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Gepubliceerd in:
Life course approach in women’s health hoofdstuk lezen eerste hoofdstuk lezen

2019 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

7. Embryonic, placental and foetal growth and development

Auteurs : Dr Wessel Ganzevoort, Dr Rebecca C. Painter, Dr Aleid G. van Wassenaer-Leemhuis, MD, PhD Bernadette S. de Bakker, Régine P. M. Steegers-Theunissen, Dr Marijke M. Faas

Gepubliceerd in: Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Summary

In this chapter normal foetal growth is described, starting from the embryonic period until delivery. Environmental and behavioural influences on growth are discussed and how these lead to abnormal growth patterns. An important subject is how to measure growth and how to discern normal deviations in size from abnormal growth. One of the important learning goals is to understand the pathophysiological processes of excessive growth and restricted growth, as well as their impact on outcomes in the immediate period of pregnancy and in later life. From this chapter, the reader will learn about the large influence of maternal behaviour, health and disease on offspring health. Lastly, the evidence on interventions to improve outcomes is discussed.
vorige hoofdstuk Preconception health and care
volgende hoofdstuk Birth and the neonatal period
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Woordenlijst
Viviparous
Born live
Ovoviparous
Born live in protective egg, no nutrition from mother
Decidua
The decidua is the uterine lining (endometrium) during a pregnancy, which forms the maternal part of the placenta
LGA
Large for gestational age, i.e. birth weight above a cut-off percentile for gestational age
SGA
Small for gestational age, i.e. birth weight below a cut-off percentile for gestational age
FGR
Foetal growth restriction, i.e. a pathological smallness due to pathological placental process, where smallness is an individual measure and may not lie outside reference cut-offs
Doppler
A technique that uses the transformation of sound frequency due to movement. A good example is the change of sound heard when a racing car passes by. The ultrasound software uses this frequency shift to calculate flow velocity in a blood vessel
Pulsatility index
A measure that uses diastolic, systolic and average blood flow velocity during a foetal heart cycle to express resistance of the vascularized organ, in the case of the umbilical artery this is the placental unit. A high PI indicates high resistance
Crossing centiles
If in two subsequent ultrasound estimations of foetal weight the estimated foetal weight appears to be at a significantly different percentile than previously
Neurodevelopment
Impairments of the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system
Literatuur
1.
Bakker BS de, Jong KH de, Hagoort J, Bree K de, Besselink CT, Kanter FE de, et al. An interactive three-dimensional digital atlas and quantitative database of human development. Science 2016;354(6315):aag0053. CrossRef
2.
Beukers F, Aarnoudse-Moens CSH, Weissenbruch MM van, Ganzevoort W, Goudoever JB van, Wassenaer-Leemhuis AG van. Foetal growth restriction with brain sparing: neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes at 12 years of age. J Pediatr. 2017;188:103–9 e2. CrossRef
3.
Flood K, Unterscheider J, Daly S, Geary MP, Kennelly MM, McAuliffe FM, et al. The role of brain sparing in the prediction of adverse outcomes in intrauterine growth restriction: results of the multicenter PORTO study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(3):288 e1–5. CrossRef
4.
Gordijn SJ, Beune IM, Thilaganathan B, Papageorghiou A, Baschat AA, Baker PN, et al. Consensus definition of foetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48(3):333–9. CrossRef
5.
Painter RC, Roseboom TJ, Rooij SR de. Long-term effects of prenatal stress and glucocorticoid exposure. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 2012;96(4):315–24. CrossRef
6.
Papageorghiou AT, Ohuma EO, Altman DG, Todros T, Cheikh Ismail L, Lambert A, et al. International standards for foetal growth based on serial ultrasound measurements: the foetal growth longitudinal study of the INTERGROWTH-21st project. Lancet 2014;384(9946):869–79. CrossRef
7.
Redman CW, Sargent IL, Staff AC. IFPA senior award lecture: making sense of preeclampsia – two placental causes of preeclampsia? Placenta 2014;35 Suppl:S20–5. CrossRef
8.
Sadovsky Y, Jansson T. Placenta and placental transport function. In: TM P, AJ Z, editors. Knobil and Neill’s physiology of reproduction. 4th ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2015. pp. 1741–82. CrossRef
9.
Steegers-Theunissen RP, Steegers EA. Embryonic health: new insights, mHealth and personalised patient care. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2015;27(4):712–5. CrossRef
10.
Verburg BO, Steegers EA, Ridder M de, Snijders RJ, Smith E, Hofman A, et al. New charts for ultrasound dating of pregnancy and assessment of foetal growth: longitudinal data from a population-based cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;31(4):388–96. CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Embryonic, placental and foetal growth and development
Auteurs
Dr Wessel Ganzevoort
Dr Rebecca C. Painter
Dr Aleid G. van Wassenaer-Leemhuis
MD, PhD Bernadette S. de Bakker
Régine P. M. Steegers-Theunissen
Dr Marijke M. Faas
Copyright
2019
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Boek
Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Print ISBN: 978-90-368-2130-8

Elektronisch ISBN: 978-90-368-2131-5

Copyright: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2131-5_7