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01-01-2008 | Original Article

Does attention impair temporal discrimination? Examining non-attentional accounts

Auteurs: Bettina Rolke, Angela Dinkelbach, Elisabeth Hein, Rolf Ulrich

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 1/2008

Abstract

Recently, Yeshurun and Levy (Psychol Sci 14:225–231, 2003) have provided evidence for the notion that visual attention impairs the temporal resolution of the visual system. Specifically, the detection of a temporal gap within a visual stimulus was impaired when a cue directed attention towards the spatial location of the stimulus. As this negative cueing effect is important to constrain theories about visual attention, we further investigated this novel effect and assessed whether it truly reflects an attentional effect. Experiment 1 examines whether the negative cueing effect is due to local temporal interference, and Experiments 2 and 3 investigate whether it reflects a luminance confound. The complete pattern of results argues against these alternatives and thus further strengthens the conclusion of Yeshurun and Levy (Psychol Sci 14: 225–231, 2003).

vorige artikel The role of unattended distractors in sustained inattentional blindness

volgende artikel The effect of false memory on temporal perception

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It should be noted that SOA represents the time interval ranging from cue onset to the onset of the temporal gap, in other words, SOA = offset of first dot − cue onset = dot onset + 50 ms − cue onset.

The following equation was used to calculate d′: d′ = z(hit) − z(false alarm) (Macmillan & Creelman, 1991).

Two additional data analyses were performed. In one analysis, all trials were included for data analysis. In a second analysis, a stricter lower cutoff of 200 ms was employed to exclude trials with especially short RT from data analysis, which might reflect trials in which participants tended to trade response speed against response accuracy. Both analyses, however, yielded virtually identical results with the one reported in the Results and discussion section. Such additional analyses with different RT cutoffs were also performed for Experiment 2. Again, these additional analyses did not change the outcome of Experiment 2.

The following equation was used to calculate response bias: c(criterion) = −0.5( z(hit) + z(false alarm)) (Macmillan & Creelman, 1991).

Whether or not these trials were discarded had virtually no effect on the results.

In order to rule out this possibility, a reviewer suggested the use of a stricter criterion for discarding trials with short RTs (i.e., RT < 200 ms) from data analysis as a test for SAT. The reason for this test is as follows. Consider that more errors were made in trials with valid cues because participants tended to respond especially fast in this condition. Consequently, if trials with shorter RTs are removed, the portion of pure speed trials is reduced. As a result, the cueing effect on d′ should be minimized or even be eliminated. In contrast to this prediction, discarding trials with short RTs from data analysis did not change the size of the negative cueing effect on d′. Therefore, this outcome is inconsistent with the idea that participants traded speed against accuracy in the valid cue condition.

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Titel: Does attention impair temporal discrimination? Examining non-attentional accounts
Auteurs: Bettina Rolke
Angela Dinkelbach
Elisabeth Hein
Rolf Ulrich
Publicatiedatum: 01-01-2008
Uitgeverij: Springer-Verlag
Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research / Uitgave 1/2008
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-006-0092-0

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