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08-05-2018 | Uitgave 5/2018

Evolutionaire geneeskunde

De groei van onze hersenen heeft ons gevoelig gemaakt voor ‘typisch westerse’ ziekten

Tijdschrift:: Bijblijven > Uitgave 5/2018

Auteur:: Prof. dr. Frits A. J. Muskiet

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Samenvatting

De evolutionaire geneeskunde, ook wel darwinistische geneeskunde, maakt gebruik van kennis van de paleolithische omgeving, genetica, vergelijkende anatomie, bio-geochemie, archeologie, antropologie, (patho)fysiologie en epidemiologie. Het betreft een nog jonge discipline die ziekte en gezondheid tracht te verklaren vanuit onze evolutionaire achtergrond. Deze kennis is belangrijk voor de identificatie van factoren die een rol spelen in onze huidige ongezonde leefstijl. De discipline komt niet zelden in conflict met heersende wetenschappelijke paradigma’s. In de paleolithische tijd (2,5 miljoen tot 10.000 jaar geleden) is ons brein gegroeid van ongeveer 400 naar 1.300–1.400 mL. Deze groei kon slechts plaatsvinden in het land-water ecosysteem, waar overvloedige hoeveelheden ‘hersen-selectieve nutriënten’ samenkomen. Ze omvatten jodium, selenium, ijzer, vitamines A, D en B12, en de visolievetzuren EPA en DHA. Wereldwijd behoren hun tekorten momenteel tot de meest voorkomende deficiënties. Onze uniek grote verhouding tussen hersen- en totaal lichaamsgewicht heeft ons gevoelig gemaakt voor glucosetekorten. Deze dreigen vooral bij hongeren, zwangerschap en infectie. Hiertoe passen we ons energiemetabolisme aan, onder andere door het veroorzaken van insulineresistentie. Onze huidige ongezonde leefstijl wordt gekenmerkt door chronische stress, chronisch slaapgebrek, wanvoeding, onvoldoende fysieke activiteit, abnormale microbiële flora en milieuverontreiniging. Ze brengen ons in een chronische toestand van lage-graad inflammatie, hetgeen leidt tot metabole aanpassingen. Op lange termijn veroorzaken deze aanpassingen het metabool syndroom en de typische welvaartsziekten, zoals diabetes mellitus type 2, hart- en vaatziekten en bepaalde vormen van kanker. Terugkeer naar de paleolithische tijd met behoud van de cultuur van de 21e eeuw is de enige natuurlijke manier om gezond oud te worden.

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Titel: Evolutionaire geneeskunde
De groei van onze hersenen heeft ons gevoelig gemaakt voor ‘typisch westerse’ ziekten
Auteur:: Prof. dr. Frits A. J. Muskiet
Publicatiedatum: 08-05-2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12414-018-0318-2
Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Tijdschrift: Bijblijven
Uitgave 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0168-9428
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-4916

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