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Originalia

SHAME–Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung positiver und negativer Aspekte von Scham

Published Online:November 12, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000228

Abstract

Hintergrund: Scham wird mit unterschiedlichen psychischen Störungen, insbesondere mit der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS), aber auch mit der Einhaltung sozialer Normen und der Selbstregulation in Zusammenhang gebracht. Fragestellung: Können mit einem Instrument positive wie negative Schamaspekte erfasst werden? Methode: Ein Fragebogen (SHAME) wurde entwickelt, der körperliche und kognitive Scham als adaptive sowie existenzielle Scham als pathologisch-dysfunktionale Subskala konzipiert und itemanalytisch (Stichprobe 1) überprüft, sowie an Gesunden (Stichprobe 2) und BPS-Patientinnen (Stichprobe 3) getestet. Ergebnisse: In einer Validierungsstudie (N= 506, Stichprobe 2) weist der SHAME gute Reliabilität sowie eine stabile Faktorstruktur auf. Frauen berichteten insgesamt höhere Schamwerte als Männer. Im Vergleich zu gesunden Frauen erreichten BPS-Patientinnen insgesamt und insbesondere hinsichtlich existenzieller Scham höhere Werte. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Fragebogen SHAME erscheint geeignet für die Erfassung verschiedener Schamaspekte. Dabei kann durch existenzielle Scham ein dysfunktionaler Schamaspekt abgebildet werden, wohingegen die mittleren Ausprägungen körperlicher und kognitiver Scham in Stichprobe zwei auf funktionale Aspekte hindeuten.


SHAME–Development of a questionnaire capturing positive and negative aspects of shame

Background: Shame is connected to different mental disorders, but seems to have a positive impact on the acceptance of social norms and self-regulation. Notably, shame is a relevant emotion for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Objective: Can one instrument assess positive and negative aspects of shame? Methods: Based on scientific literature, the questionnaire SHAME was developed. An item analysis was conducted (Sample 1) and the questionnaire was tested with a community sample (Sample 2) and BPD patients (Sample 3). It includes bodily and cognitive shame as adaptive subscales and existential shame, developed to measure pathological-dysfunctional shame. Results: A validation study (N = 506) showed good reliability and stable factor structure. Women reached an overall higher shame level than men. Overall and especially concerning existential shame, a significant difference appeared between healthy women and female BPD patients. Conclusions: The idea of existential shame as a maladaptive aspect of shame is underpinned. The moderate scores of bodily and cognitive shame in Sample 2 support their meaning as functional aspects of shame.

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