Top

Gepubliceerd in:

11-12-2015 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Effects of Mindfulness Training on Cognition and Well-Being in Healthy Older Adults

Auteurs: Sasha Mallya, Alexandra J. Fiocco

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 2/2016

Abstract

Adults over the age of 65 years are now the fastest growing segment of the Canadian population. Although individual differences exist, aging is commonly associated with impairments in executive function and episodic memory. Previous studies have shown that mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) can improve cognitive function in healthy younger adults, but no studies have yet examined this effect in older adults. The present study investigated the effectiveness of MBSR on improving executive function and episodic memory in older adult as well as its effectiveness in improving perceived stress and well-being. Ninety-seven healthy older adults were randomly assigned to either MBSR (n = 57) or an active control group (n = 40). It was hypothesized that compared with the control group, the MBSR group would display significant improvements in measures of executive function, episodic memory, mindfulness, mood, self-esteem, and quality of life. No clinically meaningful changes were found on any variable. In light of these results, the value of MBSR for this population is discussed.

vorige artikel Mindfulness May Moderate the Relationship Between Intrinsic Motivation and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study

volgende artikel Rasch Analysis of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills

Anderson, N. D., Lau, M. A., Segal, Z. V., & Bishop, S. R. (2007). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and attentional control. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 14, 449–463. doi:10.1002/cpp.544.CrossRef

Anderson-Hanley, C., Arciero, P. J., Brickman, A. M., Nimon, J. P., Okuma, N., Westen, S. C., & Zimmerman, E. A. (2012). Exergaming and older adult cognition. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 42, 109–119. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.016.CrossRefPubMed

Astin, J. A. (1997). Stress reduction through mindfulness meditation: effects on psychological symptomatology, sense of control, and spiritual experiences. Journal of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 66, 97–106. doi:10.1159/000289116.CrossRefPubMed

Azulay, J., Smart, C. M., Mott, T., & Cicerone, K. D. (2012). A pilot study examining the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on symptoms of chronic mild traumatic brain injury/postconcussive syndrome. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 1, 1–9. doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e318250ebda.

Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 10, 125–143. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg015.

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45. doi:10.1177/1073191105283504.CrossRefPubMed

Barry, D., Bates, M. E., & Labouvie, E. (2008). FAS and CFL forms of verbal fluency differ in difficulty: a meta-analytic study. Applied Neuropsychology, 15, 97–106. doi:10.1080/09084280802083863.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bernstein, D. A., Borkovec, T. D., & Hazlett-Stevens, H. (2000). New directions in progressive relaxation training: a guidebook for helping professionals. Westport: Praeger.

Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230–241. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077.

Brayne, C., & Calloway, P. (1990). The association of education and socioeconomic status with the Mini Mental State Examination and the clinical diagnosis of dementia in elderly people. Age & Ageing, 19, 91–96. doi:10.1093/ageing/19.2.91.CrossRef

Breytspraak, L. M., & George, L. K. (1979). Measurement of self-concept and self-esteem in older people: state of the art. Experimental Aging Research, 5, 137–148.CrossRefPubMed

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822.CrossRefPubMed

Burckhardt, C. S., Woods, S. L., Schultz, A. A., & Ziebarth, D. M. (1989). Quality of life of adults with chronic illness: a psychometric study. Research in Nursing & Health, 12, 347–354. doi:10.1002/nur.4770120604.CrossRef

Cahn-Weiner, D. A., Malloy, P. F., Boyle, P. A., Marran, M., & Salloway, S. (2000). Prediction of functional status from neuropsychological tests in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 14, 187–195. doi:10.1076/1385-4046.CrossRefPubMed

Carlson, M. C., Fried, L. P., Xue, Q. L., Bandeen-Roche, K., Zeger, S. L., & Brandt, J. (1999). Association between executive attention and physical functional performance in community-dwelling older women. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 54, S262–S270. doi:10.1093/geronb/54B.5.S262.CrossRefPubMed

Carlson, L. E., Speca, M., Patel, K. D., & Goodey, E. (2003). Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress, and immune parameters in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 571–581. doi:10.1097/01.PSY.0000074003.35911.41.CrossRefPubMed

Chambers, R., Lo, B. C. Y., & Allen, N. B. (2008). The impact of intensive mindfulness training on attentional control, cognitive style and affect. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 32, 303–322. doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9119-0.CrossRef

Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: a review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15, 593–600.CrossRefPubMed

Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 449–464. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.003.CrossRefPubMed

Cohen, S., Kamarch, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385–396.CrossRefPubMed

Crawley, M. J. (2005). Statistics—an introduction using R. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.CrossRef

Deary, I. J., Corley, J., Gow, A. J., Harris, S. E., Houlihan, L. M., Marioni, R. E., Penke, L., Rafnsson, S. B., & Starr, J. M. ( 2009). Age-associated cognitive decline. British Medical Bulletin, 92(1), 135–152.

Eslinger, P. J., Damasio, A. R., & Benton, A. L. (1984). The Iowa screening battery for mental decline. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa.

Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 340–347. doi:10.1162/089892902317361886.CrossRefPubMed

Fisher, L. D., Dixon, D. O., Herson, J., Frankowski, R. K., Hearron, M. S., & Peace, K. E. (1990). Intention to treat in clinical trials. In K. E. Peace (Ed.), Statistical issues in drug research and development (pp. 331–350). New York: Marcel Dekker.

Flanagan, J. C. (1978). A research approach to improving our quality of life. American Psychologist, 33(2), 138–147.CrossRef

Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.CrossRefPubMed

Franzen, M. D., Paul, D., & Iverson, G. L. (1996). Reliability of alternate forms of the Trail Making Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 10, 125–129. doi:10.1080/13854049608406672.CrossRef

Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10, 83–91. doi:10.1037/a0018441.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Grigsby, J., Kaye, K., Baxter, J., Shetterly, S. M., & Jamman, R. F. (1998). Executive cognitive abilities and functional status among community-dwelling older persons in the San Luis Valley health and aging study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 46(5), 590–596.CrossRefPubMed

Hamarat, D. T., Zabrucky, K. M., Steele, D., Matheny, K. B., & Aysan, F. (2001). Perceived stress and coping resource availability as predictors of life satisfaction in young, middle-aged, and older adults. Experimental Aging Research, 27, 181–196. doi:10.1080/036107301750074051.CrossRefPubMed

Heeren, A., Van Broeck, N., & Philippot, P. (2009). The effects of mindfulness on executive processes and autobiographical memory specificity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 403–409. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.017.CrossRefPubMed

Hoaglin, D. C., Iglewicz, B., & Tukey, J. W. (1986). Performance of some resistant rules for outlier labeling. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81(396), 991–999.CrossRef

Jain, S., Shapiro, S. L., Swanick, S., Roesch, S. C., Mills, P. J., Bell, I., & Schwartz, G. E. (2007). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation versus relaxation training: Effects on distress, positive states of mind, rumination, and distraction. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(1), 11–21.

Jha, A. P., Stanley, E. A., Kiyonaga, A., Wong, L., & Gelfand, L. (2010). Examining the protective effects of mindfulness training on working memory capacity and affective experience. Emotion, 10, 54–64. doi:10.1037/a0018438.CrossRefPubMed

Johansson, B., Bjuhr, H., & Rönnbäck, L. (2012). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) improves long-term mental fatigue after stroke or traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 26, 1621–1628. doi:10.3109/02699052.2012.700082.CrossRefPubMed

Josefsson, T., & Broberg, A. (2010). Meditators and non-meditators on sustained and executive attentional performance. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 14, 291–309. doi:10.1080/13674670903578621.CrossRef

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4, 33–47.CrossRefPubMed

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York, NY: Delta Trade Paperbacks.

Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Fletcher, K. E., Pbert, L., & Santorelli, S. F. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149(7), 936–943.CrossRefPubMed

Kemper, S., & McDowd, J. M. (2008). Dimensions of cognitive aging: executive function and verbal fluency. In S. M. Hofer & D. F. Alwin (Eds.), Handbook of cognitive aging: interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 181–192). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

Klatt, M. D., Buckworth, J., & Malarkey, W. B. (2008). Effects of low-dose mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR-ld) on working adults. Health Education & Behavior, 36, 601–614. doi:10.1177/1090198108317627.CrossRef

Lenze, E. J., Hickman, S., Hersheym, T., Wendleton, L., Ly, K., Dixon, D., Dore, P., & Wetherell, J. L. (2014). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for older adults with worry symptoms nad co-occuring cognitive dysfunction. Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(10), 991–1000.

Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., & Loring, D. W. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Lykins, E. L. B., Baer, R. A., & Gottlob, L. R. (2012). Performance-based tests of attention and memory in long-term mindfulness meditators and demographically matched nonmeditators. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36, 103–114. doi:10.1007/s10608-010-9318-y.CrossRef

Martindale, C. (1978). The therapist-as-fixed-effect fallacy in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1526–1530.CrossRefPubMed

Montorio, I., & Izal, M. (1996). The Geriatric Depression Scale: a review of its development and utility. International Psychogeriatrics, 8, 103–112. doi:10.1017/S1041610296002505.CrossRefPubMed

Morone, N. E., Lynch, C. S., Greco, C. M., Tindle, H. A., & Weiner, D. K. (2008). I felt like a new person. The effects of mindfulness meditation on older adults with chronic pain: qualitative analysis of diary entries. Journal of Pain, 9, 841–848. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.003.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Morone, N. E., Rollman, B. L., Moore, C. G., Qin, L., & Weiner, D. K. (2009). A mind-body program for older adults with chronic low back pain: results of a pilot study. Pain Medicine, 10, 1395–1407. doi:10.1111%2Fj.1526-4637.2009.00746.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Moynihan, J. A., Klorman, R., Chapman, B. P., Duberstein, P. R., Brown, K. W., Krasner, M., & Talbot, N. L. (2010). Mindfulness to improve elders’ immune and health status. Psychoneuroimmunology, 24, S13. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.041.

Palta, P., Page, G., Piferi, R. L., Gill, J. M., Hayat, M. J., Connolly, A. B., & Szanton, S. L. (2012). Evaluation of a mindfulness-based intervention program to decrease blood pressure in low-income African-American older adults. Journal of Urban Health, 89, 208–316. doi:10.1007/s11524-01109654-6.CrossRef

Pinto‐Gouveia, J., Duarte, C., Matos, M., & Fráguas, S. (2014). The protective role of self‐compassion in relation to psychopathology symptoms and quality of life in chronic and in cancer patients. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 21, 311–323. doi:10.1002/cpp.1838.CrossRef

Pruessner, J. C., Baldwin, M. W., Dedovic, K., Renwick, R., Mahani, N. K., Lord, C., & Lupien, S. (2005). Self-esteem, locus of control, hippocampal volume, and cortisol regulation in young and old adulthood. NeuroImage, 28, 815–826. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.014.CrossRefPubMed

Rasmusson, D. X., Zonderman, A. B., Kawas, C., & Resnick, S. M. (1998). Effects of age and dementia on the Trail Making Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12, 169–178. doi:10.1076/clin.12.2.169.2005.CrossRef

Reitan, R., & Wolfson, D. (1993). The Halstead–Reitan neuropsychological test battery: theory and clinical interpretation. Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press.

Roselli, F., Tartaglione, B., Federico, F., Lepore, V., Defazio, G., & Livrea, P. (2009). Rate of MMSE score change in Alzheimer’s disease: influence of education and vascular risk factors. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 111, 327–330. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2008.10.006.CrossRefPubMed

Royall, D. R., Palmer, R., Chiodo, L. K., & Polk, M. J. (2004). Declining executive control in normal aging predicts change in functional status: the freedom house study. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 52(3), 346–352.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.

Segal, Z. J., Williams, M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for depression: a new approach to preventing relapses. New York: Guildford Press.

Shapiro, S. L., Schwartz, G. E., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(6), 581–599.

Shapiro, S. L., Brown, K. W., & Biegel, G. M. (2007). Teaching self-care to caregivers: effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on the mental health of therapists in training. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 1, 105–115. doi:10.1037/1931-3918.1.2.105.CrossRef

Speca, M., Carlson, L. E., Goodey, E., & Angen, M. (2000). A randomized, waitlist controlled clinical trial: the effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(5), 613–622.CrossRefPubMed

Steinberg, B. A., Bieliauskas, L. A., Smith, G. E., & Ivnik, R. J. (2005). Mayo’s older Americans normative studies: age- and IQ-adjusted norms for the Trail-Making Test, the Stroop test, and MAE controlled oral word association test. The Clinical Neuropsychologst, 19, 329–377. doi:10.1080/13854040590945210.CrossRef

Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643–662. doi:10.1037/h0054651.CrossRef

Thompson, L. W., Gallagher, D., & Breckenridge, J. S. (1987). Comparative effectiveness of psychotherapies for depressed elders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 385–390. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.55.3.385.CrossRefPubMed

Tombaugh, T. N. (2004). Trail Making Test A and B: normative data stratified by age and education. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 203–214. doi:10.1016/S0887-6177(03)00039-8.CrossRefPubMed

Tombaugh, T. N., & McIntyre, N. J. (1992). The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40(9), 922–935.CrossRefPubMed

Van Dam, N. T., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 123–130. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.011.CrossRefPubMed

Wang, L., Van Belle, G., Kukull, W. B., & Larson, E. B. (2002). Predictors of functional change: a longitudinal study of nondemented people aged 65 and older. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50(9), 1525–1534.

Wenk-Sormaz, H. (2005). Meditation can reduce habitual responding. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine, 21(3–4), 33–49.PubMed

Wiltsey-Stirman, S. W., Monson, C. M., & Resick, P. (2013). Cognitive processing therapy: therapist adherence and competence protocol. Unpublished manuscript.

Yaffe, K., Fiocco, A. J., Lindquist, K., Vittinghoff, E., Simonsick, E. M., Newman, A. B., & Harris, T. B. (2009). Predictors of maintaining cognitive function in older adults: the Health ABC Study. Neurology, 72, 2029–2035. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a92c36.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1983). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 37–49. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4.CrossRef

Young, L., & Baime, M. (2010). Mindfulness-based stress reduction: effect on emotional distress in older adults. Complementary Health Practice Review, 15, 59–64. doi:10.1177/1533210110387687.

Titel: Effects of Mindfulness Training on Cognition and Well-Being in Healthy Older Adults
Auteurs: Sasha Mallya
Alexandra J. Fiocco
Publicatiedatum: 11-12-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 2/2016
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0468-6

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2016

Pilot Study of a Mindfulness-Based Group Intervention for Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease and Their Caregivers

Why Do People Practice Mindfulness? An Investigation into Reasons for Practicing Mindfulness Meditation

Meditation Awareness Training for Individuals with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Participants’ Experiences

Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Older Adults: a Review of the Effects on Physical and Emotional Well-Being

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Restless Legs Syndrome: a Proof of Concept Trial

Still Exploring the Middle Path: a Response to Commentaries