25-08-2020 | Empirical Research | Uitgave 11/2020 Open Access

Effortful Control and Community Violence Exposure as Predictors of Developmental Trajectories of Self-serving Cognitive Distortions in Adolescence: A Growth Mixture Modeling Approach
- Tijdschrift:
- Journal of Youth and Adolescence > Uitgave 11/2020
Introduction
Cognitive Distortions in the Framework of Moral Developmental Delay
Effortful Control and Community Violence as Precursors of Trajectories of Cognitive Distortions
The Present Study
Methods
Participants and Procedure
Measures
Effortful control
Exposure to community violence
Self-serving cognitive distortions
Social desirability
Attrition Analysis
Analytic Approach
Results
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
Range
|
Mean
|
SD
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Gender (female)
|
1
|
|||||||||
2. EC T1
|
−0.05
|
1
|
1–5
|
3.40
|
0.50
|
|||||
3. ECV T1
|
−0.08*
|
−0.26***
|
1
|
1–5
|
1.60
|
0.60
|
||||
4. CDs T1
|
−0.03
|
−0.47***
|
0.33***
|
1
|
1–6
|
2.31
|
0.88
|
|||
5. CDs T2
|
−0.11**
|
−0.45***
|
0.28***
|
0.61***
|
1
|
1–6
|
2.25
|
0.89
|
||
6. CDs T3
|
−0.16**
|
−0.41***
|
0.26***
|
0.45***
|
0.54***
|
1
|
1–6
|
2.22
|
0.94
|
|
7. CDs T4
|
−0.27***
|
−0.34***
|
0.26***
|
0.44***
|
0.46***
|
0.53***
|
1
|
1–6
|
2.03
|
0.92
|
8. Social desirability
|
−0.25***
|
0.30***
|
−0.06
|
−0.18***
|
−0.11**
|
−0.06
|
0.05
|
1–5
|
3.07
|
0.66
|
Baseline model (M1)
|
|||
---|---|---|---|
No-growth model
|
Linear growth model
|
Quadratic growth model
|
|
−2log likelihood
|
7054.41
|
6983.52
|
6973.51
|
AIC
|
7060.41
|
6995.52
|
6993.51
|
BIC
|
7074.48
|
7023.65
|
7040.40
|
RMSEA
|
0.11
|
0.07
|
0.10
|
Intercept mean
|
2.23***
|
2.32***
|
2.30***
|
Slope mean
|
−0.07***
|
0.00
|
|
Quadratic slope mean
|
−0.02
|
||
Δ −2log likelihood
|
70.89,
p < 0.001
|
10.01,
p = 0.04
|
Models
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fit statistic
|
Latent class growth (M2)
|
Means (M3)
|
Means + covs (M4)
|
Means + covs + residual variances (M5)
|
||||||
2-class
|
3-class
|
2-class*
|
3-class*
|
2-class*
|
3-class*
|
4-class**
|
2-class
|
3-class
|
4-class**
|
|
Proportions
|
0.61/0.39
|
0.49/0.39/0.12
|
0.78/0.22
|
0.04/0.15/0.81
|
0.42/0.58
|
0.18/0.41/0.41
|
0.44/0.56
|
0.39/0.45/0.16
|
||
AIC
|
7094.76
|
6950.61
|
6854.77
|
6802.64
|
6679.47
|
6618.19
|
6161.58
|
6001.21
|
||
BIC
|
7122.89
|
6992.80
|
6896.96
|
6858.90
|
6735.73
|
6702.59
|
6222.53
|
6094.97
|
||
ABIC
|
7103.83
|
6964.22
|
6868.38
|
6820.79
|
6697.63
|
6645.43
|
6181.25
|
6031.46
|
||
Entropy
|
0.77
|
0.75
|
0.77
|
0.83
|
0.65
|
0.64
|
0.76
|
0.75
|
||
VLMR
p value
|
<0.001
|
0.05
|
<0.001
|
0.56
|
<0.001
|
0.007
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
||
Bootstrap
p value
|
<0.001
|
0.06
|
<0.001
|
0.57
|
<0.001
|
0.008
|
<0.001
|
<0.001
|
Class 1
(high and stable;
N = 363)
|
Class 2
(moderate and decreasing;
N = 311)
|
Class 3
(low and decreasing;
N = 129)
|
|
---|---|---|---|
Average probability of class membership
|
0.94
|
0.83
|
0.85
|
Latent variable means
|
|||
Intercept mean
|
2.78***
|
2.09***
|
1.41***
|
Slope mean
|
−0.002
|
−0.15***
|
−0.08***
|
Latent variable covariances
|
|||
Intercept variance
|
0.31***
|
0.16***
|
0.05*
|
Slope variance
|
0.05**
|
0.01*
|
0.00
|
Intercept-slope covariance
|
−0.09**
|
−0.03**
|
−0.01
|
Residual variance
|
0.64***
|
0.12***
|
0.02***
|
Precursors of Developmental Trajectories of Cognitive Distortions
Manual 3-step approach
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Low and decreasing CDs
a
|
High and stable CDs
a
|
|||
Predictors
|
Est.
|
OR
|
Est.
|
OR
|
Male (vs. female)
|
0.20
|
1.22
|
−1.08***
|
2.94
|
ECV (T1)
|
0.24
|
1.27
|
1.38***
|
3.97
|
EC (T1)
|
1.92***
|
6.82
|
−2.65***
|
14.15
|
Social desirability
|
0.28
|
1.32
|
0.34
|
1.40
|