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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

01-05-2012

Evidence for a General ADHD Factor from a Longitudinal General School Population Study

Auteurs: Sébastien Normand, David B. Flora, Maggie E. Toplak, Rosemary Tannock

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 4/2012

Abstract

Recent factor analytic studies in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have shown that hierarchical models provide a better fit of ADHD symptoms than correlated models. A hierarchical model includes a general ADHD factor and specific factors for inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. The aim of this 12-month longitudinal study was to test the generalizability of the hierarchical models of ADHD within an elementary school population of 6–9 year old children (250 boys, 260 girls). Examination of differences as a function of informant (parent vs. teacher ratings), sex, and time was conducted. Six potential factor structures for the 18 items of the SWAN (Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and Normal-behavior) scale were tested using confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Hierarchical models with a general ADHD factor and two or three specific factors best accounted for parent and teacher reports of symptoms for both boys and girls and at two time points separated by a 12-month interval. Findings indicate that the 18 SWAN items measure a common latent trait as well as orthogonal factors or dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.

vorige artikel Youth Appraisals of Inter-parental Conflict and Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Examination of GxE Effects in a Twin Sample

volgende artikel Predictors of Boys’ ADHD Symptoms from Early to Middle Childhood: The Role of Father–Child and Mother–Child Interactions

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A limitation of the exploratory factor model is that because of “rotational indeterminacy” (see, e.g., Fabrigar et al. 1999, p. 281), a two-factor model with a relatively high interfactor correlation and potentially very small cross-loadings cannot be mathematically distinguished from a rotation of the same model that produces a smaller interfactor correlation along with larger cross-loadings.

Here we report skewness and kurtosis for total Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity scores for descriptive purposes. Skewness and kurtosis of individual items, as relevant to model-fitting analyses, are reported in the Data Analysis section.

In this study, we offered no hypothesis regarding possible age effects given the very limited age range (6–9 years old) of our sample participants. However, post hoc analyses dividing the sample into grades 1, 2 and 3 yielded similar findings and provided evidence of the superiority of the hierarchical models, despite a smaller sample size (results available from authors).

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Titel: Evidence for a General ADHD Factor from a Longitudinal General School Population Study
Auteurs: Sébastien Normand
David B. Flora
Maggie E. Toplak
Rosemary Tannock
Publicatiedatum: 01-05-2012
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 4/2012
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9584-5

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