Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research 3/2020

01-09-2018 | Original Article

Distractor-based retrieval in action control: the influence of encoding specificity

Auteurs: Ruth Laub, Christian Frings

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 3/2020

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

If a target stimulus is presented together with a response irrelevant distractor stimulus, both stimuli can be encoded together with the response in an event file [see Hommel (Trends Cogn Sci 8:494–500, 2004)]. The repetition of the distractor can retrieve the encoded response. This kind of distractor-based retrieval is an important mechanism in action control. In the present experiment, we investigate whether and how distractor-based retrieval of event files is influenced by encoding specificity—a retrieval principle that has been suggested to affect retrieval in short-term and long-term memory. Using a prime–probe design, the number of identical distractors on each display was varied. The results showed that the distractor-based retrieval process is modulated by encoding specificity, in that only high (low) number of distractors retrieves former event files with high (low) number of distractors. Taken together, distractor-based retrieval in action control follows principles known from short-term memory and long-term memory retrieval.
Voetnoten
1
An additional analysis with target relation as factor (target repetition vs. target change) and the distractor–response binding effects in the four conditions of number of distractors as DV, showed that the pattern of results is not modulated by the factor target relation, F(1, 29) = .27, p = .606, ƞp² < .01, thus it is the binding of the distractor and the response that is measured here.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Baddeley, A., Lewis, V., Eldridge, M., & Thomson, N. (1984). Attention and retrieval from long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 113, 518–540.CrossRef Baddeley, A., Lewis, V., Eldridge, M., & Thomson, N. (1984). Attention and retrieval from long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 113, 518–540.CrossRef
go back to reference Colzato, L. S., Raffone, A., & Hommel, B. (2006). What do we learn from binding features? Evidence for multilevel feature integration. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 32, 705–716.CrossRef Colzato, L. S., Raffone, A., & Hommel, B. (2006). What do we learn from binding features? Evidence for multilevel feature integration. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 32, 705–716.CrossRef
go back to reference D’Angelo, M. C., Thomson, D. R., Tipper, S. P., & Milliken, B. (2016). Negative priming 1985 to 2015: A measure of inhibition, the emergence of alternative accounts, and the multiple process challenge. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69, 1890–1909.CrossRef D’Angelo, M. C., Thomson, D. R., Tipper, S. P., & Milliken, B. (2016). Negative priming 1985 to 2015: A measure of inhibition, the emergence of alternative accounts, and the multiple process challenge. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69, 1890–1909.CrossRef
go back to reference Denkinger, B., & Koutstaal, W. (2009). Perceive-decide-act, perceive-decide-act: How abstract is repetition-related decision learning? Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 35, 742–756.CrossRef Denkinger, B., & Koutstaal, W. (2009). Perceive-decide-act, perceive-decide-act: How abstract is repetition-related decision learning? Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 35, 742–756.CrossRef
go back to reference Eriksen, C. W. (1995). The flankers task and response competition: A useful tool for investigating a variety of cognitive problems. Visual Cognition, 2, 101–118.CrossRef Eriksen, C. W. (1995). The flankers task and response competition: A useful tool for investigating a variety of cognitive problems. Visual Cognition, 2, 101–118.CrossRef
go back to reference Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191.CrossRef Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191.CrossRef
go back to reference Fox, E., & De Fockert, J. W. (1998). Negative priming depends on prime–probe similarity: Evidence for episodic retrieval. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 107–113.CrossRef Fox, E., & De Fockert, J. W. (1998). Negative priming depends on prime–probe similarity: Evidence for episodic retrieval. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 107–113.CrossRef
go back to reference Frings, C., & Rothermund, K. (2011). To be or not to be.. . Included in an event file: Integration and retrieval of distractors in stimulus-response episodes is influenced by perceptual grouping. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 37, 1209–1227.CrossRef Frings, C., & Rothermund, K. (2011). To be or not to be.. . Included in an event file: Integration and retrieval of distractors in stimulus-response episodes is influenced by perceptual grouping. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 37, 1209–1227.CrossRef
go back to reference Frings, C., Rothermund, K., & Wentura, D. (2007). Distractor repetitions retrieve previous response to targets. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60, 1367–1377.CrossRef Frings, C., Rothermund, K., & Wentura, D. (2007). Distractor repetitions retrieve previous response to targets. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 60, 1367–1377.CrossRef
go back to reference Frings, C., Schneider, K. K., & Fox, E. (2015). The negative priming paradigm: An update and implications for selective attention. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 22, 1577–1597.CrossRef Frings, C., Schneider, K. K., & Fox, E. (2015). The negative priming paradigm: An update and implications for selective attention. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 22, 1577–1597.CrossRef
go back to reference Giesen, C., Frings, C., & Rothermund, K. (2012). Differences in the intensity of distractor inhibition do not affect distractor–response bindings. Memory and Cognition, 40, 373–387.CrossRef Giesen, C., Frings, C., & Rothermund, K. (2012). Differences in the intensity of distractor inhibition do not affect distractor–response bindings. Memory and Cognition, 40, 373–387.CrossRef
go back to reference Hommel, B. (1998). Event files: Evidence for automatic integration of stimulus-response episodes. Visual Cognition, 5, 183–216.CrossRef Hommel, B. (1998). Event files: Evidence for automatic integration of stimulus-response episodes. Visual Cognition, 5, 183–216.CrossRef
go back to reference Hommel, B. (2004). Event files: Feature binding in and across perception and action. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 494–500.CrossRef Hommel, B. (2004). Event files: Feature binding in and across perception and action. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 494–500.CrossRef
go back to reference Hommel, B., Müsseler, J., Aschersleben, G., & Prinz, W. (2001). The theory of event coding (TEC): A framework for perception and action planning. Behavioral and Brian Sciences, 24, 849–878.CrossRef Hommel, B., Müsseler, J., Aschersleben, G., & Prinz, W. (2001). The theory of event coding (TEC): A framework for perception and action planning. Behavioral and Brian Sciences, 24, 849–878.CrossRef
go back to reference Houghton, G., & Tipper, S. P. (1994). A model of inhibitory mechanisms in selective attention. In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 53–112). San Diego: Academic Press. Houghton, G., & Tipper, S. P. (1994). A model of inhibitory mechanisms in selective attention. In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 53–112). San Diego: Academic Press.
go back to reference Houghton, G., Tipper, S. P., Weaver, B., & Shore, D. I. (1996). Inhibition and interference in selective attention: Some tests of a neural network model. Visual Cognition, 3, 119–164.CrossRef Houghton, G., Tipper, S. P., Weaver, B., & Shore, D. I. (1996). Inhibition and interference in selective attention: Some tests of a neural network model. Visual Cognition, 3, 119–164.CrossRef
go back to reference Koch, I., Frings, C., & Schuch, S. (2017). Explaining response-repetition effects in task switching: Evidence from switching cue modality suggests episodic binding and response inhibition. Psychological Research, 82, 1–10. Koch, I., Frings, C., & Schuch, S. (2017). Explaining response-repetition effects in task switching: Evidence from switching cue modality suggests episodic binding and response inhibition. Psychological Research, 82, 1–10.
go back to reference Moeller, B., Frings, C., & Pfister, R. (2016). The structure of distractor–response bindings: Conditions for configural and elemental integration. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 42, 464–479.CrossRef Moeller, B., Frings, C., & Pfister, R. (2016). The structure of distractor–response bindings: Conditions for configural and elemental integration. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 42, 464–479.CrossRef
go back to reference Neill, W. T. (1997). Episodic retrieval in negative priming and repetition priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 32, 1291–1305. Neill, W. T. (1997). Episodic retrieval in negative priming and repetition priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 32, 1291–1305.
go back to reference Neill, W. T., Valdes, L. A., Terry, K. M., & Gorfein, D. S. (1992). Persistence of negative priming: II. Evidence for episodic trace retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 18, 993–1000.CrossRef Neill, W. T., Valdes, L. A., Terry, K. M., & Gorfein, D. S. (1992). Persistence of negative priming: II. Evidence for episodic trace retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 18, 993–1000.CrossRef
go back to reference Schmidt, J. R., De Houwer, J., & Rothermund, K. (2016). The Parallel Episodic Processing (PEP) model 2.0: A single computational model of stimulus-response binding, contingency learning, power curves, and mixing costs. Cognitive Psychology, 91, 82–108.CrossRef Schmidt, J. R., De Houwer, J., & Rothermund, K. (2016). The Parallel Episodic Processing (PEP) model 2.0: A single computational model of stimulus-response binding, contingency learning, power curves, and mixing costs. Cognitive Psychology, 91, 82–108.CrossRef
go back to reference Schneider, D. W., & Logan, G. D. (2005). Modeling task switching without switching tasks: A short-term priming account of explicitly cued performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 134, 343–367.CrossRef Schneider, D. W., & Logan, G. D. (2005). Modeling task switching without switching tasks: A short-term priming account of explicitly cued performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 134, 343–367.CrossRef
go back to reference Tipper, S. P. (2001). Does negative priming reflect inhibitory mechanisms? A review and integration of conflicting view. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54, 321–343.CrossRef Tipper, S. P. (2001). Does negative priming reflect inhibitory mechanisms? A review and integration of conflicting view. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54, 321–343.CrossRef
go back to reference Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Reading: Addison-Wesley. Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
go back to reference Waszak, F., Hommel, B., & Allport, A. (2003). Task-switching and long-term priming: Role of episodic stimulus–task bindings in task-shift costs. Cognitive Psychology, 46, 361–413.CrossRef Waszak, F., Hommel, B., & Allport, A. (2003). Task-switching and long-term priming: Role of episodic stimulus–task bindings in task-shift costs. Cognitive Psychology, 46, 361–413.CrossRef
go back to reference Wiswede, D., Rothermund, K., & Frings, C. (2013). Not all errors are created equally: Specific ERN responses for errors originating from distractor-based response retrieval. European Journal of Neuroscience, 38, 3496–3506.CrossRef Wiswede, D., Rothermund, K., & Frings, C. (2013). Not all errors are created equally: Specific ERN responses for errors originating from distractor-based response retrieval. European Journal of Neuroscience, 38, 3496–3506.CrossRef
go back to reference Wong, K. F. E. (2000). Dissociative prime–probe contextual similarity effects on negative priming and repetition priming: A challenge to episodic retrieval as a unified account of negative priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 26, 1411–1422.CrossRef Wong, K. F. E. (2000). Dissociative prime–probe contextual similarity effects on negative priming and repetition priming: A challenge to episodic retrieval as a unified account of negative priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition, 26, 1411–1422.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Distractor-based retrieval in action control: the influence of encoding specificity
Auteurs
Ruth Laub
Christian Frings
Publicatiedatum
01-09-2018
Uitgeverij
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Gepubliceerd in
Psychological Research / Uitgave 3/2020
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1082-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2020

Psychological Research 3/2020 Naar de uitgave