Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

14-12-2024 | Original Paper

Emotional Availability (EA) Briefing: Single-Session Feedback and Coaching with Mothers of Children 0–17 Years of Age

Auteurs: Frances Russell, Stephen Aichele, Michael Lincoln, Emma L. M. Clark, Maggie Dungan, Ashley Harvey, Lillian Hoyer, Yuqin Jiao, Steffany Joslin, Katelyn Branson Dame, Zeynep Biringen

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 1/2025

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The focus of this pilot investigation was to determine if the EA Briefing (previously referred to as the EA Brief), could improve self-reported and observed emotional availability (EA) as well as maternal wellbeing. Participants in this study were mothers and their children, including infants, preschoolers, school-aged children, and adolescents. All assessments were administered prior to and at the end of the intervention. These assessments included the observational Emotional Availability (EA) Scales, the Emotional Availability Self-Report (EA-SR), and the Flourishing Scale. During the intervention, mother-child dyads were in their homes and filmed via Zoom. Each mother completed a single, short, individualized parent feedback and coaching session and received information about emotional availability, attachment, and mindfulness. Results examined differences between the groups and indicated that those who received the intervention showed more improvement in observed EA and self-reported EA than those who did not. Additionally, parent-child dyads of all age groups in the study demonstrated improvements. This suggests that the EA Briefing may be relevant for a wider age range of children than have previously participated. The study may also encourage other attachment-based interventions to examine their effectiveness with older children.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Literatuur
go back to reference Aarts, M. (2000). Marte Meo: Basic manual. Aarts Productions Aarts, M. (2000). Marte Meo: Basic manual. Aarts Productions
go back to reference Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Lawrence Eribaum. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Lawrence Eribaum.
go back to reference Barone, L., Barone, V., Dellagiulia, A., & Lionetti, F. (2018). Testing an attachment-based parenting intervention-VIPP-FC/A in adoptive families with post-institutionalized children: Do maternal sensitivity and genetic markers count? Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 156 Barone, L., Barone, V., Dellagiulia, A., & Lionetti, F. (2018). Testing an attachment-based parenting intervention-VIPP-FC/A in adoptive families with post-institutionalized children: Do maternal sensitivity and genetic markers count? Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 156
go back to reference Benton, J., Coatsworth, D., & Biringen, Z. (2019). Examining the association between emotional availability and mindful parenting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 1650–1663.CrossRef Benton, J., Coatsworth, D., & Biringen, Z. (2019). Examining the association between emotional availability and mindful parenting. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 1650–1663.CrossRef
go back to reference Biringen, Z. (2008). The Emotional Availability (EA) Scales and EA Zones Evaluation: Infancy/Early Childhood version and Middle Childhood/Youth version, Boulder, CO: emotionalavailability.com. Biringen, Z. (2008). The Emotional Availability (EA) Scales and EA Zones Evaluation: Infancy/Early Childhood version and Middle Childhood/Youth version, Boulder, CO: emotionalavailability.com.
go back to reference Biringen, Z., Altenhofen, S., Aberle, J., Baker, M., Brosal, A., Bennett, S., Coker, E., Lee, C., Meyer, B., Moorlag, A., & Swaim, R. (2012). Emotional availability, attachment, and intervention in center-based child care for infants and toddlers. Development & Psychopathology, 24, 23–34.CrossRef Biringen, Z., Altenhofen, S., Aberle, J., Baker, M., Brosal, A., Bennett, S., Coker, E., Lee, C., Meyer, B., Moorlag, A., & Swaim, R. (2012). Emotional availability, attachment, and intervention in center-based child care for infants and toddlers. Development & Psychopathology, 24, 23–34.CrossRef
go back to reference Biringen, Z. & Batten, R., Neelan, P., Altenhofen, S., Swaim, R., Bruce, A., Fetsch, R., Voitel, C., & Zachary, V. (2010). Emotional Availability (EA): The assessment of and intervention for global parent-child relational quality. Journal of Experiential Psychotherapy, 49, 3–9. Biringen, Z. & Batten, R., Neelan, P., Altenhofen, S., Swaim, R., Bruce, A., Fetsch, R., Voitel, C., & Zachary, V. (2010). Emotional Availability (EA): The assessment of and intervention for global parent-child relational quality. Journal of Experiential Psychotherapy, 49, 3–9.
go back to reference Biringen, Z., Derscheid, D., Vliegen, N., Closson, L., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (2014). Emotional Availability (EA): Theoretical background, empirical research using the EA scales, and clinical applications. Developmental Review, 34(2), 114–167.CrossRef Biringen, Z., Derscheid, D., Vliegen, N., Closson, L., & Easterbrooks, M. A. (2014). Emotional Availability (EA): Theoretical background, empirical research using the EA scales, and clinical applications. Developmental Review, 34(2), 114–167.CrossRef
go back to reference Biringen, Z., Vliegen, N., Bijttebier, P., & Cluckers, G. (2002a). Werkversie EAS Self-Report. Nietgepubliceerd werkdocument. The Emotional Availability—Dutch Self-Report. Biringen, Z., Vliegen, N., Bijttebier, P., & Cluckers, G. (2002a). Werkversie EAS Self-Report. Nietgepubliceerd werkdocument. The Emotional Availability—Dutch Self-Report.
go back to reference Biringen, Z., Vliegen, N., Bijttebier, P., & Cluckers, G. (2002b). The Emotional Availability—English Self-Report. Biringen, Z., Vliegen, N., Bijttebier, P., & Cluckers, G. (2002b). The Emotional Availability—English Self-Report.
go back to reference Biringen, Z., Sandoval, K., Flykt, M., & Biringen, Z. (2023). Observed Emotional Availability (EA) in the early months and adolescence and self-reported EA at any age: A narrative review. Human Development, 67, 175–192.CrossRef Biringen, Z., Sandoval, K., Flykt, M., & Biringen, Z. (2023). Observed Emotional Availability (EA) in the early months and adolescence and self-reported EA at any age: A narrative review. Human Development, 67, 175–192.CrossRef
go back to reference Biringen, Z., Sandoval, K., Flykt, M., Joslin, S., & Lincoln, M. (2022). Emotional Availability (EA): Clinical populations and clinical applications. Human Development, 10, 192–215. Biringen, Z., Sandoval, K., Flykt, M., Joslin, S., & Lincoln, M. (2022). Emotional Availability (EA): Clinical populations and clinical applications. Human Development, 10, 192–215.
go back to reference Bretherton, I. (2000). Emotional availability: An attachment perspective. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 233–241. Bretherton, I. (2000). Emotional availability: An attachment perspective. Attachment and Human Development, 2, 233–241.
go back to reference Bosman, G., & Kerns, K. A. (2015). Attachment in middle childhood: Progress and prospects. New Directions in Child and Adolescent Development, 148, 1–14.CrossRef Bosman, G., & Kerns, K. A. (2015). Attachment in middle childhood: Progress and prospects. New Directions in Child and Adolescent Development, 148, 1–14.CrossRef
go back to reference Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol. 1). New York: Basic Books Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol. 1). New York: Basic Books
go back to reference Clark, E. L. M., Jiao, Y., Sandoval, K., & Biringen, Z. (2021). Neurobiological implications of parent-child emotional availability: A review. Brain Sciences, 11, 1016.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Clark, E. L. M., Jiao, Y., Sandoval, K., & Biringen, Z. (2021). Neurobiological implications of parent-child emotional availability: A review. Brain Sciences, 11, 1016.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Cooper, G., Hoffman, K., Powell, B., & Marvin, R. (2005). The Circle of Security Intervention: Differential Diagnosis and Differential Treatment. In L. J. Berlin, Y. Ziv, L. Amaya-Jackson, & M. T. Greenberg (Eds.), Enhancing early attachments: Theory, research, intervention, and policy (pp. 127–151). Guilford Press. Cooper, G., Hoffman, K., Powell, B., & Marvin, R. (2005). The Circle of Security Intervention: Differential Diagnosis and Differential Treatment. In L. J. Berlin, Y. Ziv, L. Amaya-Jackson, & M. T. Greenberg (Eds.), Enhancing early attachments: Theory, research, intervention, and policy (pp. 127–151). Guilford Press.
go back to reference Dame, K. B., Jazz Harvey, M., Aichele, S., Kralewski Van Denburg, A., Hoyer, L., Joslin, S., McKenna, A., Lincoln, M., Closson, L., Flykt, M., Salo, S., Harvey, A., & Biringen, Z. (2023). Movement through motherhood: Exploring mood, wellbeing, and prenatal emotional availability (EA) through EA‐based dance intervention. Infant Mental Health Journal, 45, 22–39. Dame, K. B., Jazz Harvey, M., Aichele, S., Kralewski Van Denburg, A., Hoyer, L., Joslin, S., McKenna, A., Lincoln, M., Closson, L., Flykt, M., Salo, S., Harvey, A., & Biringen, Z. (2023). Movement through motherhood: Exploring mood, wellbeing, and prenatal emotional availability (EA) through EA‐based dance intervention. Infant Mental Health Journal, 45, 22–39.
go back to reference Eyberg, S. (1988). Parent-child interaction therapy. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 10, 33–46.CrossRef Eyberg, S. (1988). Parent-child interaction therapy. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 10, 33–46.CrossRef
go back to reference George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). Adult Attachment Interview. Unpublished manuscript. Berkeley, CA: University of California. George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). Adult Attachment Interview. Unpublished manuscript. Berkeley, CA: University of California.
go back to reference Guttman, H. A. (1991). In A. S. Gurman & D. P. Kniskern (Eds.), Systems theory, cybernetics, and epistemology. NY: Brunner/Mazel. Guttman, H. A. (1991). In A. S. Gurman & D. P. Kniskern (Eds.), Systems theory, cybernetics, and epistemology. NY: Brunner/Mazel.
go back to reference Hoivik, M., Lydersen, S., Drugli, M., Onsoien, R., Hansen, M., & Berg-Nielsen, T. (2015). Video feedback compared to treatment as usual in families with parent-child interactions problems: A randomized controlled trial. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9, 1–20. Hoivik, M., Lydersen, S., Drugli, M., Onsoien, R., Hansen, M., & Berg-Nielsen, T. (2015). Video feedback compared to treatment as usual in families with parent-child interactions problems: A randomized controlled trial. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9, 1–20.
go back to reference Lincoln, M., Aichele, S., Clark, E. L. M., Dungan, M., Harvey, A., Hoyer, L., Jiao, Y., Joslin, S., Russell, F., & Biringen, Z. (2023) Emotional Availability (EA) Brief: Single Session Feedback and Coaching for Improving Fathers’ Emotional Availability for Children Across a Wide Developmental Spectrum. OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 8(2), 1–38. Lincoln, M., Aichele, S., Clark, E. L. M., Dungan, M., Harvey, A., Hoyer, L., Jiao, Y., Joslin, S., Russell, F., & Biringen, Z. (2023) Emotional Availability (EA) Brief: Single Session Feedback and Coaching for Improving Fathers’ Emotional Availability for Children Across a Wide Developmental Spectrum. OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine, 8(2), 1–38.
go back to reference Main, M., & Goldwyn, R. (1984). Predicting rejection of her infant from mother’s representation of her own experience: Implications for the abused-abusing intergenerational cycle. Child Abuse & Neglect, 8(2), 203–217.CrossRef Main, M., & Goldwyn, R. (1984). Predicting rejection of her infant from mother’s representation of her own experience: Implications for the abused-abusing intergenerational cycle. Child Abuse & Neglect, 8(2), 203–217.CrossRef
go back to reference Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 121–160). The University of Chicago Press. Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 121–160). The University of Chicago Press.
go back to reference McConnell, M., Closson, L., Morse, B., Wurster, H., Flykt, M., Sarche, M., & Biringen, Z. (2020). The “EA Brief”: A single session of parent feedback and coaching to improve emotional attachment and emotional availability (EA). Infant Mental Health Journal, 41(6), 783–792. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21867.CrossRefPubMed McConnell, M., Closson, L., Morse, B., Wurster, H., Flykt, M., Sarche, M., & Biringen, Z. (2020). The “EA Brief”: A single session of parent feedback and coaching to improve emotional attachment and emotional availability (EA). Infant Mental Health Journal, 41(6), 783–792. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​imhj.​21867.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Reichardt, C. S. (2009). Quasi-experimental design. In R. E. Millsap & A. Maydeu-Olivares (Eds.), The Sage handbook of quantitative methods in psychology (pp. 46–71). Sage Publications Ltd. Reichardt, C. S. (2009). Quasi-experimental design. In R. E. Millsap & A. Maydeu-Olivares (Eds.), The Sage handbook of quantitative methods in psychology (pp. 46–71). Sage Publications Ltd.
go back to reference Risholm Mothander, P., Furmark, C., & Neander, K. (2018). Adding “circle of security—parenting” to treatment as usual in three Swedish infant mental health clinics: effects on parents’ internal representations and quality of parent‐infant interaction. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 59(3), 262–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12419.CrossRefPubMed Risholm Mothander, P., Furmark, C., & Neander, K. (2018). Adding “circle of security—parenting” to treatment as usual in three Swedish infant mental health clinics: effects on parents’ internal representations and quality of parent‐infant interaction. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 59(3), 262–272. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​sjop.​12419.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Saunders, H., Biringen, Z., Benton, J. Closson, L., Herndon, E., & Prosser, J. L. (2017). Emotional Availability and Emotional Availability Zones (EA-Z): From assessment to intervention to universal prevention. Perspectives in Infant Mental Health, 25(1), 12–16. Saunders, H., Biringen, Z., Benton, J. Closson, L., Herndon, E., & Prosser, J. L. (2017). Emotional Availability and Emotional Availability Zones (EA-Z): From assessment to intervention to universal prevention. Perspectives in Infant Mental Health, 25(1), 12–16.
go back to reference Schleider, J. L. & Beidas, R. S. (2022). Harnessing the Single-Session Intervention approach to promote scalable implementation of evidence-based practices in healthcare. Frontiers in Health Services, 2, 997406. Schleider, J. L. & Beidas, R. S. (2022). Harnessing the Single-Session Intervention approach to promote scalable implementation of evidence-based practices in healthcare. Frontiers in Health Services, 2, 997406.
go back to reference Salo, S., Flykt, M., Mäkelä, J., Biringen, Z., Kalland, M., Pajulo, M., & Punamäki, R. L. (2019). The effectiveness of nurture and play: A mentalisation-based parenting group intervention for prenatally depressed mothers. Primary Health Care Research & Development. 20, e157. Salo, S., Flykt, M., Mäkelä, J., Biringen, Z., Kalland, M., Pajulo, M., & Punamäki, R. L. (2019). The effectiveness of nurture and play: A mentalisation-based parenting group intervention for prenatally depressed mothers. Primary Health Care Research & Development. 20, e157.
go back to reference Thomas, R., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2011). Accumulating evidence for Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in the prevention of child maltreatment. Child Development, 82, 177–192.CrossRefPubMed Thomas, R., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2011). Accumulating evidence for Parent-Child Interaction Therapy in the prevention of child maltreatment. Child Development, 82, 177–192.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Thomson-Salo, F. (2014). A preventative attachment intervention with adolescent mothers: elaboration of the intervention: Elaboration of the intervention (1st ed). Routledge. Thomson-Salo, F. (2014). A preventative attachment intervention with adolescent mothers: elaboration of the intervention: Elaboration of the intervention (1st ed). Routledge.
go back to reference Van Izjendoorn, M. H., Schuengel, C., Wang, O., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2023). Improving parenting, child attachment, and externalizing behaviors: Meta-analysis of the first 25 randomized controlled trials on the effects of Video-feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline. Development & Psychopathology, 35, 241–256.CrossRef Van Izjendoorn, M. H., Schuengel, C., Wang, O., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2023). Improving parenting, child attachment, and externalizing behaviors: Meta-analysis of the first 25 randomized controlled trials on the effects of Video-feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline. Development & Psychopathology, 35, 241–256.CrossRef
go back to reference VanVoorhis, R. W., Miller, K. L., & Miller, S. (2023). A single-session intervention designed to promote resilience for parents of children with disabilities. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(8), 2406–2418. VanVoorhis, R. W., Miller, K. L., & Miller, S. (2023). A single-session intervention designed to promote resilience for parents of children with disabilities. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(8), 2406–2418.
go back to reference van IJzendoorn, MH., Schuengel, C., Wang, Q. & Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ. (2023). 2023). Improving parenting, child attachment, and externalizing behaviors: Meta-analysis of the first 25 randomized controlled trials on the effects of Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline. Dev Psychopathol, 35, 241–256.CrossRefPubMed van IJzendoorn, MH., Schuengel, C., Wang, Q. & Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ. (2023). 2023). Improving parenting, child attachment, and externalizing behaviors: Meta-analysis of the first 25 randomized controlled trials on the effects of Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline. Dev Psychopathol, 35, 241–256.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Waters, E., & Deane, K. E. (1985). Defining and assessing individual differences in attachment relationships: Q-methodology and the organization of behavior in infancy and early childhood. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (Vol. 50, pp. 41–65). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Waters, E., & Deane, K. E. (1985). Defining and assessing individual differences in attachment relationships: Q-methodology and the organization of behavior in infancy and early childhood. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development (Vol. 50, pp. 41–65). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
go back to reference Wurster, H. E., & Biringen, Z. (2020). Validity of the Emotional Attachment Zones Evaluation (EA-Z): Assessing attachment style across a developmental spectrum. Perspectives in Early Childhood Psychology and Education, 5, 5–54. Wurster, H. E., & Biringen, Z. (2020). Validity of the Emotional Attachment Zones Evaluation (EA-Z): Assessing attachment style across a developmental spectrum. Perspectives in Early Childhood Psychology and Education, 5, 5–54.
Metagegevens
Titel
Emotional Availability (EA) Briefing: Single-Session Feedback and Coaching with Mothers of Children 0–17 Years of Age
Auteurs
Frances Russell
Stephen Aichele
Michael Lincoln
Emma L. M. Clark
Maggie Dungan
Ashley Harvey
Lillian Hoyer
Yuqin Jiao
Steffany Joslin
Katelyn Branson Dame
Zeynep Biringen
Publicatiedatum
14-12-2024
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 1/2025
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-024-02963-3