Psychometric properties of a new scale and response patterns by caregiver and care recipient characteristics. Journal of Aging and Health, 17, 148–171. doi:10.​1177/​0898264304274184​.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Schwarz, K., & Roberts, B. (2000). Social support and strain of family caregivers of older adults. Holistic Nursing Practice, 14, 77–90.PubMed Schwarz, K., & Roberts, B. (2000). Social support and strain of family caregivers of older adults. Holistic Nursing Practice, 14, 77–90.PubMed
33.
go back to reference National Alliance for Caregiving, the American Association of Retired Persons. (2004). Caregiving in the US. Washington, DC: NAC and AARP. National Alliance for Caregiving, the American Association of Retired Persons. (2004). Caregiving in the US. Washington, DC: NAC and AARP.
34.
go back to reference Connell, C. M., Shaw, B. A., Holmes, S. B., & Foster, N. L. (2001). Caregivers’ attitudes toward their family members’ participation in Alzheimer disease research: Implications for recruitment and retention. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 15, 137–145. doi:10.1097/00002093-200107000-00005.PubMedCrossRef Connell, C. M., Shaw, B. A., Holmes, S. B., & Foster, N. L. (2001). Caregivers’ attitudes toward their family members’ participation in Alzheimer disease research: Implications for recruitment and retention. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 15, 137–145. doi:10.​1097/​00002093-200107000-00005.PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Hebert, R. S., Koenig, H. G., Arnold, R. M., & Schulz, R. (2006). Caregiver intervention research: An opportunity for collaboration between caregiving investigators and African American faith communities. Journal of the National Medical Association, 98, 1510–1514.PubMed Hebert, R. S., Koenig, H. G., Arnold, R. M., & Schulz, R. (2006). Caregiver intervention research: An opportunity for collaboration between caregiving investigators and African American faith communities. Journal of the National Medical Association, 98, 1510–1514.PubMed
37.
go back to reference Sörensen, S., Pinquart, M., & Duberstein, P. (2002). How effective are interventions with caregivers? An updated meta-analysis. The Gerontologist, 42, 356–372.PubMed Sörensen, S., Pinquart, M., & Duberstein, P. (2002). How effective are interventions with caregivers? An updated meta-analysis. The Gerontologist, 42, 356–372.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Zarit, S. H., Stephens, M. A., Townsend, A., & Greene, R. (1998). Stress reduction for family caregivers: Effects of day care use. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 53B, S267–S277. Zarit, S. H., Stephens, M. A., Townsend, A., & Greene, R. (1998). Stress reduction for family caregivers: Effects of day care use. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 53B, S267–S277.
39.
go back to reference Roth, D. L., Mittelman, M. S., Clay, O. J., Madan, A., & Haley, W. E. (2005). Changes in social support as mediators of the impact of a psychosocial intervention for spouse caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease. Psychology and Aging, 20, 634–644. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.634.PubMedCrossRef Roth, D. L., Mittelman, M. S., Clay, O. J., Madan, A., & Haley, W. E. (2005). Changes in social support as mediators of the impact of a psychosocial intervention for spouse caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease. Psychology and Aging, 20, 634–644. doi:10.​1037/​0882-7974.​20.​4.​634.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Family caregiving and emotional strain: associations with quality of life in a large national sample of middle-aged and older adults
Auteurs
David L. Roth
Martinique Perkins
Virginia G. Wadley
Ella M. Temple
William E. Haley
Publicatiedatum
01-08-2009
Uitgeverij
Springer Netherlands
Gepubliceerd in
Quality of Life Research / Uitgave 6/2009
Print ISSN: 0962-9343
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2649
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9482-2