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Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 3/2011

01-04-2011

Expression of Anger in Depressed Adolescents: The Role of the Family Environment

Auteurs: Jennifer Jackson, Peter Kuppens, Lisa B. Sheeber, Nicholas B. Allen

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 3/2011

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Abstract

The expression of anger is considered to be abnormal in depression, yet its role is only poorly understood. In the present study we sought to clarify this role by examining the moderating influence of the family environment on overall levels of anger expression and anger reactivity in depressed and non-depressed adolescents during conflictual interactions with their parents. One hundred and forty one depressed and non-depressed adolescent participants engaged in a problem-solving task with their parents during which their behavioral expression of anger and heart rate were recorded. The results demonstrate that general levels of parental anger in the family environment (as indicated by the overall level of expressed anger by the parents during the interactions) strongly moderates how depressed differ from non-depressed adolescents in terms of their anger, heart rate and reactivity. Overall, the findings suggest that in depressed adolescents anger is much less adaptively attuned to the environment, consistent with models that predict dysfunction in the regulation of anger that prevents depressed individuals responding adaptively to their social environment.
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1
It should be noted that in the full analysis reported in Table 1, the effect of depression on average levels of adolescent anger became only marginally significant in contrast to the previously reported preliminary random-intercept model. Follow-up analyses revealed that this change in significance was not due to the inclusion of parental anger and the interaction term in predicting the intercept. Random intercept analyses which included depression, anger in the family environment, and their interaction, showed that all three variables significantly contributed to the intercept (Depression: B = 0.461, SE = 0.204, p = 0.025; parental anger: B = 0.14.97, SE = 2.332, p = 0.000; interaction: B =−7.385, SE = 2.845, p = 0.011), demonstrating that the effect of depression on average adolescent anger was not mediated by these other factors. Instead, the change in significance was a result of the inclusion of the level 1 group-mean centered predictor variables (autocorrelation and cross-correlations) and their level 2 moderators (Snijders and Bosker 1999). It can therefore be safely concluded that depressed adolescents indeed displayed more anger on average compared to non-depressed adolescents in the present study, despite the lack of significance of depression reported in Table 1.
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Expression of Anger in Depressed Adolescents: The Role of the Family Environment
Auteurs
Jennifer Jackson
Peter Kuppens
Lisa B. Sheeber
Nicholas B. Allen
Publicatiedatum
01-04-2011
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 3/2011
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9473-3

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