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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

27-01-2023

Executive Network Activation Moderates the Association between Neighborhood Threats and Externalizing Behavior in Youth

Auteurs: May I. Conley, Kristina M. Rapuano, Callie Benson-Williams, Monica D. Rosenberg, Richard Watts, Cassandra Bell, BJ Casey, Arielle Baskin-Sommers

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 6/2023

Abstract

Neighborhood threats can increase risk for externalizing problems, including aggressive, oppositional, and delinquent behavior. Yet, there is substantial variability in how youth respond to neighborhood threats. Difficulty with cognitive functioning, particularly in the face of emotional information, may increase risk for externalizing in youth who live in neighborhoods with higher threats. However, little research has examined: 1) associations between neighborhood threats and executive networks involved in cognitive functioning or 2) whether executive networks may amplify risk for externalizing in the context of neighborhood threats. Further, most research on neighborhood threats does not account for youth’s experiences in other social contexts. Utilizing the large, sociodemographically diverse cohort of youth (ages 9–10) included in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development^SM Study, we identified four latent profiles of youth based on threats in their neighborhoods, families, and schools: low threat in all contexts, elevated family threat, elevated neighborhood threat, and elevated threat in all contexts. The elevated neighborhood threat and elevated all threat profiles showed lower behavioral performance on an emotional n-back task relative to low threat and elevated family threat profiles. Lower behavioral performance in the elevated neighborhood threat profile specifically was paralleled by lower executive network activity during a cognitive challenge. Moreover, among youth with lower executive network activity, higher probability of membership in the elevated neighborhood threat profile was associated with higher externalizing. Together, these results provide evidence that interactions between threats that are concentrated in youth’s neighborhoods and attenuated executive network function may contribute to risk for externalizing problems.

vorige artikel Relations Between Executive Functioning and Internalizing Symptoms Vary as a Function of Frontoparietal-amygdala Resting State Connectivity

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Although adjusting for other demographic covariates (i.e., household income, caregiver education) is common within the broader literature, there is controversy about the causal structure of relationships between these variables and our independent variables. Therefore, given that misspecifying covariates can produce biased and/or inaccurate estimates (Wysocki et al., 2022), we omitted household income and caregiver education from our primary analyses. We provide further details and supplemental results from models including these variables as covariates in the Supplement.

Some ABCD Study sites have more than one MRI scanner. Following recommendations for imaging analyses with ABCD Study data (Hagler et al., 2019), scanner serial number was included as a random intercept to account for between-scanner variance.

Supplemental analyses were conducted to evaluate whether the behavioral analyses described above replicated in mixed-effect models utilizing the probability of membership in each profile as independent variables.

Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the impact of head motion as a covariate.

Behavioral results were consistent in analyses with the probability of membership in each profile as independent variables. Probability of membership in the Elevated Neighborhood and Elevated All profiles was significantly associated with lower overall, 0-back, and 2-back performance. Conversely, probability of membership in the Low Threat profile was significantly associated with higher overall, 0-back, and 2-back performance. The probability of membership in the Elevated Family profile was not significantly associated with EN-back performance.

Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that associations between the threat profiles and EN-back performance remained when adjusting for fluid intelligence measured with WISC-V matrix reasoning.

Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that associations between probability of membership in the Elevated Neighborhood and Low Threat profiles and executive network activation remained when adjusting for fluid intelligence measured with WISC-V matrix reasoning (Supplemental Fig. 2).

Only the interaction between cognitive processing-related fMRI activity and the Elevated Neighborhood profile was significant in an additional ROI-based moderation analysis using profile membership as an independent variable.

Analyses demonstrated that cognitive processing-related fMRI activity did not moderate the association between probability of membership in the Elevated Neighborhood profile and internalizing [(SE) = -0.21 (0.20), p = 0.30].

Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that mean activity across ROIs moderated the relationship between probability of membership in the Elevated Neighborhood profile and externalizing with the inclusion of fluid intelligence (WISC-V matrix reasoning) as a covariate [B(SE) = -0.40 (0.19), β = -0.04, p = 0.03] and with the exclusion of head motion as a covariate [B(SE) = -0.43 (0.19), β = -0.04, p = 0.02].

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Titel: Executive Network Activation Moderates the Association between Neighborhood Threats and Externalizing Behavior in Youth
Auteurs: May I. Conley
Kristina M. Rapuano
Callie Benson-Williams
Monica D. Rosenberg
Richard Watts
Cassandra Bell
BJ Casey
Arielle Baskin-Sommers
Publicatiedatum: 27-01-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 6/2023
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-01003-2

Trajectories of Psychopathic Traits, Anxiety, and Violence Exposure Differentially Predict Antisociality in Legal System-Involved Youth

Relations Between Executive Functioning and Internalizing Symptoms Vary as a Function of Frontoparietal-amygdala Resting State Connectivity

Adherence, Competence, and Alliance as Predictors of Long-term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders

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Explaining the Female Preponderance in Adolescent Depression—A Four-Wave Cohort Study

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Executive Network Activation Moderates the Association between Neighborhood Threats and Externalizing Behavior in Youth

Abstract

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Trajectories of Psychopathic Traits, Anxiety, and Violence Exposure Differentially Predict Antisociality in Legal System-Involved Youth

Relations Between Executive Functioning and Internalizing Symptoms Vary as a Function of Frontoparietal-amygdala Resting State Connectivity

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A Developmental Pathway from Early Inhibitory Control to Social Connectedness

Co-occurring Stress Trajectories and the Longitudinal Coupling of Internalizing Symptoms in Parent-Adolescent Dyads

Trajectories of Psychopathic Traits, Anxiety, and Violence Exposure Differentially Predict Antisociality in Legal System-Involved Youth

Relations Between Executive Functioning and Internalizing Symptoms Vary as a Function of Frontoparietal-amygdala Resting State Connectivity

Adherence, Competence, and Alliance as Predictors of Long-term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders

Explaining the Female Preponderance in Adolescent Depression—A Four-Wave Cohort Study