Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 3/2007

01-06-2007 | Original Paper

Estimates of the Validity and Utility of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test in the Assessment of Inattentive and/or Hyperactive-Impulsive Behaviors in Children

Auteurs: Mark C. Edwards, Eunice S. Gardner, John J. Chelonis, Eldon G. Schulz, Rebecca A. Flake, Pamela F. Diaz

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 3/2007

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

This study evaluated the validity and classification utility of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) in the assessment of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behaviors in children. Significant, positive correlations between the CCPT parameters and behavioral ratings of ADHD behaviors were hypothesized. In addition, it was hypothesized that the CCPT parameters would perform better than a random test (chance) and show fair to moderate utility of classification across the different indices. Participants were 104 children between 6 and 12 years of age who were referred for evaluation of attention problems. The first hypothesis was not supported. There were no significant, positive correlations between the CCPT parameters and parent and teacher ratings of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behaviors. The second hypothesis was only partially supported. The CCPT Overall Index and the Omission Errors (84th percentile cutoff) performed better than a random test; however, the utility of the CCPT Overall Index only ranged from poor to slight. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed the accuracy of the CCPT to be low. The implications and limitations of this study and future research directions are discussed.
Literatuur
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M. (1991a). Manual for the child behavior checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry. Achenbach, T. M. (1991a). Manual for the child behavior checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M. (1991b). Manual for the teacher report form and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry. Achenbach, T. M. (1991b). Manual for the teacher report form and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
go back to reference American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (1991). Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(3), I–III. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (1991). Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(3), I–III.
go back to reference American Board of Pediatrics. (2000). Clinical practice guideline: Diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 105(5), 1158–1170.CrossRef American Board of Pediatrics. (2000). Clinical practice guideline: Diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 105(5), 1158–1170.CrossRef
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (4th edn.). Washington, DC: Author. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (4th edn.). Washington, DC: Author.
go back to reference Aylward, G. P., Verhulst, S. J., & Bell, S. (1990). Individual and combined effects of attention deficit and learning disabilities on computerized ADHD assessment. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 8, 497–508.CrossRef Aylward, G. P., Verhulst, S. J., & Bell, S. (1990). Individual and combined effects of attention deficit and learning disabilities on computerized ADHD assessment. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 8, 497–508.CrossRef
go back to reference Ballard, J. C. (1996). Computerized assessment of sustained attention: Interactive effects of task demand, noise, and anxiety. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18(6), 864–882.PubMed Ballard, J. C. (1996). Computerized assessment of sustained attention: Interactive effects of task demand, noise, and anxiety. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18(6), 864–882.PubMed
go back to reference Barkley, R. A. (1991). The ecological validity of laboratory and analogue assessment methods of ADHD symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19(2), 149–178.PubMedCrossRef Barkley, R. A. (1991). The ecological validity of laboratory and analogue assessment methods of ADHD symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19(2), 149–178.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Barkley, R. A. (1997). ADHD and the nature of self-control. New York: Guilford Press Barkley, R. A. (1997). ADHD and the nature of self-control. New York: Guilford Press
go back to reference Barkley, R. A. (2006). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Barkley, R. A. (2006). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power and analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power and analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Columbia University DISC Development Group. (2000). C-DISC 4 for windows: User manual. Columbia University DISC Development Group. (2000). C-DISC 4 for windows: User manual.
go back to reference Conners, C. K. (1994). Conner’s continuous performance test. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems. Conners, C. K. (1994). Conner’s continuous performance test. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
go back to reference Corkum, P. V., & Siegel, L. S. (1993). Is the continuous performance task a valuable research tool for use with children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 1217–1239.PubMedCrossRef Corkum, P. V., & Siegel, L. S. (1993). Is the continuous performance task a valuable research tool for use with children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 1217–1239.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Conners, C. K. (1994). The Conners continuous performance test. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems. Conners, C. K. (1994). The Conners continuous performance test. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
go back to reference Conners, C. K. (1997). Conners’ rating scales. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems. Conners, C. K. (1997). Conners’ rating scales. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
go back to reference DuPaul, G. J., Anastopoulus, A. D., Shelton, T. L., Guevremont, D. C., & Metevia, L. (1992). Multimethod assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The diagnostic utility of clinic based tests. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(4), 394–402.CrossRef DuPaul, G. J., Anastopoulus, A. D., Shelton, T. L., Guevremont, D. C., & Metevia, L. (1992). Multimethod assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The diagnostic utility of clinic based tests. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(4), 394–402.CrossRef
go back to reference Dupuy, T. R., & Greenberg, L. M. (1993). TOVA manual. Minneaplois, MN: Lawrence M. Greenberg. Dupuy, T. R., & Greenberg, L. M. (1993). TOVA manual. Minneaplois, MN: Lawrence M. Greenberg.
go back to reference Epstein, J. N., Conners, C. K., Sitarenios, G., & Erhardt, D. (1998). Continuous performance test results of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12(2), 155–168. Epstein, J. N., Conners, C. K., Sitarenios, G., & Erhardt, D. (1998). Continuous performance test results of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12(2), 155–168.
go back to reference Epstein, J. N., Erkanli, A., Conners, C. K., Klaric, J., Costello, J. E., & Angold, A. (2003). Relations between continuous performance test performance measures and ADHD behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(5), 543–554.PubMedCrossRef Epstein, J. N., Erkanli, A., Conners, C. K., Klaric, J., Costello, J. E., & Angold, A. (2003). Relations between continuous performance test performance measures and ADHD behaviors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(5), 543–554.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Forbes, G. B. (1998). Clinical utility of the test of variables of attention (TOVA) in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(4), 461–476.PubMedCrossRef Forbes, G. B. (1998). Clinical utility of the test of variables of attention (TOVA) in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(4), 461–476.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Furlong, M. J. (1998). Review of the child behavior checklist. In The thirteenth mental measurements yearbook. Retrieved October 27, 2006, from EBSCOHost Mental Measurements Yearbook database. Furlong, M. J. (1998). Review of the child behavior checklist. In The thirteenth mental measurements yearbook. Retrieved October 27, 2006, from EBSCOHost Mental Measurements Yearbook database.
go back to reference Gadow, K. D., & Sprafkin, J. (1997). Child symptom inventory-4. Stony Brook, NY: Checkmate Plus. Gadow, K. D., & Sprafkin, J. (1997). Child symptom inventory-4. Stony Brook, NY: Checkmate Plus.
go back to reference Gordon, M. (1986). Instruction manual for the Gordon diagnostic system. DeWitt, NY: Gordon Diagnostic Systems. Gordon, M. (1986). Instruction manual for the Gordon diagnostic system. DeWitt, NY: Gordon Diagnostic Systems.
go back to reference Halperin, J. M., Matter, K., Bedi, G., Sharma,V., & Newcorn, J. H. (1992). Specificity of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity to the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 429–436. Halperin, J. M., Matter, K., Bedi, G., Sharma,V., & Newcorn, J. H. (1992). Specificity of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity to the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 429–436.
go back to reference Halperin, J. M., Sharma, V., Greenblatt, E., & Schwartz, S. (1991). Assessment of the continuous performance test: Reliability and validity in the nonreferred sample. Psychological Assessment, 3(4), 603–608. Halperin, J. M., Sharma, V., Greenblatt, E., & Schwartz, S. (1991). Assessment of the continuous performance test: Reliability and validity in the nonreferred sample. Psychological Assessment, 3(4), 603–608.
go back to reference Halperin, J. M., Wolf, L. E., Greenblatt, E., & Young, G. (1991). Subtype analysis of commission errors on the continuous performance test in children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 7(2), 207–217. Halperin, J. M., Wolf, L. E., Greenblatt, E., & Young, G. (1991). Subtype analysis of commission errors on the continuous performance test in children. Developmental Neuropsychology, 7(2), 207–217.
go back to reference Jensen, P., & Watanabe, H. (1999). Sherlock Holmes and child psychopathology assessment approaches: The case of the false-positive. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(2), 138–146.CrossRef Jensen, P., & Watanabe, H. (1999). Sherlock Holmes and child psychopathology assessment approaches: The case of the false-positive. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(2), 138–146.CrossRef
go back to reference Kaufman, A. D., & Kaufman, N. L. (1990). Kaufman brief intelligence test manual (KBIT). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service. Kaufman, A. D., & Kaufman, N. L. (1990). Kaufman brief intelligence test manual (KBIT). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
go back to reference Klee, S. H., & Garfinkel, B. D. (1983). The computerized performance task: a new measure of inattention. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11, 487–495.PubMedCrossRef Klee, S. H., & Garfinkel, B. D. (1983). The computerized performance task: a new measure of inattention. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11, 487–495.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Koelega, H. S. (1995). Is the continuous performance task useful in research with ADHD children? Comment on a review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36(8), 1477–1485. Koelega, H. S. (1995). Is the continuous performance task useful in research with ADHD children? Comment on a review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36(8), 1477–1485.
go back to reference Kraemer, H. C. (1992). Evaluating medical tests. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Kraemer, H. C. (1992). Evaluating medical tests. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
go back to reference Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174.PubMedCrossRef Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Losier, B. J., McGrath, P. J., & Klein, R. M. (1996). Error patterns on the Continuous Performance Test in non-medicated and medicated samples of children with and without ADHD: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(8), 971–987.PubMedCrossRef Losier, B. J., McGrath, P. J., & Klein, R. M. (1996). Error patterns on the Continuous Performance Test in non-medicated and medicated samples of children with and without ADHD: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(8), 971–987.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference McGee, R. A., Clark, S. E., & Symons, D. K. (2000). Does the Conners’ continuous performance test aid in ADHD diagnosis? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(5), 415–424.PubMedCrossRef McGee, R. A., Clark, S. E., & Symons, D. K. (2000). Does the Conners’ continuous performance test aid in ADHD diagnosis? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(5), 415–424.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Nichols, S. L., & Waschbusch, D. A. (2004). A review of the validity of laboratory cognitive tasks used to assess symptoms of ADHD. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 34(4), 297–315.PubMedCrossRef Nichols, S. L., & Waschbusch, D. A. (2004). A review of the validity of laboratory cognitive tasks used to assess symptoms of ADHD. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 34(4), 297–315.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference O’Brien, J. D., Halperin, J. M., Newcorn, J. H., Sharma, V., Wolf, L., & Morganstein, A. (1992). Psychometric differentiation of conduct disorder and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24, 429–436. O’Brien, J. D., Halperin, J. M., Newcorn, J. H., Sharma, V., Wolf, L., & Morganstein, A. (1992). Psychometric differentiation of conduct disorder and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24, 429–436.
go back to reference O’Dougherty, M., Nuechterlein, K. H., & Drew, B. (1984). Hyperactive and hypoxic children: Signal detection, sustained attention, and behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 178–191.PubMedCrossRef O’Dougherty, M., Nuechterlein, K. H., & Drew, B. (1984). Hyperactive and hypoxic children: Signal detection, sustained attention, and behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 178–191.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pelham, W. E., Fabiano, G. A., & Massetti, G. M. (2005). Evidence-based assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 34(3), 449–476.CrossRef Pelham, W. E., Fabiano, G. A., & Massetti, G. M. (2005). Evidence-based assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 34(3), 449–476.CrossRef
go back to reference Pfiffner, L. J., McBurnett, K., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Green, S., Frick, P. J., & Rathouz, P. J. (1999). Association of parental psychopathology to the comorbid disorders of boys with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 881–893.PubMedCrossRef Pfiffner, L. J., McBurnett, K., Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Green, S., Frick, P. J., & Rathouz, P. J. (1999). Association of parental psychopathology to the comorbid disorders of boys with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 881–893.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rapport, M. D., Chung, K., Shore, G., Denney, C. B., & Isaacs, P. (2000). Upgrading the science and technology of assessment and diagnosis: Laboratory and clinic-based assessment of children with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29(4), 555–568.PubMedCrossRef Rapport, M. D., Chung, K., Shore, G., Denney, C. B., & Isaacs, P. (2000). Upgrading the science and technology of assessment and diagnosis: Laboratory and clinic-based assessment of children with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29(4), 555–568.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rosvold, H. E., Mirsky, A. F., Sarason, I., Bransome, E. D., Jr., & Beck L. H. (1956). A continuous performance test of brain damage. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 20(5), 343–350. Rosvold, H. E., Mirsky, A. F., Sarason, I., Bransome, E. D., Jr., & Beck L. H. (1956). A continuous performance test of brain damage. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 20(5), 343–350.
go back to reference Rovet, J. F., & Hepworth, S. L. (2001). Dissociating attention deficits in children with ADHD and congenital hypothyroidism using multiple CPTs. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(8), 1049–1056.PubMedCrossRef Rovet, J. F., & Hepworth, S. L. (2001). Dissociating attention deficits in children with ADHD and congenital hypothyroidism using multiple CPTs. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(8), 1049–1056.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schatz, A. M., Ballantyne, A. O., & Trauner, D. A. (2001). Sensitivity and specificity of a computerized test of attention in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Assessment, 8(4), 357–365.PubMedCrossRef Schatz, A. M., Ballantyne, A. O., & Trauner, D. A. (2001). Sensitivity and specificity of a computerized test of attention in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Assessment, 8(4), 357–365.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shapiro, S. K., & Garfinkel, B. D. (1986). The occurrence of behavior disorders in children: The interdependence of attention deficit and conduct disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 25, 809–819.CrossRef Shapiro, S. K., & Garfinkel, B. D. (1986). The occurrence of behavior disorders in children: The interdependence of attention deficit and conduct disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 25, 809–819.CrossRef
go back to reference Szatmari, P., Offord, D. R., & Boyle, M. H. (1989). Ontario Child Health Study: Prevalence of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 30, 219–230. Szatmari, P., Offord, D. R., & Boyle, M. H. (1989). Ontario Child Health Study: Prevalence of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 30, 219–230.
go back to reference Trommer, B. L., Hoeppner, J. B., Lorber, R., & Armstrong, K. (1988). Pitfalls in the use of a continuous performance test as a diagnostic tool in attention deficit disorder. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 9(6), 339–345. Trommer, B. L., Hoeppner, J. B., Lorber, R., & Armstrong, K. (1988). Pitfalls in the use of a continuous performance test as a diagnostic tool in attention deficit disorder. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 9(6), 339–345.
go back to reference Vance, B., & Fuller, G. B. (1995). Relation of scores on WISC-III and WRAT-3 for a sample of referred children and youth. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 371–374.PubMed Vance, B., & Fuller, G. B. (1995). Relation of scores on WISC-III and WRAT-3 for a sample of referred children and youth. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 371–374.PubMed
go back to reference Wilens T. E., Biederman, J., Brown, S., Tanquay, S., Monuteaux, M. C., Blake, C., & Spencer, T. J. (2002). Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in clinically referred preschool children and school-age youths with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(3), 262–268.CrossRef Wilens T. E., Biederman, J., Brown, S., Tanquay, S., Monuteaux, M. C., Blake, C., & Spencer, T. J. (2002). Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in clinically referred preschool children and school-age youths with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(3), 262–268.CrossRef
go back to reference Wilkinson, G. S. (1993). Wide range achievement test (3rd ed.). Wilmington, DE: Wide Range. Wilkinson, G. S. (1993). Wide range achievement test (3rd ed.). Wilmington, DE: Wide Range.
go back to reference Zahn, T. P., Kruesi, M. J. P., & Rapoport, J. L. (1991). Reaction time indices of attention deficits in boys with disruptive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 233–252.PubMedCrossRef Zahn, T. P., Kruesi, M. J. P., & Rapoport, J. L. (1991). Reaction time indices of attention deficits in boys with disruptive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 233–252.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Estimates of the Validity and Utility of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test in the Assessment of Inattentive and/or Hyperactive-Impulsive Behaviors in Children
Auteurs
Mark C. Edwards
Eunice S. Gardner
John J. Chelonis
Eldon G. Schulz
Rebecca A. Flake
Pamela F. Diaz
Publicatiedatum
01-06-2007
Gepubliceerd in
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 3/2007
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9098-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2007

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 3/2007 Naar de uitgave