Skip to main content
Mijn bibliotheek
Shop
Nieuws Boeken Tijdschriften Toetsvragen Web-tv Video Audio
Tips voor Mijn BSL
Inloggen
Top
Child Psychiatry & Human Development
Gepubliceerd in:

07-10-2014 | Original Article

Factor Structure of the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in a Community Sample of Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents

Auteurs: Siu Mui Chan, Chi Hung Leung

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 5/2015

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail
    Link delen
publish
Publiceer nu

Abstract

The current study tested the factor structure of the 41-item SCARED in assessing anxiety in a sample of Hong Kong adolescents. Data were collected from 5,226 youths (54.5 % boys) aged 12–18. Results showed that the scale and the five subscales had high internal consistency. However, confirmatory factor analyses showed that the original five-factor model did not fit the data collected in this sample. Instead, the results revealed a seven-factor model consisting of one second-order factor of anxiety and seven first-order factors: the four original factors of General Anxiety, Panic/Somatic Syndromes, Social Anxiety, and School Phobia and three new factors representing different aspects of Separation Anxiety. Group invariance in the Boys and Girls models was found. It is recommended that the three new factors (Fear of Loneliness, Separation Fear, Worry about Harm) be further developed by adding new items so as to enhance the content and construct validities of the SCARED when used with Hong Kong adolescents.
vorige artikel Mother-Reported and Children’s Perceived Social and Academic Competence in Clinic-Referred Youth: Unique Relations to Depression and/or Social Anxiety and the Role of Self-perceptions
volgende artikel Physical Child Abuse and Teacher Harassment and Their Effects on Mental Health Problems Amongst Adolescent Bully–Victims in Taiwan
Literatuur
1.
World Health Organization (2003) Caring for children and adolescents with mental disorders: setting WHO directions. World Health Organization, Geneva
2.
Maldonado L, Huang Y, Chen R, Kasen S, Cohen P, Chen H (2013) Impact of early adolescent anxiety disorders on self-esteem development from adolescence to young adulthood. J Adolesc Health 53:287–292PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
3.
Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Farvolden P (2003) The impact of anxiety disorders on educational achievement. J Anxiety Disord 17:561–571CrossRefPubMed
4.
Bittner A, Egger HL, Erkanli A, Costello J, Foley DL, Angold A (2007) What do childhood anxiety disorders predict? J Child Psychol Psychiatr 48:1174–1183CrossRef
5.
Pine DS, Cohen P, Gurley D, Brook J, Ma Y (1998) The risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatr 55:56–64CrossRefPubMed
6.
Essau CA, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Munoz LC (2013) Psychometric properties of the Screen For Child Anxiety Emotion-Related Disorders (SCARED) in Cypriot children and adolescents. Eur J Psychol Assess 29:19–27CrossRef
7.
Green H, McGinnity A, Meltzer H, Ford T, Goodman R (2005) Mental health of children and young people in Great Britain, 2004. UK National Statistics, UKCrossRef
8.
Merikangas KR, He JP, Burstein M, Swanson SA, Avenevoli S, Cui L et al (2010) Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 49:980–989CrossRef
9.
Lee S, Tsang A, Chui H, Kwok K, Cheung E (2007) A community epidemiological survey of generalized anxiety disorder in Hong Kong. Community Ment Health J 43:305–319CrossRefPubMed
10.
Lee S, Tsang A, Kwok K (2005) A community-based telephone survey of panic disorder in Hong Kong. Depress Anxiety 22:77–83CrossRefPubMed
11.
Kessler RC, Berglund PD, Olga J, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatr 62:593–602CrossRefPubMed
12.
Lewinsohn PM, Gotlib IH, Lewinsohn M, Seeley JR, Allen NB (1998) Gender differences in anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol 107:109–117CrossRefPubMed
13.
Woodward LJ, Fergusson DM (2001) Life course outcomes of young people with anxiety disorders in adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 40:1083–1093CrossRef
14.
Angold A, Farmer EM, Fairbank JA, Burns BJ, Keeler G (2002) Psychiatric disorders, impairment and service use in rural African American and white youth. Arch Gen Psychiatr 59:893–901CrossRefPubMed
15.
Fruzzetti AE, Shenk C, Hoffman PD (2005) Family interaction and the development of borderline personality disorder: a transactional model. Dev Psychopathol 17:1007–1030CrossRefPubMed
16.
17.
Reynolds CR, Richmond BO (1978) What I think and feel: a revised measure of children’s manifest anxiety. J Abnorm Child Psychol 6:271–280CrossRefPubMed
18.
March JS, Parker JD, Sullivan K, Stallings P, Conners CK (1997) The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): factor structure, reliability, and validity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 36:554–565CrossRef
19.
Birmaher B, Khetarpal S, Brent D, Cully M, Balach L, Kaufman J et al (1997) The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): scale construction and psychometric characteristics. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 36:545–553CrossRef
20.
Myers K, Winters NC (2002) Ten-year review of rating scales. II. Scales for internalizing disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41:634–659CrossRefPubMed
21.
Birmaher B, Brent DA, Chiappetta L, Bridge J, Monga S, Baugher M (1999) Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): a replication study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 38:1230–1236CrossRef
22.
American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association, Washington
23.
Hale WW 3rd, Crocetti E, Raaijmakers QA, Meeus WH (2011) A meta-analysis of the cross-cultural psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). J Child Psychol Psychiatr 52:80–90CrossRef
24.
Essau CA, Muris P, Ederer EM (2002) Reliability and validity of the Spence children’s anxiety scale and the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders in German children. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatr 33:1–18CrossRef
25.
Muris P, Schmidt H, Engelbrecht P, Perold M (2002) DSM-IV defined anxiety disorder symptoms in South African children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 41:1360–1368CrossRef
26.
Crocetti E, Klimstra T, Keijsers L, Hale WW 3rd, Meeus W (2009) Anxiety trajectories and identity development in adolescence: a 5-wave longitudinal study. J Youth Adolesc 38:839–849CrossRefPubMed
27.
Isolan L, Salum GA, Osowski AT, Amaro E, Manfro GG (2011) Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Emotion Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in Brazilian children and adolescents. J Anxiety Disord 25:741–748CrossRefPubMed
28.
Dehghani F, Amiri S, Molavi H, Neshat-Doost HT (2013) Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the screen for child anxiety-related emotional disorders (SCARED). J Anxiety Disord 27:469–474CrossRefPubMed
29.
Su L, Wang K, Fan F, Su Y, Gao X (2008) Reliability and validity of the screen for child anxiety-related emotional disorders (SCARED) in Chinese children. J Anxiety Disord 22:612–621CrossRefPubMed
30.
Hariz N, Bawab S, Atwi M, Tavitian L, Zeinoun P, Khani M et al (2013) Reliability and validity of the Arabic Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in a clinical sample. Psychiatr Resh 209:222–228CrossRef
31.
Bilgic A, Turkoglu S, Ozcan O, Tufan AE, Yilmaz S, Yuksel T (2013) Relationship between anxiety, anxiety sensitivity and conduct disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr 22:523–532CrossRef
32.
Marques T, Pereira AI, Barros L, Muris P (2013) Cognitive vulnerability profiles of highly anxious and nonanxious children. Child Psychiatr Hum Dev 44:777–785CrossRef
33.
Boyd RC, Ginsburg GS, Lambert SF, Cooley MR, Campbell KD (2003) Screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): psychometric properties in an African American Parochial high school sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 42:1188–1196CrossRef
34.
Wren FJ, Berg EA, Heiden LA, Kinnamon CJ, Ohlson LA, Bridge JA et al (2007) Childhood anxiety in a diverse primary care population: parent-child reports, ethnicity and SCARED factor structure. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 46:332–340CrossRef
35.
Tseng WS, Lin TY, Yeh EK (1995) Chinese societies and mental health. In: Lin TY, Tseng WS, Yek EK (eds) Chinese societies and mental health. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 3–18
36.
Leung CH (2014) A validation study of Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale (PIPPS) among low-income. Early Child Dev Care 184:118–137CrossRef
37.
Chao R (1994) Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Dev 65:111–1119CrossRef
38.
Chao R (1995) Chinese and Eruopean-American cultural models of the self reflected in mothers’ child-rearing beliefs. Ethos 23:328–354CrossRef
39.
Chen F, Luster T (2002) Factors related to parenting practices in Taiwan. Early Child Dev Care 172:413–430CrossRef
40.
Chan SM, Bowes J, Wyver S (2009) Chinese parenting in Hong Kong: links among goals, beliefs and styles. Early Child Dev Care 179:849–862CrossRef
41.
Leung CH (2005) Modeling of parenting style, attribution, achievement motivation, and learning approaches among junior high school students. J Basic Educ 14:23–48
42.
Barber BK (1996) Parental psychological control: revisiting a neglected construct. Child Dev 67:3296–3319CrossRefPubMed
43.
Ho DYF (1986) Chinese patterns of socialization: A critical review. In: Bond MH (ed) The psychology of Chinese people. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 1–37
44.
Chan SM (2011) Mothers’ construal of self and emotion socialisation goals. Early Child Dev Care 181:613–624
45.
Chan SM, Bowes J, Wyver S (2009) Parenting style as a context for emotion socialization. Early Educ Dev 20:631–656CrossRef
46.
Hale WW 3rd, Raaijmakers Q, Muris P, Meeus W (2005) Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in the general adolescent population. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 44:283–290CrossRef
47.
48.
Joreskog KG, Sorborm D (1989) LISREL 7: User’s reference guide, 1st edn. Scientific Software, Mooreville, IN
49.
Browne MW, Cudeck R (1993) Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen KA, Long JS (eds) Testing structural equation models. Sage, Newbury Park, pp 136–162
50.
Canals J, Hernández-Martínez C, Cosi S, Domènech E (2012) Examination of a cutoff score for the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in a non-clinical Spanish population. J Anxiety Disord 26:785–791CrossRefPubMed
51.
Chan SM, Chan SK, Kwok WW (2014) Ruminative and catastrophizing cognitive styles mediate the association between daily hassles and high anxiety in Hong Kong adolescents. Child Psychiatr Hum Dev. doi:10.​1007/​s10578-014-0451-9
52.
Costello AB, Osborne JW (2005) Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. PARE 10:1–9
53.
Leech NL, Barrett KC, Morgan GA (2008) SPSS for intermediate statistics: use and interpretation, 3rd edn. Erlbaum Associates, NY
54.
Byrne BM (2004) Testing for multigroup invariance using AMOS graphics: a road less traveled. Struct Equ Model 11:272–300CrossRef
55.
Hu L, Bentler P (1998) Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychol Methods 3:424–453CrossRef
56.
Kline RB (2011) Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 3rd edn. Guildford Press, NY
57.
Chu KHL (2008) A factorial validation of work value structure: second-order confirmatory factor analysis and its implications. Tour Manag 29:320–330CrossRef
58.
Gustafsson JE, Balke G (1993) General and specific abilities as predictors of school achievement. Multivar Behav Res 28:407–434CrossRef
59.
Rindskopf D, Rose T (1988) Some theory and applications of confirmatory second-order factor analysis. Multivar Behav Res 23:51–67CrossRef
60.
Cheung GW, Rensvold RB (2002) Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model 9:233–255CrossRef
61.
Essau CA, Leung PW, Conradt J, Cheng H, Wong T (2008) Anxiety symptoms in Chinese and German adolescents: their relationship with early learning experiences, perfectionism, and learning motivation. Depress Anxiety 25:801–810CrossRefPubMed
62.
Wong JG, Cheung EP, Chan KK, Ma KK, Tang SW (2006) Web-based survey of depression, anxiety and stress in first-year tertiary education students in Hong Kong. Aust N Z J Psychiatr 40:777–782CrossRef
63.
Lee S, Lee MT, Kwok K (2005) A community-based telephone survey of social anxiety disorder in Hong Kong. J Affect Disord 88:183–186CrossRefPubMed
64.
Xu Y, Farver JAM, Yu L, Zhang Z (2009) Three types of shyness in Chinese children and the relation to effortful control. J Pers Soc Psychol 97:1061–1073CrossRefPubMed
65.
Ogliari A, Citterio A, Zanoni A, Fagnani C, Patriarca V, Cirrincione R et al (2008) Genetric and environmental influences on anxiety dimensions in Italian twins evaluated with the SCARED questionnaire. J Anxiety Disord 20:760–777CrossRef
66.
Cheung FM (1982) Psychological symptoms among Chinese in urban Hong Kong. Soc Sci Med 16:1339–1344CrossRefPubMed
67.
Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2001) Using multivariate statistics, 3rd edn. Harper Collins, NY
68.
Worthington RL, Whittaker TA (2006) Scale development research: a content analysis and recommendations for best practices. Counsel Psychol 34:806–838CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Factor Structure of the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in a Community Sample of Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents
Auteurs
Siu Mui Chan
Chi Hung Leung
Publicatiedatum
07-10-2014
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0509-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2015

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 5/2015 Naar de uitgave

Original Article

Mother-Reported and Children’s Perceived Social and Academic Competence in Clinic-Referred Youth: Unique Relations to Depression and/or Social Anxiety and the Role of Self-perceptions

Erratum

Erratum to: What are the Parenting Experiences of Fathers? The Use of Household Survey Data to Inform Decisions About the Delivery of Evidence-Based Parenting Interventions to Fathers

Substantive/Theoretical Review

A Review of the Direct and Interactive Effects of Life Stressors and Dispositional Traits on Youth Psychopathology

Original Article

The Role of Narcissistic Vulnerability in Predicting Adult Posttraumatic Symptoms from Childhood Sexual Abuse

Original Article

Mother–Child Interaction and Early Language Skills in Children Born to Mothers with Substance Abuse and Psychiatric Problems

Original Article

Conduct Problems in Childhood and Adolescence: Developmental Trajectories, Predictors and Outcomes in a Six-Year Follow Up