Introduction
Data and methodology
Sampling strategy
Measures
Variable | Descriptive statistics | Discriminatory power | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Min | Max | Category | Percentage | Mean ICECAP-O | |
ICECAP-O | 0.81 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 1.00 | |||
Age | 75.08 | 4.97 | 70.00 | 96.00 | ≤ 75.08 | 62.02 | 0.81 |
> 75.08 | 37.98 | 0.81 | |||||
Gender | Female | 46.32 | 0.81 | ||||
Male | 53.68 | 0.82 | |||||
Education | None or primary | 11.05 | 0.78 | ||||
Secondary school | 39.53 | 0.82 | |||||
Further education college or university | 49.42 | 0.81 | |||||
Household income | ≤ £1599-gross per month | 54.26 | 0.79*** | ||||
> £1599-gross per month | 45.74 | 0.84 | |||||
Making ends meet | With great difficulty | 4.26 | 0.72*** | ||||
With some difficulty | 26.16 | 0.77 | |||||
Fairly easy | 42.25 | 0.83 | |||||
Easily | 27.33 | 0.84 | |||||
Comorbidity | 1.46 | 1.24 | 0.00 | 7.00 | ≤ 1.46 | 59.69 | 0.84*** |
> 1.46 | 40.31 | 0.77 | |||||
OPQOL-13a | 0.76 | 0.14 | 0.31 | 1.00 | ≤ 0.76 | 55.23 | 0.75*** |
(52.32) | (7.35) | (29.00) | (65.00) | > 0.76 | 44.77 | 0.90 | |
SWLSa | 0.63 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ≤ 0.63 | 41.28 | 0.70*** |
(23.97) | (6.68) | (5.00) | (35.00) | > 0.63 | 58.72 | 0.89 | |
Cantril’s Laddera | 0.70 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ≤ 0.70 | 36.24 | 0.70*** |
(6.95) | (1.91) | (0.00) | (10.00) | > 0.70 | 63.76 | 0.88 | |
SHSa | 0.70 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ≤ 0.70 | 44.38 | 0.74*** |
(5.20) | (1.24) | (1.00) | (7.00) | > 0.70 | 55.62 | 0.87 | |
Happiness VASa | 0.74 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ≤ 0.74 | 38.95 | 0.71*** |
(7.42) | (1.82) | (0.00) | (10.00) | > 0.74 | 61.05 | 0.88 | |
EQ-5D-5L | 0.74 | 0.24 | − 0.23 | 1.00 | ≤ 0.74 | 32.75 | 0.69*** |
> 0.74 | 67.25 | 0.87 | |||||
EQ-VASa | 0.66 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ≤ 0.66 | 38.37 | 0.72*** |
(66.44) | (20.78) | (0.00) | (100.00) | > 0.66 | 61.63 | 0.87 | |
Barthel Indexa | 0.90 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 1.00 | ≤ 0.90 | 27.33 | 0.71*** |
(17.99) | (3.08) | (1.00) | (20.00) | > 0.90 | 72.67 | 0.85 | |
GDS-15a | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ≤ 0.26 | 58.33 | 0.89*** |
(3.94) | (3.62) | (0.00) | (15.00) | > 0.26 | 41.67 | 0.71 | |
BLSa | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ≤ 0.28 | 54.65 | 0.88*** |
(4.66) | (1.72) | (3.00) | (9.00) | > 0.28 | 45.35 | 0.74 |
Analytic strategy
Results
Sample characteristics
Dimensionality
ICECAP-O | EQ-5D-5L | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall score | Items | |||||
Mobility | Self-care | Usual activities | Pain/discomfort | Anxiety/depression | ||
Overall score | 0.63*** | 0.49*** | 0.43*** | 0.55*** | 0.38*** | 0.53*** |
(0.65***) | (0.50***) | (0.45***) | (0.57***) | (0.42***) | (0.55***) | |
Items | ||||||
Attachment | 0.25*** | 0.15*** | 0.15*** | 0.15*** | 0.10* | 0.30*** |
(0.26***) | (0.15***) | (0.15***) | (0.16***) | (0.13**) | (0.32***) | |
Security | 0.43*** | 0.27*** | 0.25*** | 0.35*** | 0.26*** | 0.45*** |
(0.46***) | (0.30***) | (0.27***) | (0.38***) | (0.30***) | (0.47***) | |
Role | 0.56*** | 0.47*** | 0.40*** | 0.51*** | 0.33*** | 0.40*** |
(0.58***) | (0.49***) | (0.42***) | (0.53***) | (0.37***) | (0.42***) | |
Enjoyment | 0.52*** | 0.40*** | 0.31*** | 0.43*** | 0.32*** | 0.44*** |
(0.55***) | (0.43***) | (0.34***) | (0.46***) | (0.36***) | (0.46***) | |
Control | 0.62*** | 0.58*** | 0.54*** | 0.63*** | 0.44*** | 0.35*** |
(0.65***) | (0.59***) | (0.55***) | (0.64***) | (0.47***) | (0.37***) |
Uniqueness | Factorsa | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | ||
ICECAP-O | |||
Attachment | 0.72 | 0.63 | |
Security | 0.54 | 0.68 | |
Role | 0.37 | 0.64 | |
Enjoyment | 0.36 | 0.78 | |
Control | 0.40 | 0.58 | |
EQ-5D-5L | |||
Mobility | 0.24 | 0.90 | |
Self-care | 0.42 | 0.76 | |
Usual activities | 0.19 | 0.89 | |
Pain/discomfort | 0.49 | 0.71 | |
Anxiety/depression | 0.65 | 0.55 | |
Proportion of total variance | 0.31 | 0.23 | |
Correlation with factor 1 | 0.59 |
Convergent validity
ICECAP-O | OPQOL-13 | SWLS | Cantril’s Ladder | SHS | Happiness VAS | EQ-5D-5L | EQ-VAS | Barthel Index | GDS-15 | BLS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall score | 0.66*** | 0.72*** | 0.67*** | 0.56*** | 0.61*** | 0.63*** | 0.58*** | 0.39*** | − 0.64*** | − 0.55*** |
(0.68***) | (0.74***) | (0.69***) | (0.57***) | (0.63***) | (0.65***) | (0.60***) | (0.42***) | (− 0.66***) | (− 0.57***) | |
Items | ||||||||||
Attachment | 0.37*** | 0.47*** | 0.40*** | 0.38*** | 0.37*** | 0.25*** | 0.25*** | 0.07 | − 0.32*** | − 0.51*** |
(0.37***) | (0.47***) | (0.40***) | (0.37***) | (0.38***) | (0.26***) | (0.26***) | (0.07) | (− 0.32***) | (− 0.51***) | |
Security | 0.47*** | 0.57*** | 0.48*** | 0.42*** | 0.47*** | 0.43*** | 0.40*** | 0.21*** | − 0.47*** | − 0.36*** |
(0.50***) | (0.59***) | (0.50***) | (0.43***) | (0.48***) | (0.46***) | (0.42***) | (0.23***) | (− 0.49***) | (− 0.38***) | |
Role | 0.56*** | 0.55*** | 0.55*** | 0.45*** | 0.51*** | 0.56*** | 0.51*** | 0.38*** | − 0.52*** | − 0.44*** |
(0.59***) | (0.58***) | (0.58***) | (0.47***) | (0.53***) | (0.58***) | (0.54***) | (0.40***) | (− 0.55***) | (− 0.46***) | |
Enjoyment | 0.58*** | 0.61*** | 0.60*** | 0.50*** | 0.56*** | 0.52*** | 0.49*** | 0.30*** | − 0.55*** | − 0.50*** |
(0.61***) | (0.64***) | (0.63***) | (0.52***) | (0.58***) | (0.55***) | (0.53***) | (0.34***) | (− 0.58***) | (− 0.52***) | |
Control | 0.52*** | 0.48*** | 0.50*** | 0.37*** | 0.41*** | 0.62*** | 0.55*** | 0.49*** | − 0.49*** | − 0.31*** |
(0.55***) | (0.51***) | (0.52***) | (0.39***) | (0.42***) | (0.65***) | (0.58***) | (0.50***) | (− 0.52***) | (− 0.34***) |