Top

Gepubliceerd in:

Open Access 15-05-2020 | ORIGINAL PAPER

External Mindfulness

Auteur: Bhikkhu Anālayo

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 7/2020

Abstract

Descriptions of the formal cultivation of mindfulness in the Satipaṭṭhāna-sutta and its parallels highlight that such practice has “internal” and “external” dimensions. Later traditions reflect a variety of viewpoints on the implications of these dimensions of establishing mindfulness. Perhaps due to the resultant uncertainty, contemporary research on the potential applicability and benefits of mindfulness has so far predominantly focused on the internal aspects. An examination of the Satipaṭṭhāna-sutta and its parallels from the historical viewpoint of their gradual evolution can help to clarify that the chief concern of such external cultivation is directing mindfulness to others.

vorige artikel Loving-Kindness Meditation Promotes Mental Health in University Students

volgende artikel Caregiver Burden and Depression Among Chinese Family Caregivers: the Role of Self-compassion

Ames, D. R., & Johar, G. V. (2009). I’ll know what you’re like when I see how you feel. Psychological Science, 20, 586–593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02330.x.CrossRefPubMed

Anālayo, Bh. (2003a). Nimitta. In W.G. Weeraratne (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, 7(1), (pp. 177–179). Kandy: Department of Buddhist Affairs.

Anālayo, Bh. (2003b). Satipaṭṭhāna, the direct path to realization. Cambridge: Windhorse.

Anālayo, Bh. (2008). The verses on an auspicious night, explained by Mahākaccāna: a study and translation of the Chinese version. Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies, 4, 5–27.

Anālayo, Bh. (2012). A gradual entry into emptiness, depicted in the early Buddhist discourses. Thai International Journal of Buddhist Studies, 3, 25–56.

Anālayo, Bh. (2013). Perspectives on satipaṭṭhāna. Cambridge: Windhorse Publications.

Anālayo, Bh. (2014). The dawn of Abhidharma. Hamburg: Hamburg University Press.

Anālayo, Bh. (2017a). Early Buddhist meditation studies. Barre, MA: Barre Center for Buddhist Studies.

Anālayo, Bh. (2017b). The ‘school affiliation’ of the Madhyama-āgama. In B. Dhammadinnā (Ed.), Research on the Madhyama-āgama (pp. 55–76). Taipei: Dharma Drum Publishing Corporation.

Anālayo, Bh. (2019a). Meditation on the breath: mindfulness and focused attention. Mindfulness, 10(8), 1684–1691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01169-9.

Anālayo, Bh. (2019b). Mindfulness of breathing: a practice guide and translations. Cambridge: Windhorse Publications.

Anālayo, Bh. (2019c). The role of mindfulness in the cultivation of absorption. Mindfulness, 10(11), 2341–2351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01206-7.

Anālayo, Bh. (2020a). Buddhist antecedents to the body scan meditation. Mindfulness, 11(1), 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01259-8.

Anālayo, Bh. (2020b). Mindfulness in early Buddhism, characteristics and functions. Cambridge: Windhorse Publications.

Blanco, I., Roca, P., Duque, A., Pascual, T., & Vazquez, C. (2019). The effects of a 1-month meditation retreat on selective attention towards emotional faces: an eye-tracking study. Mindfulness, 11(1), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01247-y.CrossRef

Bronkhorst, J. (1985). Dharma and Abhidharma. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 48, 305–320.CrossRef

Cox, C. (1995). Disputed dharmas, early Buddhist theories on existence, an annotated translation of the section on factors dissociated from thought from Saṅghabhadra’s Nyāyānusāra. Tokyo: International Institute for Buddhist Studies.

Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray.CrossRef

de Melo, C. M., Carnevale, P. J., Read, S. J., & Gratch, J. (2014). Reading people’s minds from emotion expressions in interdependent decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034251.CrossRefPubMed

Ditrich, T. (2016). Interpretations of the terms ajjhattaṃ and bahiddhā, from the Pali Nikāyas to the Abhidhamma. In B. Dessein & W. Teng (Eds.), Text, history, and philosophy, Abhidharma across Buddhist scholastic traditions (pp. 108–145). Leiden: Brill.

Dutt, N. (1934). The Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā, edited with critical notes and introduction. London: Luzac & Co..

Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed: recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication and emotional life. New York: Times Books.

Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 203–235. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.203.CrossRefPubMed

Gethin, R. (1992). The Buddhist path to awakening, a study of the bodhi-pakkhiyā dhammā. Leiden: Brill.

Gleichgerrcht, E., & Decety, J. (2014). The relationship between different facets of empathy, pain perception and compassion fatigue among physicians. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8(243), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00243.CrossRef

Gnoli, R. (1978). The Gilgit manuscript of the Saṅghabhedavastu, being the 17th and last section of the Vinaya of the Mūlasarvāstivādin. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente.

Goenka, S. N. (1999). Discourses on Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta. Igatpuri: Dhammagiri.

Hareli, S., & Hess, U. (2010). What emotional reactions can tell us about the nature of others: an appraisal perspective on person perception. Cognition and Emotion, 24(1), 128–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802613828.

Jackson, P. L., Meltzoff, A. N., & Decety, J. (2005). How do we perceive the pain of others? A window into the neural processes involved in empathy. NeuroImage, 24(3), 771–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.006.CrossRefPubMed

Juslin, P. N., & Laukka, P. (2003). Communication of emotions in vocal expression and music performance: different channels, same code? Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 770–814. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.770.CrossRefPubMed

Kornfield, J. (1977/1993). Living Buddhist masters. Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society.

Lamm, C., Decety, J., & Singer, T. (2011). Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. NeuroImage, 54, 2492–2502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.014.CrossRefPubMed

Lamotte, É. (1970). Le traité de la grande vertu de sagesse de Nāgārjuna, tome III. Louvain-la-Neuve: Institut Orientaliste.

Levine, E. E., Barasch, A., Rand, D. G., Berman, J. Z., & Small, D. A. (2018). Signaling emotion and reason in cooperation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(5), 702–719. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000399.CrossRef

Liu Z. (2010). Dhyānāni tapaś ca, 禅定与苦修. Shanghai: 古籍出版社.

Mann, R., & Youd, R. (1992). Buddhist character analysis. Aukana: Bradford on Avon.

McMahan, D. L. (2008). The making of Buddhist modernism. New York: Oxford University Press.

Meeren, H. K., van Heijnsbergen, C. C. R. J., & de Gelder, B. (2005). Rapid perceptual integration of facial expression and emotional body language. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(45), 16518–16523. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507650102.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Meisig, K. (1987). Das Śrāmaṇyaphala-sūtra, Synoptische Übersetzung und Glossar der chinesischen Fassungen verglichen mit dem Sanskrit und Pāli. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.

Pavlov, S. V., Korenyok, V. V., Reva, N. V., Tumyalis, A. V., Loktev, K. V., & Aftanas, L. I. (2015). Effects of long-term meditation practice on attentional biases towards emotional faces: an eye-tracking study. Cognition and Emotion, 29(5), 807–815. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.945903.CrossRefPubMed

Scherer, K. R., & Grandjean, D. (2008). Facial expressions allow inference of both emotions and their components. Cognition and Emotion, 22(5), 789–801. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930701516791.

Schmithausen, L. (2012). Achtsamkeit ‘innen’, ‘außen’ und ‘innen wie außen.’ In M. Zimmerman, C. Spitz, and S. Schmidt (ed.), Achtsamkeit, Ein buddhistisches Konzept erobert die Wissenschaft, mit einem Beitrag S.H. des Dalai Lama (pp. 291–303). Bern: Hans Huber Verlag.

Sevinc, G., & Lazar, S. W. (2019). How does mindfulness training improve moral cognition: a theoretical and experimental framework for the study of embodied ethics. Current Opinion in Psychology, Special Issue on Mindfulness, 28, 268–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.02.006.CrossRef

Shukla, K. (1973). Śrāvakabhūmi of Ācārya Asaṅga. Patna: K.P. Jayaswal Research Institute.

Simon-Thomas, E. R., Keltner, D. J., Sauter, D., Sinicropi-Yao, L., & Abramson, A. (2009). The voice conveys specific emotions: evidence from vocal burst displays. Emotion, 9(6), 838–846. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017810.CrossRefPubMed

Wehrle, T., Kaiser, S., Schmidt, S., & Scherer, K. R. (2000). Studying the dynamics of emotional expression using synthesized facial muscle movements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.78.1.105.CrossRefPubMed

Zacchetti, S. (2003). The rediscovery of three early Buddhist scriptures on meditation, a preliminary analysis of the Fo shuo shi’er men jing, the Fo shuo jie shi’er men jing, translated by An Shigao and their commentary preserved in the newly found Kongō-ji manuscript. Annual report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University, 6, 251–299.

Titel: External Mindfulness
Auteur: Bhikkhu Anālayo
Publicatiedatum: 15-05-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 7/2020
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01377-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2020

Links among Mothers’ Dispositional Mindfulness, Stress, Perspective-Taking, and Mother-Child Interactions

ORIGINAL PAPER

Mindfulness and Early Maladaptive Schemas Among Men in Treatment for Substance Use Disorder

ORIGINAL PAPER

A Systematic Review of Studies on the Use of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Older People

REVIEW

Exploring Cancer Patients’ Experiences of an Online Mindfulness-Based Program: A Qualitative Investigation

Open Access
ORIGINAL PAPER

Correction to: The Myth of McMindfulness

Open Access
Correction

Politics Not as Usual in the Twenty-First Century

ORTHOGONAL ROTATION IN CONSCIOUSNESS