Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2019

07-07-2018 | Original Article

Economic Pressure and Loneliness in Migrant Children in China: The Mediating Roles of Parent–Child Communication and Parental Warmth

Auteurs: Liuhua Ying, Qing Yan, Xin Shen, Xuji Jia, Chongde Lin

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 1/2019

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to examine the mediating roles of parent–child communication and parental warmth in the relationship between economic pressure and loneliness in a sample of migrant children in China. A total of 437 participants were selected from two public schools for migrant children in Zhejiang Province, China. All participants were asked to complete four measures, including the Perceived Economic Strain Scale, the Parent–Child Communication Questionnaire, the Parental Warmth Scale, and the Children’s Loneliness Scale. The results showed that economic pressure was positively and directly related to loneliness. Furthermore, parent–child communication and parental warmth partially mediated the relationship between economic pressure and loneliness in migrant children. Thus, parent–child communication and parental warmth play important roles in reducing the negative effect of economic pressure on loneliness in migrant children.
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Lall SV, Selod H, Shalizi Z (2006) Rural-urban migration in developing countries: A survey of theoretical predictions and empirical findings. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3915. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=920498 Lall SV, Selod H, Shalizi Z (2006) Rural-urban migration in developing countries: A survey of theoretical predictions and empirical findings. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3915. Available at SSRN: https://​ssrn.​com/​abstract=​920498
2.
go back to reference Deshingkar P, Akter S (2009) Migration and human development in India (Human Development Research Paper 2009/13). United Nations Development Programme, New York Deshingkar P, Akter S (2009) Migration and human development in India (Human Development Research Paper 2009/13). United Nations Development Programme, New York
3.
go back to reference Manning C, Meng X (2010) The great migration in China and Indonesia: trends and institutions. In: Meng X, Manning C, Shi L, Effendi TN (eds) The great migration: rural-urban migration in China and Indonesia. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham Manning C, Meng X (2010) The great migration in China and Indonesia: trends and institutions. In: Meng X, Manning C, Shi L, Effendi TN (eds) The great migration: rural-urban migration in China and Indonesia. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham
5.
go back to reference Fang L, Sun RCF, Yuen M (2016) Acculturation, economic stress, social relationships and school satisfaction among migrant children in urban China. J Happiness Stud 17:507–531CrossRef Fang L, Sun RCF, Yuen M (2016) Acculturation, economic stress, social relationships and school satisfaction among migrant children in urban China. J Happiness Stud 17:507–531CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Chen B (2014) Rural-to-urban migrant children’s behaviors and adaptation within migration social contexts in China. In: Dimitrova R, Bender M, van de Vijver F (eds) Global perspectives on wellbeing in immigrant families. Springer, New York, pp 75–94CrossRef Chen B (2014) Rural-to-urban migrant children’s behaviors and adaptation within migration social contexts in China. In: Dimitrova R, Bender M, van de Vijver F (eds) Global perspectives on wellbeing in immigrant families. Springer, New York, pp 75–94CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Jia X, Liu X (2017) Perceived discrimination and antisocial behavior among Chinese rural-to-urban migrant adolescents: mediating effects of social support. Int J Psychol 52:327–335CrossRefPubMed Jia X, Liu X (2017) Perceived discrimination and antisocial behavior among Chinese rural-to-urban migrant adolescents: mediating effects of social support. Int J Psychol 52:327–335CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Li X, Stanton B, Fang X, Lin D (2006) Social stigma and mental health among rural-to-urban migrants in china: a conceptual framework and future research needs. World Health Popul 8:14–31CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Li X, Stanton B, Fang X, Lin D (2006) Social stigma and mental health among rural-to-urban migrants in china: a conceptual framework and future research needs. World Health Popul 8:14–31CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
go back to reference Wang L, Mesman J (2015) Child development in the face of rural-to-urban migration in china: a meta-analytic review. Perspect Psychol Sci 10:813–831CrossRefPubMed Wang L, Mesman J (2015) Child development in the face of rural-to-urban migration in china: a meta-analytic review. Perspect Psychol Sci 10:813–831CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Conger R, Conger K, Elder G, Lorenz F, Simons RL, Whitbeck LB (1992) A family process model of economic hardship and adolescent adjustment of early adolescent boys. Hum Dev 63:526–541 Conger R, Conger K, Elder G, Lorenz F, Simons RL, Whitbeck LB (1992) A family process model of economic hardship and adolescent adjustment of early adolescent boys. Hum Dev 63:526–541
11.
go back to reference Conger RD, Donellan MB (2007) An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development. Annu Rev Psychol 58:175–199CrossRefPubMed Conger RD, Donellan MB (2007) An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development. Annu Rev Psychol 58:175–199CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Masarik AS, Conger RD (2017) Stress and child development: a review of the family stress model. Curr Opin Psychol 13:85–90CrossRefPubMed Masarik AS, Conger RD (2017) Stress and child development: a review of the family stress model. Curr Opin Psychol 13:85–90CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Liu D, Yu X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ren G (2014) The impact of perception of discrimination and sense of belonging on the loneliness of the children of Chinese migrant workers: a structural equation modeling analysis. Int J Ment Health Syst 8:52CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Liu D, Yu X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ren G (2014) The impact of perception of discrimination and sense of belonging on the loneliness of the children of Chinese migrant workers: a structural equation modeling analysis. Int J Ment Health Syst 8:52CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
go back to reference Lu Y, Zhao T (2013) Academic achievement and loneliness of migrant children in China: school segregation and segmented assimilation. Comp Educ Rev 57:85–116CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lu Y, Zhao T (2013) Academic achievement and loneliness of migrant children in China: school segregation and segmented assimilation. Comp Educ Rev 57:85–116CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Peplau LA, Perlman D (1982) Loneliness: a sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy. Wiley, New York Peplau LA, Perlman D (1982) Loneliness: a sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy. Wiley, New York
16.
go back to reference Burke TJ, Woszidlo A, Segrin C (2012) Social skills, family conflict, and loneliness in families. Commun Rep 25:75–87CrossRef Burke TJ, Woszidlo A, Segrin C (2012) Social skills, family conflict, and loneliness in families. Commun Rep 25:75–87CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Feeney JA (2006) Parental attachment and conflict behavior: Implications for offspring’s attachment, loneliness, and relationship satisfaction. Pers Relatsh 13:19–36CrossRef Feeney JA (2006) Parental attachment and conflict behavior: Implications for offspring’s attachment, loneliness, and relationship satisfaction. Pers Relatsh 13:19–36CrossRef
18.
19.
go back to reference McLoyd VC (1990) The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Dev 61:311–346CrossRefPubMed McLoyd VC (1990) The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Dev 61:311–346CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Munz EA (2015) Parent-child communication. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. 1–5 Munz EA (2015) Parent-child communication. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. 1–5
21.
go back to reference Solomon SM (2000) Childhood loneliness: implications and intervention considerations for family therapists. Fam J 8(2):161–164CrossRef Solomon SM (2000) Childhood loneliness: implications and intervention considerations for family therapists. Fam J 8(2):161–164CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Su S, Li X, Lin D, Xu X, Zhu M (2013) Psychological adjustment among left-behind children in rural China: the role of parental migration and parent-child communication. Child Care Health Dev 39:162–170CrossRefPubMed Su S, Li X, Lin D, Xu X, Zhu M (2013) Psychological adjustment among left-behind children in rural China: the role of parental migration and parent-child communication. Child Care Health Dev 39:162–170CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Rodriguez EM, Nichols SR, Javdani S, Emerson E, Donenberg GR (2015) Economic hardship, parent positive communication and mental health in urban adolescents seeking outpatient psychiatric care. J Child Fam Stud 24:617–627CrossRefPubMed Rodriguez EM, Nichols SR, Javdani S, Emerson E, Donenberg GR (2015) Economic hardship, parent positive communication and mental health in urban adolescents seeking outpatient psychiatric care. J Child Fam Stud 24:617–627CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Davidson S, Adams J (2013) Adversity and internalizing problems among rural Chinese adolescents: the roles of parents and teachers. Int J Behav Dev 37:530–541CrossRef Davidson S, Adams J (2013) Adversity and internalizing problems among rural Chinese adolescents: the roles of parents and teachers. Int J Behav Dev 37:530–541CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Greenberger E, Chen C, Tally S, Dong Q (2000) Family, peer, and individual correlates of depressive symptomatolgy in U.S. and Chinese adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 68:209–219CrossRefPubMed Greenberger E, Chen C, Tally S, Dong Q (2000) Family, peer, and individual correlates of depressive symptomatolgy in U.S. and Chinese adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 68:209–219CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Pettit GS, Bates JE, Dodge KA (1997) Supportive parenting, ecological context, and children’s adjustment: a sever-year longitudinal study. Child Dev 68:908–923PubMed Pettit GS, Bates JE, Dodge KA (1997) Supportive parenting, ecological context, and children’s adjustment: a sever-year longitudinal study. Child Dev 68:908–923PubMed
27.
go back to reference Jackson T (2007) Protective self-presentation, sources of socialization, and loneliness among Australian adolescents and young adults. Pers Individ Differ 43:1552–1562CrossRef Jackson T (2007) Protective self-presentation, sources of socialization, and loneliness among Australian adolescents and young adults. Pers Individ Differ 43:1552–1562CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Rotenberg KJ (1999) Parental antecedents of children’s loneliness. In: Rotenberg KJ, Hymel S (eds) Loneliness in childhood and adolescence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 176–200CrossRef Rotenberg KJ (1999) Parental antecedents of children’s loneliness. In: Rotenberg KJ, Hymel S (eds) Loneliness in childhood and adolescence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 176–200CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Stickley A, Koyanagi A, Koposov R, Blatny M, Hrdlicka M, Schwab-Stone M, Ruchkin V (2016) Loneliness and its association with psychological and somatic health problems among Czech, Russian and U.S. adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 16:128–139CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Stickley A, Koyanagi A, Koposov R, Blatny M, Hrdlicka M, Schwab-Stone M, Ruchkin V (2016) Loneliness and its association with psychological and somatic health problems among Czech, Russian and U.S. adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 16:128–139CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
30.
go back to reference Wang M, Zhou Z (2015) Influence of parental warmth on adolescents’ loneliness: analysis of multiple mediation effect. Psychol Explor 35:41–44 Wang M, Zhou Z (2015) Influence of parental warmth on adolescents’ loneliness: analysis of multiple mediation effect. Psychol Explor 35:41–44
31.
go back to reference Mistry RS, Lowe ED, Benner AD, Chien N (2008) Expanding the family economic stress model: insights from a mixed-methods approach. J Marriage Fam 70:196–209CrossRef Mistry RS, Lowe ED, Benner AD, Chien N (2008) Expanding the family economic stress model: insights from a mixed-methods approach. J Marriage Fam 70:196–209CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Dong Q, Lin C (2011) Brief introduction of standardized test of psychological development of Chinese children. Science Press, Beijing Dong Q, Lin C (2011) Brief introduction of standardized test of psychological development of Chinese children. Science Press, Beijing
33.
go back to reference Yang X, Zou H (2008) Characteristics of parent-adolescent communication. Psychol Dev Educ 24:49–54 Yang X, Zou H (2008) Characteristics of parent-adolescent communication. Psychol Dev Educ 24:49–54
34.
go back to reference Fang X, Dai L, Fang C, Deng L (2006) The relationship between parent-adolescent communication problems and adolescents social adjustments. Psychol Dev Educ 22:47–52 Fang X, Dai L, Fang C, Deng L (2006) The relationship between parent-adolescent communication problems and adolescents social adjustments. Psychol Dev Educ 22:47–52
35.
go back to reference Asher SR, Hymel S, Renshaw PD (1984) Loneliness in children. Child Dev 55:1456–1464CrossRef Asher SR, Hymel S, Renshaw PD (1984) Loneliness in children. Child Dev 55:1456–1464CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Hu L, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model 6:1–55CrossRef Hu L, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model 6:1–55CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Tucker LR, Lewis C (1973) A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika 38:1–10CrossRef Tucker LR, Lewis C (1973) A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika 38:1–10CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Bentler PM (1990) Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychol Bull 170:238–246CrossRef Bentler PM (1990) Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychol Bull 170:238–246CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Steiger JH (1980) Test for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychol Bull 87:245–251CrossRef Steiger JH (1980) Test for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychol Bull 87:245–251CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Steiger JH, Shapiro A, Browne MW (1985) On the multivariate asymptotic distribution of sequential chi-square statistics. Psychometrika 50:253–263CrossRef Steiger JH, Shapiro A, Browne MW (1985) On the multivariate asymptotic distribution of sequential chi-square statistics. Psychometrika 50:253–263CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Cheung GW, Rensvold RB (2002) Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model 9:233–255CrossRef Cheung GW, Rensvold RB (2002) Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model 9:233–255CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Chen FE (2007) Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model 14:464–504CrossRef Chen FE (2007) Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct Equ Model 14:464–504CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Hayes AF, Scharkow M (2013) The relative trustworthiness of inferential tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis does method really matter. Psychol Sci 24:1918–1927CrossRefPubMed Hayes AF, Scharkow M (2013) The relative trustworthiness of inferential tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis does method really matter. Psychol Sci 24:1918–1927CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2008) Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 40:879–891CrossRef Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2008) Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 40:879–891CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Williams J, MacKinnon DP (2008) Resampling and distribution of the product methods for testing indirect effects in complex models. Struct Equ Modeling 15:23–51CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Williams J, MacKinnon DP (2008) Resampling and distribution of the product methods for testing indirect effects in complex models. Struct Equ Modeling 15:23–51CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
go back to reference Bradley E, Tibshirani RJ (1985) The bootstrap method for assessing statistical accuracy. Behaviormetrika 17:1–35 Bradley E, Tibshirani RJ (1985) The bootstrap method for assessing statistical accuracy. Behaviormetrika 17:1–35
47.
go back to reference Weston R, Gore PA (2006) A brief guide to structural equation modeling. Couns Psychol 34:719–751CrossRef Weston R, Gore PA (2006) A brief guide to structural equation modeling. Couns Psychol 34:719–751CrossRef
48.
go back to reference Urquiza A, Timmer S (2014) Parent-child interaction therapy for maltreated children. In: Timmer S, Urquiza A (eds) Evidence based approaches for the treatment of maltreated children: considering core components and treatment effectiveness, vol 3, 1st edn. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 123–144CrossRef Urquiza A, Timmer S (2014) Parent-child interaction therapy for maltreated children. In: Timmer S, Urquiza A (eds) Evidence based approaches for the treatment of maltreated children: considering core components and treatment effectiveness, vol 3, 1st edn. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 123–144CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Chen L, Liu Y (2012) The characteristics of migrant children’s communication with their parents and its relationship with migrant children’s mental health. Chin J Spec Educ 1:58–63 Chen L, Liu Y (2012) The characteristics of migrant children’s communication with their parents and its relationship with migrant children’s mental health. Chin J Spec Educ 1:58–63
51.
go back to reference Dykas MJ, Ziv Y, Cassidy J (2008) Attachment and peer relationship in adolescence. Attach Hum Dev 10:123–141CrossRefPubMed Dykas MJ, Ziv Y, Cassidy J (2008) Attachment and peer relationship in adolescence. Attach Hum Dev 10:123–141CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Mistry RS, Vandewater EA, Huston AC, McLoyd VC (2002) Economic well-being and children’s social adjustment: the role of family process in an ethnically diverse low-income sample. Child Dev 73:935–951CrossRefPubMed Mistry RS, Vandewater EA, Huston AC, McLoyd VC (2002) Economic well-being and children’s social adjustment: the role of family process in an ethnically diverse low-income sample. Child Dev 73:935–951CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Duan C, Lv L, Wang Z (2014) Research on left-behind children’s home education and school education. Peking Univ Educ Rev 12:13–29 Duan C, Lv L, Wang Z (2014) Research on left-behind children’s home education and school education. Peking Univ Educ Rev 12:13–29
54.
go back to reference Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Lee JY, Podsakoff NP (2003) Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J Appl Psychol 88:879–903CrossRefPubMed Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Lee JY, Podsakoff NP (2003) Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J Appl Psychol 88:879–903CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Lodder GMA, Goossens L, Scholte RHJ, Engels RCME, Verhagen M (2016) Adolescent loneliness and social skills: agreementand discrepancies between self-, meta-, and peer-evaluations. J Youth Adolesc 45:2406–2416CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lodder GMA, Goossens L, Scholte RHJ, Engels RCME, Verhagen M (2016) Adolescent loneliness and social skills: agreementand discrepancies between self-, meta-, and peer-evaluations. J Youth Adolesc 45:2406–2416CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
56.
go back to reference Spithoven AWM, Lodder GMA, Goossens L, Rijttebier P, Bastin M, Verhagen M, Scholte RHJ (2017) Adolescents’ loneliness and depression associated with friendship experiences and well-being: a person-centered approach. J Youth Adolescence 46:429–441CrossRef Spithoven AWM, Lodder GMA, Goossens L, Rijttebier P, Bastin M, Verhagen M, Scholte RHJ (2017) Adolescents’ loneliness and depression associated with friendship experiences and well-being: a person-centered approach. J Youth Adolescence 46:429–441CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Ucanok Z, Gure AE (2014) Perceived economic strain and psychological well-being: the mediational role of parental relations in Turkish early adolescents. J Early Adolesc 34:685–711CrossRef Ucanok Z, Gure AE (2014) Perceived economic strain and psychological well-being: the mediational role of parental relations in Turkish early adolescents. J Early Adolesc 34:685–711CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Mcgrath H, Noble T (2010) Supporting positive pupil relationships: research to practice. Edu Child Psychol 27:79–89 Mcgrath H, Noble T (2010) Supporting positive pupil relationships: research to practice. Edu Child Psychol 27:79–89
59.
go back to reference Wong DFK, Leung G (2008) The functions of social support in the mental health of male and female migrant workers in China. Health Soc Work 33:275–285CrossRefPubMed Wong DFK, Leung G (2008) The functions of social support in the mental health of male and female migrant workers in China. Health Soc Work 33:275–285CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Zhao F, Yu G (2016) Parental migration and rural left-behind children’s mental health in China: a meta-analysis based on mental health test. J Child Fam Stud 25:3462–3472CrossRef Zhao F, Yu G (2016) Parental migration and rural left-behind children’s mental health in China: a meta-analysis based on mental health test. J Child Fam Stud 25:3462–3472CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Economic Pressure and Loneliness in Migrant Children in China: The Mediating Roles of Parent–Child Communication and Parental Warmth
Auteurs
Liuhua Ying
Qing Yan
Xin Shen
Xuji Jia
Chongde Lin
Publicatiedatum
07-07-2018
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-018-0827-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2019

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 1/2019 Naar de uitgave