Top

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

01-08-2015

Extended Visual Glances Away from the Roadway are Associated with ADHD- and Texting-Related Driving Performance Deficits in Adolescents

Auteurs: Kathleen M. Kingery, Megan Narad, Annie A. Garner, Tanya N. Antonini, Leanne Tamm, Jeffery N. Epstein

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 6/2015

Abstract

The purpose of the research study was to determine whether ADHD- and texting-related driving impairments are mediated by extended visual glances away from the roadway. Sixty-one adolescents (ADHD =28, non-ADHD =33; 62 % male; 11 % minority) aged 16–17 with a valid driver’s license were videotaped while engaging in a driving simulation that included a No Distraction, Hands-Free Phone Conversation, and Texting condition. Two indicators of visual inattention were coded: 1) percentage of time with eyes diverted from the roadway; and 2) number of extended (greater than 2 s) visual glances away from the roadway. Adolescents with ADHD displayed significantly more visual inattention to the roadway on both visual inattention measures. Increased lane position variability among adolescents with ADHD compared to those without ADHD during the Hands-Free Phone Conversation and Texting conditions was mediated by an increased number of extended glances away from the roadway. Similarly, texting resulted in decreased visual attention to the roadway. Finally, increased lane position variability during texting was also mediated by the number of extended glances away from the roadway. Both ADHD and texting impair visual attention to the roadway and the consequence of this visual inattention is increased lane position variability. Visual inattention is implicated as a possible mechanism for ADHD- and texting-related deficits and suggests that driving interventions designed to address ADHD- or texting-related deficits in adolescents need to focus on decreasing extended glances away from the roadway.

vorige artikel Young Adolescents’ Body Dysmorphic Symptoms: Associations with Same- and Cross-Sex Peer Teasing via Appearance-based Rejection Sensitivity

volgende artikel The Predictive Utility of Early Childhood Disruptive Behaviors for School-Age Social Functioning

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Atchley, P., Atwood, S., & Boulton, A. (2011). The choice to text and drive in younger drivers: behavior may shape attitude. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 43(1), 134–142. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.08.003S0001-4575(10)00209-5.PubMedCrossRef

Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavorial inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65–94.PubMedCrossRef

Barkley, R. A., Guevremont, D. C., Anastopoulos, A. D., DuPaul, G. J., & Shelton, T. L. (1993). Driving-related risks and outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents and young adults: a 3- to 5-year follow-up survey. Pediatrics, 92(2), 212–218.PubMed

Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., DuPaul, G. I., & Bush, T. (2002). Driving in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: knowledge, performance, adverse outcomes, and the role of executive functioning. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8(5), 655–672.PubMedCrossRef

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.PubMedCrossRef

Beanlanda, V., Fitzharris, M., Young, K. L., & Lenne, M. G. (2013). Driver inattention and driver distraction in serious casualty crashes: data from the Australian national crash in-depth study. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 54, 99–107. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.043S0001-4575(13)00047-X.CrossRef

Braitman, K. A., & McCartt, A. T. (2010). National reported patterns of driver cell phone use in the United States. Traffic Injury Prevention, 11(6), 543–548.PubMedCrossRef

Brookhuis, K. A., DeVries, G., & DeWaard, D. (1991). The effects of mobile telephoning on driving performance. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 23(4), 309–316.CrossRef

Caird, J. K., Johnston, K. A., Willness, C. R., Asbridge, M., & Steel, P. (2014). A meta-analysis of the effects of texting on driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 71, 311–318.PubMedCrossRef

Carter, C., & Laya, O. (1998). Drivers’ visual search in a field situation and in a driving simulator. In A. G. Gale, I. D. Brown, C. M. Haslegrove, & S. P. Taylor (Eds.), Vision in vehicles VII (pp. 21–31). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Chan, E., Pradhan, A. K., Knodler, M. A., Pollatsek, A., & Fisher, D. L. (2008). Empirical evaluation oon a driving simulator of the effect of distractions inside and outside the vehicle on drivers’ eye behaviors. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 87th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.

Chan, E., Pradhan, A. K., Pollatsek, A., Knodler, M. A., & Fisher, D. L. (2010). Are driving simulators effective tools for evaluating novice drivers’ hazard anticipation, speed management, and attention maintenance skills? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 13(5), 343–353. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2010.04.001.PubMedCentralCrossRef

Charlton, S. G. (2009). Driving while conversing: cell phones that distract and passengers who react. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 41(1), 160–173. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2008.10.006S0001-4575(08)00202-9.PubMedCrossRef

Conners, C. K. (2008). Conners 3rd edition: Manual. Multi-Health Systems.

Cooper, J. M., Medeiros-Ward, N., & Strayer, D. L. (2013). The impact of eye movements and cognitive workload on lateral position variability in driving. Human Factors, 55(5), 1001–1014. doi:10.1177/0018720813480177.PubMedCrossRef

Dingus, T. A., Klauer, S. G., Neale, V. L., Petersen, A., Lee, S. E., Sudweeks, J. D., Knipling, R. R. (2006). The 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study, Phase II - Results of the 100-Car Field Experiment: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Donmez, B., Boyle, L. N., & Lee, J. D. (2006). The impact of distraction mitigation strategies on driving performance. Human Factors, 48(4), 785–804.PubMedCrossRef

Donmez, B., Boyle, L. N., & Lee, J. D. (2007). Safety implications of providing real-time feedback to distracted drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 39(3), 581–590. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2006.10.003.PubMedCrossRef

Donmez, B., Boyle, L. N., & Lee, J. D. (2008). Mitigating driver distraction with retrospective and concurrent feedback. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 40(2), 776–786. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.023S0001-4575(07)00169-8.PubMedCrossRef

Dressel, J., & Atchley, P. (2008). Cellular phone use while driving: a methodological checklist for investigating dual-task costs. Transportation Research Part F, 11, 347–400.CrossRef

Engstrom, J., Johansson, E., & Ostlund, J. (2005). Effects of visual and cognitive load in real and simulated motorway driving. Transportation Research Part F, 8, 97–120. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.012.CrossRef

Epstein, J. N., Langberg, J. M., Rosen, P. J., Graham, A., Narad, M. E., Antonini, T. N., & Altaye, M. (2011). Evidence for higher reaction time variability for children with ADHD on a range of cognitive tasks including reward and event rate manipulations. Neuropsychology, 25, 427–441.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Garner, A. A., Gentry, A., Welburn, S. C., Franklin, C. A., Fine, P. R., & Stavrinos, D. (2014). Symptom dimensions of disruptive behavior disorders in adolescent drivers. Journal of Attention Disorders, 18(6), 496–503.PubMedCrossRef

Green, P. (1999). Where do drivers look while driving (and for how long)? In R. E. Dewar & P. L. Olson (Eds.), Human factors in traffic safety (pp. 77–110). Tucson: Lawyers and Judges Publishing.

Harbluk, J. L., Noy, Y. I., Trbovich, P. L., & Eizenman, M. (2007). An on-road assessment of cognitive distraction: impacts of drivers’ visual behavior and braking performance. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39(2), 372–379. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2006.08.013.CrossRef

Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408–420. doi:10.1080/03637750903310360.CrossRef

Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: a versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling, from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf.

Horrey, W. J., & Wickens, C. D. (2006). Examining the impact of cell phone conversations on driving using meta-analytic techniques. Human Factors, 48(1), 196–205.PubMedCrossRef

Hosking, S. G., Young, K. L., & Regan, M. A. (2009). The effects of text messaging on young drivers. Human Factors, 51(4), 582–592.PubMedCrossRef

Hughes, P. K., & Cole, B. L. (1988). The effect of attentional demand in eye movement behaviour when driving. Paper presented at the Vision in Vehicles II. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Vision in Vehicles, Nottingham, U.K

Jerome, L., Segal, A., & Habinski, L. (2006). What We know about ADHD and driving risk: a literature. Journal of Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15(3), 105–125.

Judd, C. M., Kenny, D. A., & McClelland, G. H. (2001). Estimating and testing mediation and moderation in within-subject designs. Psychological Methods, 6(2), 115–134.PubMedCrossRef

Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., & Ryan, N. (1997). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 980–988.CrossRef

Klauer, S. G., Dingus, T. A., Neale, V. L., Sudeweeks, J. D., & Ramsey, D. (2006). The impact of driver inattention on near-crash/crash risk: An analyses using the 100-car naturalistic driving study data. (Report No. DOT HS 810594). Retrieved from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration website: http://www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSA/NRD/Multimedia/PDFs/Crash%20Avoidance/Driver%20Distraction/810594.pdf.

Knouse, L. E., Bagwell, C. L., Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2005). Accuracy of self-evaluation in adults with ADHD: evidence from a driving study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 8, 221–234.PubMedCrossRef

Lee, H. C. (2003). The validity of a driving simulator to measure on-road driving performance of older drivers. Transport Engineering in Australia, 8(2), 89–100.

Lee, J. D. (2007). Technology and teen drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2), 203–213.PubMedCrossRef

Lee, Y. C., Lee, J. D., & Boyle, L. N. (2007). Visual attention in driving: the effects of cognitive load and visual disruption. Human Factors, 49(4), 721–733.PubMedCrossRef

Matthews, G., Sparkes, T. J., & Bygrave, H. M. (1996). Attentional overload, stress, and simulated driving performance. Human Performance, 9(1), 77–101.CrossRef

Narad, M. E., Garner, A. A., Brassell, A. A., Saxby, D., Antonini, T. N., O’Brien, K. M., & Epstein, J. N. (2013). Impact of distraction on the driving performance of adolescents with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Pediatrics, 167(10), 933–938. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.322.

Neale, V. L., Dingus, T. A., Klauer, S. G., Sudweeks, J., & Goodman, M. (2005). An overview of the 100-car naturalistic study and findings. (Report No. 05-0400). Retrieved from National Highway Traffic Safety Administration website: http://www.nhtsa.gov/search?q=an+overview+of+the+100-car+naturalistic+study+and+findings&x=22&y=3.

Neyens, D. M., & Boyle, L. N. (2008). The influence of driver distraction on the severity of injuries sustained by teenage drivers and their passengers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 40(1), 254–259. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2007.06.005S0001-4575(07)00102-9.PubMedCrossRef

Nunes, L., & Recarte, M. A. (2002). Cognitive demands of hands-free-phone conversation while driving. Transportation Research Part F, 5, 133–144.CrossRef

Olsen, E. C. B., Lerner, N., Perel, M., & Simons-Morton, B. G. (2005). In-car electronic device use among teen drivers. Paper presented at the Transportation Research Board Meeting, Washington, D.C.

Olson, R. L., Hanowski, R. J., Hickman, J. S., & Bocanegra, J. (2009). Driver distraction in commercial vehicle operation. (Report No. FMCSA-RRR-09-042). Retrieved from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Website: http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/facts-research/research-technology/report/FMCSA-RRR-09-042.pdf.

Pradhan, A., Masserang, K. M., Divekar, G., Reagan, I., Thomas, F. D., Blomberg, R., Fisher, D. (2009). Attention maintenance in novice drivers: Assessment and training. Proceedings of the Fifth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design, 349–355.

Pradhan, A. K., Divekar, G., Masserang, K., Romoser, M., Zafian, T., Blomberg, R. D., & Fisher, D. L. (2011). The effects of focused attention training on the duration of novice drivers’ glances inside the vehicle. Ergonomics, 54(10), 917–931. doi:10.1080/00140139.2011.607245.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Recarte, M. A., & Nunes, L. M. (2003). Mental workload while driving: effects on visual search, discrimination, and decision making. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 9(2), 119–137.PubMed

Regan, M. A., Hallett, C., & Gordon, C. P. (2011). Driver distraction and driver inattention: definition, relationship and taxonomy. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43, 1771–1781.CrossRef

Reimer, B., D’Ambrosio, L. A., Coughlin, J. F., Fried, R., & Biederman, J. (2007). Task-induced fatigue and collisions in adult drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Traffic Injury Prevention, 8(3), 290–299. doi:10.1080/15389580701257842.PubMedCrossRef

Reimer, B., Mehler, B., D’Ambrosio, L. A., & Fried, R. (2010). The impact of distractions on young adult drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(3), 842–851. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.06.021S0001-4575(09)00154-7.PubMedCrossRef

Reimer, B., Mehler, B., Wang, Y., & Coughlin, J. F. (2012). A field study on the impact of variations in short term memory demands on drivers’ visual attention and driving performance across three age groups. Human Factors, 54, 454–468.PubMedCrossRef

Shinar, D., Tractinsky, N., & Compton, R. (2005). Effects of practice, age, and task demands, on interference from a phone task while driving. [Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t Research Support, U.S. Gov’t, Non-P.H.S.]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37(2), 315–326. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2004.09.007.PubMedCrossRef

Smith, D. L., Chang, J., Glassco, R., Foley, J., & Cohen, D. (2005). Methodology for capturing driver eye glance behavior during in-vehicle secondary task. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1937, 61–65.CrossRef

Smith, M. R. H., Witt, G. J., Bakowski, D. L., LeBlanc, D., & Lee, J. D. (2009). Adapting collision warning to real-time estimates of driver distraction. In M. A. Regan, J. D. Lee, & K. L. Young (Eds.), Driver distraction: Theory, effects, and mitigation. West Sussex: Wiley.

Stock, G. (1987). The book of questions. New York: Workman Publishing Company.

Strayer, D. L., Drews, F. A., & Johnston, W. A. (2003). Cell phone-induced failures of visual attention during simulated driving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 9(1), 23–32.PubMed

Stutts, J. C., Reinfurt, D. W., Staplin, L., & Rodgman, E. A. (2001). The role of driver distraction in traffic crashes. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. Washington, D.C.

Sussman, E. D., Bishop, H., Madnick, B., & Walter, R. (1985). Driver inattention and highway safety. Transportation Research Record, 1047, 40–48.

Thompson, A. L., Molina, B. S., Pelham, W., Jr., & Gnagy, E. M. (2007). Risky driving in adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32(7), 745–759. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsm002.PubMedCrossRef

Toplak, M. E., Dockstader, C., & Tannock, R. (2006). Temporal information processing in ADHD: findings to date and new methods. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 151(1), 15–29.PubMedCrossRef

Vaa, T. (2014). ADHD and relative risk of accidents in road traffic: a meta-analysis. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 62, 415–425.PubMedCrossRef

Verwey, W. B., & Zaidel, D. M. (2000). Predicting drowsiness accidents from personal attributes, eye blinks and ongoing driving behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 123–142.CrossRef

Victor, T. W., Harbluk, J. L., & Engstrom, J. A. (2005). Sensitivity of eye-movement measures to in-vehicle task difficulty. Transportion Research Part F: Psychology and, Behaviour, 8(2), 167–190. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.014.CrossRef

Wang, J. S., Knipling, R. R., & Goodman, M. J. (1996). The role of driver inattention in crashes: New statistics from the 1995 crashworthiness data system. Paper presented at the 40th Annual Proccedings for the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Weafer, J., Camarillo, D., Fillmore, M. T., Milich, R., Marczinski, C. A., Weafer, J., & Marczinski, C. A. (2008). Simulated driving performance of adults with ADHD: comparisons with alcohol intoxication. [Comparative Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 16(3), 251–263.CrossRef

Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.

Wikman, A., Nieminen, T., & Summala, H. (1998). Driving experience and time-sharing during in-car tasks on roads of different width. Ergonomics, 41, 358–372.CrossRef

Wilson, M., Chattington, M., & Marple-Horvat, D. E. (2008). Eye movements drive steering: reduced eye movement distribution impairs steering and driving performance. Journal of Motor Behaviour, 40, 190–202.CrossRef

Young, K., & Regan, M. (2007). Driver distraction: A review of the literature. In I. J. Faulks, M. Regan, M. Stevenson, J. Brown, A. Porter, & J. D. Irwin (Eds.), Distracted driving (pp. 379–405). Sydney: Australasian College of Road Safety.

Titel: Extended Visual Glances Away from the Roadway are Associated with ADHD- and Texting-Related Driving Performance Deficits in Adolescents
Auteurs: Kathleen M. Kingery
Megan Narad
Annie A. Garner
Tanya N. Antonini
Leanne Tamm
Jeffery N. Epstein
Publicatiedatum: 01-08-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 6/2015
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9954-x

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2015

Peer Victimization and Anxiety in Genetically Vulnerable Youth: The Protective Roles of Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Anti-Bullying Classroom Rules

Anxiety and Attentional Bias in Preschool-Aged Children: An Eyetracking Study

Children’s Appraisals and Involvement in Interparental Conflict: Do They Contribute Independently to Child Adjustment?

Peer Experiences in Short-Term Residential Treatment: Individual and Group-Moderated Prediction of Behavioral Responses to Peers and Adults

Understanding Early Contextual and Parental Risk Factors for the Development of Limited Prosocial Emotions

Attention Biases Towards and Away from Threat Mark the Relation between Early Dysregulated Fear and the Later Emergence of Social Withdrawal