Selbst und Körper in der Depression
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Moderne, bildgebende Verfahren wie die funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) haben sich zu einem populären Instrument der neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung entwickelt, um die Gehirnaktivität von gesunden Probanden und auch psychiatrischen Patienten zu untersuchen, während sie eine bestimmte mentale Aufgabe durchführen. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, dass bereits die neuronale Ruheaktivität von gesunden und depressiven Patienten signifikante Unterschiede zeigt, d. h. während sie sich in einem wachen und entspannten Zustand befinden, ohne aber eine kognitive Aufgabe zu erfüllen. Die erhöhte Ruheaktivität von depressiven Patienten wirkt sich ebenfalls auf die neuronale Verarbeitung anderer Stimuli aus. Dieses betrifft sowohl das Prozessieren von exterozeptiven Stimuli (z. B. emotionale oder selbstreferenzielle Bilder) als auch das Prozessieren von körpereigenen (interozeptiven) Stimuli, worauf im Folgenden näher eingegangen werden soll.
Abstract.Modern neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have become a popular instrument in the field of neuroscientific research to investigate neuronal activity in healthy and psychiatric subjects while performing specific mental tasks. In addition to task-related responses, it has also been shown in recent years that the neuronal activity during rest (i. e., an awake and relaxed state in the absence of an active task) shows significant differences between healthy and depressed subjects. In the case of depressed patients, the increased resting-state activity that has been observed would seem to affect the neuronal processing of other stimuli. This relates to the processing of exteroceptive stimuli (e. g. emotional or self-related pictures) as well as interoceptive (body-related) stimuli, both of which will be described in the following article.
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