Do Autistic People’s Support Needs and Non-Autistic People’s Support for the Neurodiversity Movement Contribute to Heightened Autism Stigma in South Korea vs. the US? | mijn-bsl Skip to main content

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Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

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07-09-2022 | Original Paper

Do Autistic People’s Support Needs and Non-Autistic People’s Support for the Neurodiversity Movement Contribute to Heightened Autism Stigma in South Korea vs. the US?

Auteurs: So Yoon Kim, Kristen Gillespie-Lynch

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

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Abstract

We examined stigma towards vignette characters representing diverse autistic characteristics (social, non-speaking, or repetitive interests or restricted behaviors; RIRB) among 259 South Korean and 240 American participants (age range = 18 ~ 74). Within each domain, participants were randomized to read a vignette depicting low or high support needs. Koreans reported greater stigma towards autistic characteristics and less awareness of and support for the neurodiversity movement than Americans. Autistic characters’ support needs and rater characteristics (autism knowledge, neurodiversity endorsement, and contact quantity) predicted stigma in at least one domain, and after accounting for these variables, participants’ nationality was suggestively associated only with stigma towards social characteristics and RIRB. Findings highlight the need for culturally adapted-training that provides contact with diverse autistic people.
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Voetnoten
1
One question asked participants to indicate whether they are autistic and the other question asked them if they have a formal autism diagnosis, identify as autistic without a formal diagnosis, are not autistic but have a different diagnosis, or have no disabilities. If participants did not indicate that they were autistic in response to both questions, they were excluded from analyses.
 
2
Including participants who self-identified as autistic (i.e., reported having autism in the former question and indicated having a formal diagnosis or self-identified as autistic in the latter question) also did not change the significance patterns of all analyses.
 
3
We expanded the existing Social Distance Scale to include 3 items representing each of the four contexts. Likely due to the small number of items representing each context, the alpha coefficients for each context were often low (.54 ~ .72). Therefore, we used the full scale, which had strong internal consistency, in analyses rather than analyzing possible sub-scales.
 
4
When split by each diagnosis, the numbers of participants who indicated that the characters have a disability other than autism were too small to include them as separate variables. Whether participants identified characters as having a disability other than autism or no disability was not included in the main analysis because we did not have a theory-driven hypothesis or empirical evidence to support the inclusion of these variables and these variables were not correlated with stigma across vignettes.
 
5
The number of participants assigned to the low support needs group in the RIRB domain was lowest (241 participants). We randomly selected 241 participants from each vignette to conduct this analysis.
 
6
Among the three types of contact quantity variables (i.e., frequency of contact, having an autistic nuclear family member, having no experience with autism), the variable that explained the most variance in zero-order regressions predicting stigma was selected in the final model.
 
7
Removing outliers did not influence the significance patterns of all findings.
 
8
In the baseline correlations among combined samples, higher support needs were correlated with stigma in all three domains (p = .003, .001, and .03 in social, non-speaking, and RIRB domains, respectively). When the interaction term was not included in these regression models, higher support needs also predicted greater autism stigma in the social (p = .003) and non-speaking domains (p < .001).
 
9
When the full measure of cultural tightness that consists of six items was included, more neurodiversity endorsement suggestively predicted less stigma towards non-speaking characteristics (p = .04) and higher cultural tightness significantly predicted more stigma toward RIRB characteristics (p = .001).
 
10
Replacing the full measure of PAK-M with the non-reverse-coded version did not change the significance patterns of the findings. The reverse-coded version was not correlated with stigma in the social (p = .15) and non-speaking domains (p = .31). More accurate knowledge measured by the reverse-coded version was correlated with greater stigma towards RIRB characteristics (p = .004), but it did not predict stigma towards RIRB characteristics in the final model (p = .33).
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Do Autistic People’s Support Needs and Non-Autistic People’s Support for the Neurodiversity Movement Contribute to Heightened Autism Stigma in South Korea vs. the US?
Auteurs
So Yoon Kim
Kristen Gillespie-Lynch
Publicatiedatum
07-09-2022
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05739-0