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Übersichtsarbeiten/Overview articles

Was wird aus Kindern und Jugendlichen mit psychischen Störungen?

Ergebnisse der Langzeitforschung

1Nach einem Vortrag auf dem XXXIII. DGKJP-Kongress, Rostock, 9.3.2013.

Published Online:November 14, 2013https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000258

Abstract

Die Erforschung der Langzeiteffekte von psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Entwicklungspsychopathologie. Nach einer kurzen Skizze der relevanten Begriffe, die in der Verlaufsforschung bedeutsam sind, werden in einem ersten Teil Ergebnisse zum Verlauf heterotyper (diagnostisch heterogener) klinischer Kohortenstudien dargestellt. Im umfangreicheren zweiten Teil werden die Befunde aus Langzeituntersuchungen an homotypen (homogenen) Diagnosegruppen zusammengefasst. Im Einzelnen werden Langzeitbefunde zum Verlauf und zur Prognose von ADHS, Angststörungen, Depression, Störungen des Sozialverhaltens, Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen, Schizophrenie und selektivem Mutismus referiert. Die Befunde stellen in erster Linie eine Bestätigung der Vulnerabilitätshypothese dar, welche in früh manifesten Störungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters häufig die Vorläufer von psychischen Störungen im Erwachsenenalter sieht. Die Diskussion fokussiert auf den Stellenwert früh beginnender Störungen im Rahmen der allgemeinen psychischen Morbidität sowie den noch nicht befriedigend erkennbaren Stellenwert von Interventionen.


What happens to children and adolescents with mental disorders? Findings from long-term outcome research

Research on the long-term outcome of mental disorders originating in childhood and adolescence is an important part of developmental psychopathology. After a brief sketch of relevant terms of outcome research, the first part of this review reports findings based on heterotypic cohort studies. The major second part of this review presents findings based on long-term outcome studies dealing with homotypic diagnostic groups. In particular, the review focuses on the course and prognosis of ADHD, anxiety disorders, depression, conduct disorders, eating disorders, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and selective mutism. Findings mainly support the vulnerability hypothesis regarding mental disorders with early manifestation in childhood and adolescence as frequent precursors of mental disorders in adulthood. The discussion focuses on the impact of early manifesting disorders in the frame of general mental morbidity and of the effect of interventions, which is not yet sufficiently discernible.

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