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Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

16-07-2019

Examining Triarchic Psychopathy Constructs in a Dutch Forensic Treatment Sample Using a Forensic Version of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality

Auteurs: Jacomina Gerbrandij, David P. Bernstein, Laura E. Drislane, Vivienne de Vogel, Marike Lancel, Christopher J. Patrick

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 3/2019

Abstract

Psychopathy, as described by the triarchic model, encompasses three distinct phenotypes: boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. The current study sought to operationalize these in a sample of 100 Dutch male forensic-psychiatric patients with differing forms of personality pathology who participated in a multi-site randomized clinical trial. Using an established construct-rating approach, triarchic scales were created using items from clinician-rated and self-report versions of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) adapted for forensic populations, the SNAP-F. Internal psychometric properties and criterion-related validity were evaluated. SNAP-F-Triarchic Meanness and Disinhibition scales showed acceptable internal consistencies, whereas the Boldness scales (which comprised fewer items) showed lower numbers. The scales showed associations with self-report and interview-based criterion measures largely in line with predictions, with higher validity for criteria assessed in the same measurement domain. Implications of findings for prediction of key outcomes in clinical settings are discussed, along with promising directions for future research.

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Classic writings in the assessment literature (e.g., Campbell & Fiske, 1959) have called attention to method variance as a factor constraining the magnitude of expected correlations between measures of same or related constructs. Though this issue has been considered extensively in the youth psychopathy literature, where informant ratings are commonly used, it has received limited attention in the adult psychopathy literature. We know of only one published study of this kind to date, by Blonigen et al. (2010); these investigators demonstrated that relations between psychopathy and clinical criterion measures were markedly lower when assessed in different modalities (i.e., interview vs. self-report) than when assessed in the same modality (i.e., self-report). The availability of both self-report and informant ratings was thus a valuable feature of the current work – permitting us to further examine correspondence between variables of interest assessed in same versus different modalities.

Since the current study made use of a brief 32-item version of the PPI, not all PPI scales were included in our hypotheses.

Prior work indicates that the PPI Coldheartedness subscale is most selectively related to the meanness facet of psychopathy as indexed by the TriPM (Drislane et al. 2014); unfortunately, the short version of the PPI used in the current study did not include items from this scale, precluding analysis of its comparative relations with the SNAP-F-Tri scales.

To address these limitations of the SNAP-F-based Boldness scale and improve the ability to detect relations with clinical criterion measures available for the current sample at later points following the Time 1 assessment, we created an augmented Boldness scale that included 10 other items from the PPI-32 and SCL-90 inventories providing for coverage of additional elements of the boldness construct. Information regarding this augmented Boldness scale, including content of the 10 items added and psychometric properties of the scale, can be found in the second section of the online Supplement to this article, titled “Augmented Self-Report Boldness Scale”.

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Titel: Examining Triarchic Psychopathy Constructs in a Dutch Forensic Treatment Sample Using a Forensic Version of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality
Auteurs: Jacomina Gerbrandij
David P. Bernstein
Laura E. Drislane
Vivienne de Vogel
Marike Lancel
Christopher J. Patrick
Publicatiedatum: 16-07-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 3/2019
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-019-09752-z

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