Top

Journal of Child and Family Studies

Gepubliceerd in:

21-05-2019 | Original Paper

Executive Function in the Adolescent Mother- Grandmother Dyad and Development of the Young Child

Auteurs: Damali M. Wilson, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Sara B. Johnson, Chakra Budhathoki, Deborah Gross

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 10/2019

Abstract

Objectives

Children of teen parents are at increased risk for developmental delays which impact a host of social outcomes. Maternal executive function (EF) has previously been identified as an essential contributor to quality parenting directly and child development indirectly. Further, evidence of intergenerational transmission of EF combined with the potential protective effects of the teen’s own mothers, point to the importance of both mothers’ and grandmothers’ EF capacities in parenting in multigenerational families. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship of teen mothers’ (TM) and their mothers’ (GM) executive functioning and the role of these EF capacities on the development of their young children, in particular risk for delay.

Methods

Thirty-four dyads of teen mothers, 15–19 years, with 1–3-year-old children, and their biological, co-residing mothers were recruited. Participants completed a computerized EF battery, the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), and a questionnaire to screen for child developmental delay, Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd edition.

Results

No significant correlation was identified between TM and GM EF task performance. There were modest effect sizes for the association of higher TM and GM global executive functioning and lower risk for developmental delay (both Cohen’s d = 0.40).

Conclusions

Future research on EF and other cognitive abilities in parents and caregivers of young children in multigenerational families may provide new insights into the complexity of early childhood development and risks for delays.

vorige artikel A Model of Parenting Risk and Resilience, Social-Emotional Readiness, and Reading Achievement in Kindergarten Children from Low-Income Families Model

volgende artikel Adolescents’ Conflict Resolution with Their Parents and Best Friends: Links to Life Satisfaction

Azar, S. T., Reitz, E. B., & Goslin, M. C. (2008). Mothering: thinking is part of the job description: application of cognitive views to understanding maladaptive parenting and doing intervention and prevention work. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(4), 295–304.CrossRef

Azar, S. T., & Weinzierl, K. M. (2005). Child maltreatment and childhood injury research: a cognitive behavioral approach. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 30(7), 598–614.CrossRefPubMed

Baker, C. E. (2017). Father-son relationships in ethnically diverse families: links to boys’ cognitive and social emotional development in preschool. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(8), 2335–2345.CrossRef

Barnett, M. A., Gustafsson, H., Deng, M., Mills‐Koonce, W. R., & Cox, M. (2012). Bidirectional associations among sensitive parenting, language development, and social competence. Infant and Child Development, 21(4), 374–393.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Barrett, J., & Fleming, A. S. (2011). Annual research review: all mothers are not created equal—neural and psychobiological perspectives on mothering and the importance of individual differences. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry, 52(4), 368–397.CrossRefPubMed

Baudry, C., Tarabulsy, G. M., Atkinson, L., Pearson, J., & St-Pierre, A. (2017). Intervention with adolescent mother–child dyads and cognitive development in early childhood: a meta-analysis. Preventive Science, 18(1), 116–130.CrossRef

Beers, L. A. S., & Hollo, R. E. (2009). Approaching the adolescent-headed family: a review of teen parenting. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 39(9), 216–233.CrossRef

Berkman, E. T. (2018). The neuroscience of goals and behavior change. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice And Research, 70(1), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000094.CrossRef

Bernier, A., Carlson, S. M., Deschênes, M., & Matte-Gagné, C. (2012). Social factors in the development of early executive functioning: a closer look at the caregiving environment. Developmental Science, 15(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01093.x.CrossRefPubMed

Best, J. R., & Miller, P. H. (2010). A developmental perspective on executive function. Child Development, 81(6), 1641–1660.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2016). Poverty, stress, and brain development: new directions for prevention and intervention. Academic Pediatrics, 16(3), S30–S36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bono, E. D., Francesconi, M., Kelly, Y., & Sacker, A. (2016). Early maternal time investment and early child outcomes. Economic Journal, 126(596), F96–F135. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12342.CrossRef

Bourassa, K., Memel, M., Woolverton, C., & Sbarra, D. (2017). Social participation predicts cognitive functioning in aging adults over time: comparisons with physical health, depression, and physical activity. Aging & Mental Health, 21(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1081152.CrossRef

Bridgett, D. J., Gartstein, M. A., Putnam, S. P., Lance, K. O., Iddins, E., Waits, R., VanVleet, J., & Lee, L. (2011). Emerging effortful control in toddlerhood: the role of infant orienting/regulation, maternal effortful control, and maternal time spent in caregiving activities. Infant Behavior and Development, 34, 189–199.CrossRefPubMed

Bridgett, D. J., Kanya, M. J., Rutherford, H. V., & Mayes, L. C. (2017). Maternal executive functioning as a mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of parenting: preliminary evidence. Journal Of Family Psychology, 31(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000264.CrossRefPubMed

Brieant, A., Holmes, C., Deater-Deckard, K., King-Casas, B., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2017). Household chaos as a context for intergenerational transmission of executive functioning. Journal of Adolescence, 58, 40–48.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brooks-Gunn, J., & Markman, L. (2005). The contribution of parenting to ethnic and racial gaps in school readiness. The Future of Children, 15(1), 139–168.CrossRefPubMed

Cambridge Cognition Limited. (2014). Cantab Research Suite 6 Test Administration Guide.

Cassidy, A. R. (2016). Executive function and psychosocial adjustment in healthy children and adolescents: a latent variable modeling investigation. Child Neuropsychology, 22(3), 292–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2014.994484.

Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2011). Building the Brain’s “Air Traffic Control” System: How Early Experiences Shape the Development of Executive Function: Working Paper No. 11. http://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/How-Early-Experiences-Shape-the-Development-of-Executive-Function.pdf.

Chico, E., Gonzalez, A., Ali, N., Steiner, M., & Fleming, A. S. (2014). Executive function and mothering: challenges faced by teenage mothers. Developmental Psychobiology, 56(5), 1027–1035.CrossRefPubMed

Child Trends. (2013). Screening and risk for developmental delay. https://www.childtrends.org/?indicators=screening-and-risk-for-developmental-delay.

Cohn, D. & Passel, J. (2016). A record 60.6 million Americans live in multigenerational households. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/08/11/a-record-60-6-million-americans-live-inmultigenerational-households/.

Crandall, A., Deater-Deckard, K., & Riley, A. W. (2015). Maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities and parenting: a conceptual framework. Developmental Review, 36, 105–126.CrossRefPubMed

Cuevas, K., Deater-Deckard, K., Kim-Spoon, J., Watson, A. J., Morasch, K. C., & Bell, M. A. (2014). What’s mom got to do with it? Contributions of maternal executive function and caregiving to the development of executive function across early childhood. Developmental Science, 17(2), 224–238.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Davis-Kean, P. E., & Jager, J. (2014). Trajectories of achievement within race/ethnicity: “Catching Up” in achievement across time. Journal of Educational Research, 107(3), 197. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2013.807493.CrossRef

Deater-Deckard, K., & Bell, M. A. (2017). Maternal executive function, heart rate, and EEG alpha reactivity interact in the prediction of harsh parenting. Journal Of Family Psychology, 31(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000286.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Deater-Deckard, K., Sewell, M. D., Petrill, S. A., & Thompson, L. A. (2010). Maternal working memory and reactive negativity in parenting. Psychological Science (Sage Publications Inc.), 21(1), 75–79.

Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135–168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750.CrossRefPubMed

Emerson, E., & Brigham, P. (2015). Exposure of children with developmental delay to social determinants of poor health: cross-sectional case record review study. Child: Care, Health & Development, 41(2), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12144.CrossRef

Ermisch, J. (2008). Origins of social immobility and inequality: parenting and early child development. National Institute Economic Review, 205(1), 62–71.CrossRef

Erzinger, A. B., & Steiger, A. E. (2014). Intergenerational transmission of maternal and paternal parenting beliefs: the moderating role of interaction quality. The European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11(2), 177–195.CrossRef

Fagan, J., & Lee, Y. (2013). Explaining the association between adolescent parenting and preschoolers’ school readiness: a risk perspective. Journal Of Community Psychology, 41(6), 692–708. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21565.CrossRef

Feldman, M. A., Hancock, C. L., Rielly, N., Minnes, P., & Cairns, C. (2000). Behavior problems in young children with or at risk for developmental delay. Journal Of Child & Family Studies, 9(2), 247–261.CrossRef

Fomby, P., James-Hawkins, L., & Mollborn, S. (2015). Family resources in two generations and school readiness among children of teen parents. Population Research And Policy Review, 34(5), 733–759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-015-9363-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fontaine, D., & Nolin, P. (2012). Study of “Hot” executive functions in a sample of parents who have been accused of physical abuse or neglect. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 21(1), 1–18.CrossRef

Friedman, N. P., & Miyake, A. (2017). Unity and diversity of executive functions: Individual differences as a window on cognitive structure. Cortex, 86, 186–204.CrossRefPubMed

Friedman, N. P., Miyake, A., Young, S. E., DeFries, J. C., Corley, R. P., & Hewitt, J. K. (2008). Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin. Journal Of Experimental Psychology: General, 137(2), 201–225.CrossRef

Gajewski, P., & Falkenstein, M. (2016). Physical activity and neurocognitive functioning in aging—a condensed updated review. European Reviews Of Aging & Physical Activity, 13(1), 1–7.CrossRef

Garlinghouse, T. G. (2013). Money or Mothering: Which Is More Important. Kennedy School Review, 1323–1327.

Goh, J. O., An, Y., & Resnick, S. M. (2012). Differential trajectories of age-related changes in components of executive and memory processes. Psychology And Aging, 27(3), 707–719. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026715.CrossRefPubMed

Golden, A. L. (2016). Family structure and child well-being: dads make a difference. Issues In Law & Medicine, 31(2), 211–215.

Gonzalez, A. (2015). The role of maternal executive function. Canadian Psychology, 56(1), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000019.CrossRef

Gonzalez, A., Jenkins, J. M., Steiner, M., & Fleming, A. S. (2012). Maternal early life experiences and parenting: the mediating role of cortisol and executive function. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(7), 673–682.CrossRef

Guajardo, N. R., Snyder, G., & Petersen, R. (2009). Relationships among parenting practices, parental stress, child behaviour, and children’s social‐cognitive development. Infant and Child Development, 18(1), 37–60.CrossRef

Guevara, J. P., Gerdes, M., Localio, R., Huang, Y. V., Pinto-Martin, J., Minkovitz, C. S., Hsu, D., Kyriakou, L., Baglivo, S., Kavanagh, J., & Pati, S. (2013). Effectiveness of developmental screening in an urban setting. Pediatrics, 131(1), 30–37.CrossRefPubMed

Hammer, C. S., Morgan, P., Farkas, G., Hillemeier, M., Bitetti, D., & Maczuga, S. (2017). Late talkers: a population-based study of risk factors and school readiness consequences. Journal Of Speech, Language & Hearing Research, 60(2), 607–626. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_JSLHR-L-15-0417.CrossRef

Harvard University Center on the Developing Child. (2007). The Science of Early Childhood Development. National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. http://www.developingchild.net.

Hoff, E. (2013). Interpreting the early language trajectories of children from low-SES and language minority homes: implications for closing achievement gaps. Developmental Psychology, 49(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027238.CrossRefPubMed

Hsin, A., & Felfe, C. (2014). When does time matter? Maternal employment, children’s time with parents, and child development. Demography, 51(5), 1867–1894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0334-5.CrossRefPubMed

Hughes, C. (2011). Changes and challenges in 20 years of research into the development of executive functions. Infant & Child Development, 20(3), 251–271.CrossRef

Jester, J., Nigg, J., Puttler, L., Long, J., Fitzgerald, H., & Zucker, R. (2009). Intergenerational transmission of neuropsychological executive functioning. Brain and Cognition, 70, 145–153.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kearney, M. S., & Levine, P. B. (2012). Why is the teen birth rate in the United States so high and why does it matter? Journal Of Economic Perspectives, 26(2), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.2.141.CrossRefPubMed

Kim, M. H., Shimomaeda, L., Giuliano, R., & Skowron, E. (2017). Intergenerational associations in executive function between mothers and children in the context of risk. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 164, 1–15.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lomanowska, A. M., Boivin, M., Hertzman, C., & Fleming, A. S. (2017). Parenting begets parenting: a neurobiological perspective on early adversity and the transmission of parenting styles across generations. Neuroscience, 342(7), 120–139.CrossRefPubMed

Luciana, M. (2003). Practitioner review: computerized assessment of neuropsychological function in children: clinical and research applications of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB). Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 44(5), 649–663.CrossRef

Lugo‐Gil, J., & Tamis‐LeMonda, C. S. (2008). Family resources and parenting quality: links to children’s cognitive development across the first 3 years. Child Development, 79(4), 1065–1085.CrossRefPubMed

Luna, B., Padmanabhan, A., & O’Hearn, K. (2010). What has fMRI told us about the development of cognitive control through adolescence? Brain & Cognition, 72(1), 101–113.CrossRef

McKown, C. (2013). Social Equity Theory and racial-ethnic achievement gaps. Child Development, 84(4), 1120–1136. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12033.CrossRefPubMed

Mollborn, A., & Dennis, J. A. (2012). Explaining the early development and health of teen mothers’ children. Sociological Forum, 27(4), 1010–1036.CrossRefPubMed

Monn, A. R., Narayan, A. J., Kalstabakken, A. W., Schubert, E. C., & Masten, A. S. (2017). Executive function and parenting in the context of homelessness. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000275.

National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. (2016). The National Story. https://thenationalcampaign.org/data/landing.

National Education Association. (2002–2017). Identifying Factors that Contribute to Achievement Gaps. http://www.nea.org/home/17413.htm.

Nayak, M. B., & Milner, J. S. (1998). Neuropsychological functioning: comparison of mothers at high- and low-risk for child physical abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(7), 687–703.CrossRef

Office of Adolescent Health. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.) Trends in Teen Pregnancy and Childbearing. https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-development/reproductive-health-and-teen-pregnancy/teen-pregnancy-and-childbearing/trends/index.html.

Paczkowski, E., & Baker, B. (2007). Parenting children with and without developmental delay: the role of self-mastery. Journal Of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(6), 435–446.CrossRefPubMed

Penman-Aguilar, A., Carter, M., Snead, M. C., & Kourtis, A. P. (2013). Socioeconomic disadvantage as a social determinant of teen childbearing in the US. Public Health Reports, 128(2_suppl1), 5–22.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rafferty, Y., Griffin, K. W., & Lodise, M. (2011). Adolescent motherhood and developmental outcomes of children in early head start: the influence of maternal parenting behaviors, well‐being, and risk factors within the family setting. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(2), 228–245.CrossRefPubMed

Rosenberg, S. A., Zhang, D., & Robinson, C. C. (2008). Prevalence of developmental delays and participation in early intervention services for young children. Pediatrics, 121(6), e1503–e1509.CrossRefPubMed

Ruedinger, E., & Cox, J. (2012). Adolescent childbearing: consequences and interventions. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 24(4), 446–452.PubMed

San Antonio, M. C., Fenick, A. M., Shabanova, V., Leventhal, J. M., & Weitzman, C. C. (2014). Developmental screening using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: standardized versus real-world conditions. Infants & Young Children, 27(2), 111–119.CrossRef

Sethna, V., Perry, E., Domoney, J., Iles, J., Psychogiou, L., Rowbotham, N. E., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2017). Father-child interactions at 3 months and 24 months: contributions to children’s cognitive development at 24 months. Infant Mental Health Journal, 38(3), 378–390.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shaffer, A., & Obradović, J. (2017). Unique contributions of emotion regulation and executive functions in predicting the quality of parent–child interaction behaviors. Journal Of Family Psychology, 31(2), 150–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000269.CrossRefPubMed

Shevell, M., Majnemer, A., Platt, R. W., Webster, R., & Birnbaum, R. (2005). Developmental and functional outcomes at school age of preschool children with global developmental delay. Journal Of Child Neurology, 20(8), 648–654.CrossRefPubMed

Shonkoff, J. P. & Phillips, D. A. (Eds). (2000). From neurons to neighborhoods: the science of early childhood development. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Smith, P. J., Need, A. C., Cirulli, E. T., Chiba-Falek, O., & Attix, D. K. (2013). A comparison of the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) with “traditional” neuropsychological testing instruments. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 35(3), 319–328.CrossRef

Squires, J., Bricker, D., Twombly, E., & Potter, L. (2009). ASQ-3 user’s guide. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company.

StataCorp (2015). Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. College Station: StataCorp LP.

Sturge-Apple, M. L., Jones, H. R., & Suor, J. H. (2017). When stress gets into your head: socioeconomic risk, executive functions, and maternal sensitivity across childrearing contexts. Journal Of Family Psychology, 31(2), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000265.CrossRefPubMed

Sun, S., Pan, W., & Wang, L. L. (2010). A comprehensive review of effect size reporting and interpreting practices in academic journals in education and psychology. Journal Of Educational Psychology, 102(4), 989–1004. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019507.CrossRef

Thibeau, S., McFall, G. P., Wiebe, S. A., Anstey, K. J., & Dixon, R. A. (2016). Genetic factors moderate everyday physical activity effects on executive functions in aging: evidence from the Victoria Longitudinal Study. Neuropsychology, 30(1), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000217.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Vinopal, K., & Gershenson, S. (2017). Re-conceptualizing gaps by socioeconomic status in parental time with children. Social Indicators Research, 133(2), 623–643.CrossRef

Watkins-Lewis, K., & Hamre, B. (2012). African-American parenting characteristics and their association with children’s cognitive and academic school readiness. Journal Of African American Studies, 16(3), 390–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-011-9195-9.CrossRef

Wilson, D., & Gross, D. (2018). Parents’ executive functioning and involvement in their child’s education: an integrated literature review. Journal of School Health, 88(4), 322–329.CrossRefPubMed

Wim, M. (2016). Adolescent psychosocial development: a review of longitudinal models and research. Developmental Psychology, 52(12), 1969–1993. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000243.CrossRef

World Health Organization. (2014). World Health Statistics. Geneva: World Health Organization Press.

Yazejian, N., Bryant, D. M., Hans, S., Horn, D., St. Clair, L., File, N., & Burchinal, M. (2017). Child and parenting outcomes after 1 year of Educare. Child Development, 88(5), 1671–1688. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12688.CrossRefPubMed

Yousafzai, A., Obradovic, J., Rasheed, M., Rizvi, A., Portilla, X., Tirado-Strayer, N., Siyal, S., & Memon, U. (2016). Effects of responsive stimulation and nutrition interventions on children’s development and growth at age 4 years in a disadvantaged population in Pakistan: a longitudinal follow-up of a cluster-randomised factorial effectiveness trial. The Lancet Global Health, 4(8), e548–e558. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30100-0.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Executive Function in the Adolescent Mother- Grandmother Dyad and Development of the Young Child
Auteurs: Damali M. Wilson
Kirby Deater-Deckard
Sara B. Johnson
Chakra Budhathoki
Deborah Gross
Publicatiedatum: 21-05-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 10/2019
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01464-y

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 10/2019

The Weight Status of Only Children in China: The Role of Marital Satisfaction and Maternal Warmth

Implementing the Coping Positively with My Worries Manual: A Pilot Study

Effects of Parental Internalizing Problems on Irritability in Adolescents: Moderation by Parental Warmth and Overprotection

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness of the OpenMind (OM) Program for Pre-School Children

Health School-based Mindfulness Interventions for Improving Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies

Children’s and Parents’ Perceptions of Vulnerability as Weakness: Associations with Children’s Well-Being