Top

Optie A:

Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
Optie B:

Deel de link per e-mail
Link delen

vorige artikel Training working memory updating in young adults

volgende artikel Explaining response-repetition effects in task ...

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

16-02-2017 | Original Article | Uitgave 3/2018

Evidence for instructions-based updating of task-set representations: the informed fadeout effect

Tijdschrift:: Psychological Research > Uitgave 3/2018

Auteurs:: Maayan Pereg, Nachshon Meiran

» Toegang tot de volledige tekst krijgen

Belangrijke opmerkingen

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0842-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Abstract

The cognitive system can be updated rapidly and efficiently to maximize performance in cognitive tasks. This paper used a task-switching task to explore updating at the level of the plausible task-sets held for future performance. Previous research suggested a “fadeout effect”, performance improvement when moving from task-switching context to single-task context, yet this effect could reflect passive learning rather than intentional control. In a novel “informed fadeout paradigm”, one of two tasks was canceled for a certain number of trials and participants were informed or uninformed regarding task cancelation. The “informed fadeout effect” indicates better performance in the informed than uninformed fadeout after one informed trial had been executed. However, the results regarding the first trial were inconclusive. Possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Hier inloggen

Met onderstaand(e) abonnement(en) heeft u direct toegang:

BSL Psychologie Totaal

Met BSL Psychologie Totaal blijft u als professional steeds op de hoogte van de nieuwste ontwikkelingen binnen uw vak. Met het online abonnement heeft u toegang tot een groot aantal boeken, protocollen, vaktijdschriften en e-learnings op het gebied van psychologie en psychiatrie. Zo kunt u op uw gemak en wanneer het u het beste uitkomt verdiepen in uw vakgebied.

Meer informatie

Tornay, F. J., & Milán, E. G. (2001). A more complete task-set reconfiguration in random than in predictable task switch. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A ,54, 785–803.

Allport, A., & Wylie, G. (2000). Task-switching, stimulus-response bindings and negative priming. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), Control of cognitive processes: Attention and performance XVIII (pp. 35–70). Cambridge, MA: MIT.

Altmann, E. M. (2007). Comparing switch costs: alternating runs and explicit cuing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33, 475–483. PubMed

Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review ,108, 624–652. CrossRefPubMed

Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Keys, B. A., Carter, C. S., Cohen, J. D., Kaye, J. A., Janowsky, J. S., Taylor, S. F., Yesavage, J. A., & Mumenthaler, M. S. (2001). Context processing in older adults: Evidence for a theory relating cognitive control to neurobiology in healthy aging. J. ournal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 746–763. CrossRef

Bugg, J. M., & Braver, T. S. (2016). Proactive control of irrelevant task rules during cued task switching. Psychological Research, 80, 1–17.

Bugg, J. M., Diede, N. T., Cohen-Shikora, E. R., & Selmeczy, D. (2015). Expectations and experience: Dissociable bases for cognitive control? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41, 1349–1373. PubMed

Cole, M. W., Laurent, P., & Stocco, A. (2013). Rapid instructed task learning: A new window into the human brain’s unique capacity for flexible cognitive control. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience,13, 1–22.

Dreisbach, G. (2012). Mechanisms of cognitive control the functional role of task rules. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 227–231 CrossRef

Dreisbach, G., Goschke, T., & Haider, H. (2006). Implicit task sets in task switching? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 1221–1233. PubMed

Dreisbach, G., & Haider, H. (2008). That’s what task sets are for: shielding against irrelevant information. Psychological Research, 72, 355–361. CrossRefPubMed

Ecker, U. K., Lewandowsky, S., & Oberauer, K. (2014). Removal of information from working memory: A specific updating process. Journal of Memory and Language, 74, 77–90.

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149–1160. CrossRefPubMed

Gaschler, R., Frensch, P. A., Cohen, A., & Wenke, D. (2012). Implicit sequence learning based on instructed task set. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38, 1389–1407. PubMed

Goldfarb, L., & Henik, A. (2013). The effect of a preceding cue on the conflict solving mechanism. Experimental Psychology, 60, 347–353. CrossRefPubMed

Gopher, D., Armony, L., & Greenshpan, Y. (2000). Switching tasks and attention policies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 129, 308–339. CrossRef

Hartstra, E., Waszak, F., & Brass, M. (2012). The implementation of verbal instructions: dissociating motor preparation from the formation of stimulus–response associations. Neuroimage, 63, 1143–1153. CrossRefPubMed

Hollands, J. G., & Jarmasz, J. (2010). Revisiting confidence intervals for repeated measures designs. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 17, 135–138. CrossRef

Jarmasz, J., & Hollands, J. G. (2009). Confidence intervals in repeated measures designs: The number of observations principle. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 124–138. CrossRefPubMed

Jennings, J. R., & van der Molen, M. W. (2005). Preparation for speeded action as a psychophysiological concept. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 434–459. CrossRefPubMed

Kiesel, A., Wendt, M., & Peters, A. (2007). Task switching: On the origin of response congruency effects. Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 71, 117–125. CrossRefPubMed

Liefooghe, B., Wenke, D., & De Houwer, J. (2012). Instruction-based task-rule congruency effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38, 1325–1335. PubMed

Love, J., Selker, R., Marsman, M., Jamil, T., Dropmann, D., Verhagen, A. J., & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2015). JASP (Version 0.7) [Computer software].

Mayr, U., & Liebscher, T. (2001). Is there an age deficit in the selection of mental sets? European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 13, 47–69. CrossRef

Mayr, U., Spieler, D. H., & Hutcheon, T. G. (2015). When and why do old adults outsource control to the environment?. Psychology and Aging, 30, 624–633. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Meiran, N. (1996). Reconfiguration of Processing Mode Prior to Task Performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1423–1442. CrossRef

Meiran, N. (2010). Task switching: Mechanisms underlying rigid vs. flexible self-control. In R. Hassin, K. Ochsner & Y. Trope (Eds.), Self-control in society, mind and brain (pp. 202–220). NY: Oxford University Press. CrossRef

Meiran, N. (2014). The task cuing paradigm: A user’s guide. In J. A. Grange & G. Houghton (Eds.), Task switching and cognitive control (pp. 45–73). Oxford University Press.

Meiran, N., Chorev, Z., & Sapir, A. (2000). Component processes in task switching. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 211–253. CrossRefPubMed

Meiran, N., Diamond, G. M., Toder, D., & Nemets, B. (2011). Cognitive rigidity in unipolar depression and obsessive compulsive disorder: Examination of task switching, Stroop, working memory updating and post-conflict adaptation. Psychiatry Research, 185, 149–156. CrossRefPubMed

Meiran, N., Gotler, A., & Perlman, A. (2001). Old age is associated with a pattern of relatively intact and relatively impaired task-set switching abilities. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 56, 88–102. CrossRef

Meiran, N., & Kessler, Y. (2008). The task rule congruency effect in task switching reflects activated long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 34, 137–157. PubMed

Meiran, N., Kessler, Y., & Adi-Japha, E. (2008). Control by action representation and input selection (CARIS): A theoretical framework for task switching. Psychological Research, 72, 473–500. CrossRefPubMed

Meiran, N., Pereg, M., Kessler, Y., Cole, M. W., & Braver, T. S. (2015). The power of instructions: Proactive configuration of stimulus–response translation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41, 768–786. PubMed

Monsell, S. (2003). Task Switching. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 134–140. CrossRefPubMed

Monsell, S., Sumner, P., & Waters, H. (2003). Task-set reconfiguration with predictable and unpredictable task switches. Memory & Cognition, 31, 327–342. CrossRef

Oberauer, K., Souza, A. S., Druey, M. D., & Gade, M. (2013). Analogous mechanisms of selection and updating in declarative and procedural working memory: Experiments and a computational model. Cognitive Psychology, 66, 157–211. CrossRefPubMed

Psychology Software Tools (2010). E-Prime 2.0. Sharpsburg, PA: Psychology Software Tools, Inc.

Rogers, R. D., & Monsell, S. (1995). The cost of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 207–231. CrossRef

Rouder, J. N., Morey, R. D., Speckman, P. L., & Province, J. M. (2012). Default Bayes factors for ANOVA designs. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 56, 356–374. CrossRef

Rubin, O., & Meiran, N. (2005). On the origins of the task mixing cost in the cuing task-switching paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 1477–1491. PubMed

Schmidt, J. R. (2013). Temporal learning and list-level proportion congruency: conflict adaptation or learning when to respond? PloS ONE, 8, e82320. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shaffer, L. H. (1965). Choice reaction with variable S–R mapping. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 284–288. CrossRefPubMed

Smith, R. E. (2003). The cost of remembering to remember in event-based prospective memory: investigating the capacity demands of delayed intention performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 347–361. PubMed

Spieler, D. H., Mayr, U., & LaGrone, S. (2006). Outsourcing cognitive control to the environment: Adult age differences in the use of task cues. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 787–793. CrossRef

Vandierendonck, A. (2016). A comparison of methods to combine speed and accuracy measures of performance: A rejoinder on the binning procedure. Behavior Research Methods. Advance online publication. doi: 10.3758/s13428-016-0721-5.

Vandierendonck, A., Liefooghe, B., & Verbruggen, F. (2010). Task switching: Interplay of reconfiguration and interference. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 601–626. CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Evidence for instructions-based updating of task-set representations: the informed fadeout effect
Auteurs:: Maayan Pereg
Nachshon Meiran
Publicatiedatum: 16-02-2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-017-0842-1
Uitgeverij: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Tijdschrift: Psychological Research An International Journal of Perception, Attention, Memory, and Action
Uitgave 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Electronic supplementary material

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Met onderstaand(e) abonnement(en) heeft u direct toegang:

BSL Psychologie Totaal

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2018

Training working memory updating in young adults

Delta plots with negative-going slopes as a potential marker of decreasing response activation in masked semantic priming

Motor sequence learning and the effect of context on transfer from part-to-whole and from whole-to-part

Can training change attentional breadth? Failure to find transfer effects

Relatedness support enhances motor learning

The delay period as an opportunity to think about future intentions: Effects of delay length and delay task difficulty on young adult’s prospective memory performance