Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-06-2016 | Original Article

Emotional Control Mediates the Association Between Dimensions of Perfectionism and Worry in Children

Auteurs: Nicholas W. Affrunti, Janet Woodruff-Borden

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 1/2017

Abstract

Previous research has shown that perfectionism predicts for increased worry in children. Theoretically, children with high levels of perfectionism may show a decreased ability to control their emotions during times of perceived failure. Children may then worry as a maladaptive attempt to cope with intense emotions. The current study sought to test the mediating role of emotional control on the relation between perfectionism dimensions and worry in children. Participants were 66 parent–child dyads. Children were 7–13 years (50 % male; 77.3 % Caucasian, 9.1 % African American). Overall the model fit the data well. Results indicated that perfectionism domains predicted for emotional control deficits and increased worry. Emotional control also partially mediated the relation between perfectionism dimensions and worry. These results suggest that emotional control may be one mechanism through which perfectionism exerts its effect on worry and perfectionistic children may worry due to difficulty controlling their emotional responses.

vorige artikel Distinguishing Fear Versus Distress Symptomatology in Pediatric OCD

volgende artikel Cognitive Bias as a Mediator in the Relation Between Fear-Enhancing Parental Behaviors and Anxiety Symptoms in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Weems CF, Silverman WK, La Greca AM (2000) What do youth referred for anxiety problems worry about? Worry and its relation to anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol 28:63–72CrossRefPubMed

Alfano CA, Ginsburg GS, Kingery JN (2007) Sleep-related problems among children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46:224–232CrossRefPubMed

Ginsburg GS, Riddle MA, Davies M (2006) Somatic symptoms in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 45:1179–1187CrossRefPubMed

Chang EC, Zumberg KM, Sanna LJ, Girz LP, Kade AM, Shair SR, Hermann NB, Srivastava K (2007) Relationship between perfectionism and domains of worry in a college student population: considering the role of BIS/BAS motives. Pers Individ Dif 43:925–936CrossRef

Flett GL, Coulter LM, Hewitt PL, Nepon T (2011) Perfectionism, rumination, worry, and depressive symptoms in early adolescents. Can J Sch Psychol 26:159–176CrossRef

Short MM, Mazmanian D (2013) Perfectionism and negative repetitive thoughts: examining a multiple mediator model in relation to mindfulness. Pers Individ Dif 55:716–721CrossRef

Gramszlo C, Woodruff-Borden J (2015) Emotional reactivity and executive control: a pathway of risk for the development of childhood worry. J Anxiety Disord 35:35–41CrossRefPubMed

Mandel T, Dunkley DM, Moroz M (2015) Self-critical perfectionism and depressive and anxious symptoms over 4 years: the mediating role of daily stress reactivity. J Couns Psychol 62:703–717CrossRefPubMed

Flett GL, Hewitt PL, Oliver JM, Macdonald S (2002) Perfectionism in children and their parents: a developmental analysis. In: Flett GL, Hewitt PL (eds) Perfectionism: theory, research, and treatment. American Psychological Association, Washington, pp 89–132CrossRef

10.

Hewitt PL, Flett GL (1991) Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. J Pers Soc Psychol 60:456–470CrossRefPubMed

11.

Stoeber J, Otto K (2006) Positive conceptions of perfectionism: approaches, evidence, challenges. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 10:295–319CrossRefPubMed

12.

Flett G, Hewitt P, Boucher D, Davidson L, Munro Y (1997) The child adolescent perfectionism scale: development, validation, and association with adjustment. Unpublished Manuscript

13.

Bieling PJ, Israeli A, Smith J, Antony MM (2003) Making the grade: the behavioural consequences of perfectionism in the classroom. Pers Individ Dif 35:163–178CrossRef

14.

Herman KC, Wang K, Trotter R, Reinke WM, Ialongo N (2013) Developmental trajectories of maladaptive perfectionism among African American adolescents. Child Dev 84:1633–1650CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

McCreary BT, Joiner TE, Schmidt NB, Ialongo NS (2004) The structure and correlates of perfectionism in African American children. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 33:313–324CrossRefPubMed

16.

Santanello AW, Gardner FL (2007) The role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. Cognit Ther Res 31:319–332CrossRef

17.

Stöber J, Joormann J (2001) Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression. Cognit Ther Res 25:49–60CrossRef

18.

Handley AK, Egan SJ, Kane RT, Rees CS (2014) The relationships between perfectionism, pathological worry and generalised anxiety disorder. BMC Psychiatry 14:1–8CrossRef

19.

Affrunti NW, Woodruff-Borden J (2015) Negative affect and child internalizing symptoms: the mediating role of perfectionism. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 47:358–368CrossRef

20.

Affrunti NW, Woodruff-Borden J (2014) Perfectionism in pediatric anxiety and depressive disorders. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 17:299–317CrossRefPubMed

21.

Gioia GA, Isquith PK, Guy SC, Kenworthy L (2000) Test review behavior rating inventory of executive function. Child Neuropsychol 6:235–238CrossRefPubMed

22.

Richardson CM, Rice KG, Devine DP (2014) Perfectionism, emotion regulation, and the cortisol stress response. J Couns Psychol 61:110–118CrossRefPubMed

23.

Wirtz PH, Elsenbruch S, Emini L, Rüdisüli K, Groessbauer S, Ehlert U (2007) Perfectionism and the cortisol response to psychosocial stress in men. Psychosom Med 69:249–255CrossRefPubMed

24.

Aldea MA, Rice KG (2006) The role of emotional dysregulation in perfectionism and psychological distress. J Couns Psychol 53:498–510CrossRef

25.

Rudolph SG, Flett GL, Hewitt PL (2007) Perfectionism and deficits in cognitive emotion regulation. J Ration-Emot Cogn-Behav Ther 25:343–357CrossRef

26.

McRae K, Gross JJ, Weber J, Robertson ER, Sokol-Hessner P, Ray RD, Gabrieli JD, Ochsner KN (2012) The development of emotion regulation: an fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in children, adolescents and young adults. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 7:11–22CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Borkovec TD, Alcaine O, Behar E (2004) Avoidance theory of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. In: Heimberg RG, Turk CL, Mennin DS (eds) Generalized anxiety disorder: advances in research and practice. Guilford Press, New York, pp 77–108

28.

Llera SJ, Newman MG (2014) Rethinking the role of worry in generalized anxiety disorder: evidence supporting a model of emotional contrast avoidance. Behav Ther 45:283–299CrossRefPubMed

29.

Mennin DS, Heimberg RG, Turk CL, Fresco DM (2005) Preliminary evidence for an emotion dysregulation model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther 43:1281–1310CrossRefPubMed

30.

Salters-Pedneault K, Roemer L, Tull MT, Rucker L, Mennin DS (2006) Evidence of broad deficits in emotion regulation associated with chronic worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Cognit Ther Res 30:469–480CrossRef

31.

Decker ML, Turk CL, Hess B, Murray CE (2008) Emotion regulation among individuals classified with and without generalized anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord 22:485–494CrossRefPubMed

32.

Blanchard-Fields F, Coats AH (2008) The experience of anger and sadness in everyday problems impacts age differences in emotion regulation. Dev Psychol 44:1547–1556CrossRefPubMed

33.

Newman MG, Llera SJ (2011) A novel theory of experiential avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder: a review and synthesis of research supporting a contrast avoidance model of worry. Clin Psychol Rev 31:371–382CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

O’Connor RC, Rasmussen S, Hawton K (2010) Predicting depression, anxiety and self-harm in adolescents: the role of perfectionism and acute life stress. Behav Res Ther 48:52–59CrossRefPubMed

35.

Donders J, DenBraber D, Vos L (2010) Construct and criterion validity of the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in children referred for neuropsychological assessment after paediatric traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychol 4:197–209CrossRefPubMed

36.

Isquith PK, Gioia GA, Espy KA (2004) Executive function in preschool children: examination through everyday behavior. Dev Neuropsychol 26:403–422CrossRefPubMed

37.

Toplak ME, Bucciarelli SM, Jain U, Tannock R (2008) Executive functions: performance-based measures and the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF) in adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Child Neuropsychol 15:53–72CrossRef

38.

Chorpita BF, Tracey SA, Brown TA, Collica TJ, Barlow DH (1997) Assessment of worry in children and adolescents: an adaptation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behav Res Ther 35:569–581CrossRefPubMed

39.

Pestle SL, Chorpita BF, Schiffman J (2008) Psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for children in a large clinical sample. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 37:465–471CrossRefPubMed

40.

Hu L, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J 6:1–55CrossRef

41.

Zhao X, Lynch JG, Chen Q (2010) Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: myths and truths about mediation analysis. J Consum Res 37:197–206CrossRef

42.

Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2008) Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 40:879–891CrossRefPubMed

43.

MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Hoffman JM, West SG, Sheets V (2002) A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychol Methods 7:83–104CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Geronimi EM, Patterson HL, Woodruff-Borden J (2015) Relating worry and executive functioning during childhood: the moderating role of age. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 47:430–439CrossRef

45.

Muris P, Meesters C, Merckelbach H, Hülsenbeck P (2000) Worry in children is related to perceived parental rearing and attachment. Behav Res Ther 38:487–497CrossRefPubMed

46.

Newman MG, Llera SJ, Erickson TM, Przeworski A, Castonguay LG (2013) Worry and generalized anxiety disorder: a review and theoretical synthesis of evidence on nature, etiology, mechanisms, and treatment. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 9:275–297CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Gentes EL, Ruscio AM (2014) Perceptions of functioning in worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Cognit Ther Res 38:518–529CrossRef

48.

Flett GL, Nepon T, Hewitt PL (2016) Perfectionism, worry, and rumination in health and mental health: a review and a conceptual framework for a cognitive theory of perfectionism. In: Sirois F, Molnar DS (eds) Perfectionism, health, and well-being. Springer International Publishing, New York, pp 121–155CrossRef

49.

Sullivan PJ, Keller M, Paternostro J, Friedberg RD (2015) Treating emotionally dysregulated and perfectionistic youth with transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral procedures. J Contemp Psychother 45:151–158CrossRef

50.

Herman KC, Trotter R, Reinke WM, Ialongo N (2011) Developmental origins of perfectionism among African American youth. J Couns Psychol 58:321–334CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Egan SJ, Wade TD, Shafran R (2011) Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: a clinical review. Clin Psychol Rev 31:203–212CrossRefPubMed

52.

Werner K, Gross JJ (2010) Emotion regulation and psychopathology: a conceptual framework. In: Kring AM, Sloan DM (eds) Emotion and psychopathology: a transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment. Guilford Press, New York, pp 13–37

Titel: Emotional Control Mediates the Association Between Dimensions of Perfectionism and Worry in Children
Auteurs: Nicholas W. Affrunti
Janet Woodruff-Borden
Publicatiedatum: 01-06-2016
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 1/2017
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-016-0654-3

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2017

The Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5): Development and First Psychometric Evidence of a New Scale for Assessing Anxiety Disorders Symptoms of Children and Adolescents

Antecedents of Treatment Resistant Depression in Children Victimized by Peers

The Effectiveness of Parent Management Training—Oregon Model in Clinically Referred Children with Externalizing Behavior Problems in The Netherlands

Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire in Two Samples of Youth with OCD

Agreement Between Parent- and Self-Reports of Psychopathic Traits and Externalizing Behaviors in a Clinical Sample

Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Spanish Version of the Children’s Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (C-FOCI)