An IRT Investigation of the Validity of Non-Patient Analogue Research Using the Beck Depression Inventory
Abstract
This paper presents an IRT analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory which was carried out to assess the assumption of an underlying latent trait common to non-clinical and patient samples. A one parameter rating scale model was fitted to data drawn from a patient and non-patient sample. Findings suggest that while the BDI fits the model reasonably well for the two samples separately there is sufficient differential item functioning to raise serious duobts of the viability of using it analogously with patient and non-patient groups.
References
1978a A rating formulation for ordered response categories Psychometrika 43 561 573
1978b A binomial latent trait model for the study of Likert-style attitude questionnaires British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 31 84 98
1989 The General Health Questionnaire: A psychometric analysis using latent trait theory Psychological Medicine 19 469 485
1984 The scientist practitioner London: Pergamon Press
1967 Depression: Causes and treatment Philadelphia: Philadelphia University Press
1974 Assessment of depression: The depression inventory In P. Pichot (Ed.) Modern problems in psychopharmacology. Basel: Karger
1968 Some latent trait models and their use in inferring an examinee's ability In F.M. Lord, and M.R. Novick (Eds.) Statistical theories of mental test scores. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
1980 Two measures of depressive cognitions:Their Association with depression and with each other Journal of Abnormal Psychology 5 678 682
1990 Etude psychometrique de l'Echelle de depression geriatrique Canadian Journal on Aging 9 348 355
1986 Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory in a Dutch college population Psychological Reports 58 696 698
1985 Self-report measures of depression: some Psychometric considerations British Journal of Clinical Psychology 24 45 59
1978 Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory in a university population using psychiatric estimate as the criterion Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 46 150 155
1989 The assessment of motional reactivity: A scale development and validation study Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 11 313 325
1983 The role of cognition in depression: A critical appraisal Psychology Bulletin 94 472 505
1966 The dimensionality of clinical depression Australian Journal of Psychology 18 18 25
1983 Cognitive assessment of depression: Reliability and validity of 3 measures Journal of Abnormal Psychology 92 107 109
1986 Assessment of depression: A comparison of rating scales Journal of Affective Diseases 11 245 253
1941 The factorial interpretation of test difficulty Psychometrika 6 323 329
1977 Some probabilistic models for the description of attitudinal and behavioural changes under the influence of mass media communication In W.F. Kempf, and B.F. Repp (Eds.) Mathematical models for social psychology. Bern: Huber
1979 A Factor Analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory in a mildly depressed population Journal of Clinical Psychology 35 322 325
1984 Depression and general psychopathology in university students Journal of Abnormal Psychology 93 19 30
1978 Developments in latent trait theory, models, technical issues and applications Review of Educational Research 48 467 510
1987 The item structure of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire across method and culture Personality and Individual Differences 8 541 549
1988 The Psychometric Analysis Package (PAP): A program for IBM compatible computers Department of Psychology. University of Surrey
1992 Point symmetry adjustment of Phi-coefficients in the factor analysis of psychometric test items Personality and Individual Differences 13 211 219
1985 Methodological review: Assessing unidimensionality of tests and items Applied Psychological Measurement 9 139 164
1983 Classifying college students as depressed or nondepressed using the Beck Depression Inventory: An empirical analysis Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 51 360 366
1986 What does the Beck Depression Inventory measure in students Personality and Individual Differences 7 39 47
1978 Evaluating the generality of findings in analogue therapy research Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 46 673 686
1982 A comparison of depression rating scales British Journal of Psychiatry 141 45 49
1979 Assessment of cognitive bias in depression Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88 611 619
1980 Applications of item response theory to practical testing problems Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum
1974 Difficulty factors in binary data British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 27 82 99
1983 An application of a multidimensional extension of the two parameter logistic latent trait model American College testing Program. Report ONR83-3
1990 Die Carroll Scale for Depression: Deutsche Fassung und Validierung Psychiatrie Neurologie und Medizinische Psychologie 42, 340 347
1971 A theory and procedure of scale analysis Mouton: Den Haag
1984 Depression as measured by DSM-III and the Beck Depression Inventory in an Unselected Adult Population Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 52 892 898
1983 Test item bias California: Sage
1988 Bias resulting from the Use of Indexes: An application to Attributional Style and Depression Psychology Bulletin 103 95 104
1964 Analyse de la symptomatology depressive subjective Review of Psychology 16 103 115
1988 The area between two item characteristic curves Psychometrika 53 495 502
1960 Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests Copenhagen: Danish Institute for Educational Research
1978 Expectations of Success and Anagram Performance of Depressives in a Public and Private Setting Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87 122 130
1974 Normal ogive model for the continuous response level in the multidimensional latent space Psychometrika 39 111 121
1979 Depressive attributional style Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88 242 247
1990 Reliability and factorial structure of the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory Journal of Clinical Psychology 46 35 43
1985 Validity of approximation techniques for detecting item bias Journal of Educational Measurement 22 77 105
1986 Reliabilities and concurrent validities of popular self-report measures of depression, anxiety and social desirability Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 54 No.3, 328 333
1989 What does the Beck Depression Inventory measure in college students? Evidence from a non-western culture Journal of Clinical Psychology 45 290 299
1986 A taxonomy of item response models Psychometrika 51 567 577
1986 Beyond group-mean differences: The concept of item bias Psychology Bulletin 99 118 128
1983 Multiple replication of factor structure: A logical solution for a number of factors solution Multivariate Behavioural Research 20 57 67
1987 A social support measure: PRQ85 Nursing Research 36 273 277
1990 The replicable dimensions of the Beck Depression Inventory Journal of Clinical Psychology 46 817 827
1982 Rating scale analysis Chicago: MESA Press
1976 Detecting and correcting item bias with a logistic response model Research Memorandum No.22. Chicago: University of Chicago, Statistical Laboratory, Department of Education
1965 A self-rating depression scale Archives of General Psychiatry 12 63 70