Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-05-2013 | Original Article

Displacement of location in illusory line motion

Auteurs: Timothy L. Hubbard, Susan E. Ruppel

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 3/2013

Abstract

Six experiments examined displacement in memory for the location of the line in illusory line motion (ILM; appearance or disappearance of a stationary cue is followed by appearance of a stationary line that is presented all at once, but the stationary line is perceived to “unfold” or “be drawn” from the end closest to the cue to the end most distant from the cue). If ILM was induced by having a single cue appear, then memory for the location of the line was displaced toward the cue, and displacement was larger if the line was closer to the cue. If ILM was induced by having one of two previously visible cues vanish, then memory for the location of the line was displaced away from the cue that vanished. In general, the magnitude of displacement increased and then decreased as retention interval increased from 50 to 250 ms and from 250 to 450 ms, respectively. Displacement of the line (a) is consistent with a combination of a spatial averaging of the locations of the cue and the line with a relatively weaker dynamic in the direction of illusory motion, (b) might be implemented in a spreading activation network similar to networks previously suggested to implement displacement resulting from implied or apparent motion, and (c) provides constraints and challenges for theories of ILM.

vorige artikel Intentional weighting: a basic principle in cognitive control

volgende artikel Search performance with discrete-cell stimulus arrays: filtered naturalistic images and probabilistic markers

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Displacement toward a nearby object or toward a closer alignment with the surrounding context has often been referred to as memory averaging, but given that some potential mechanisms for such displacement involve perceptual rather than memorial variables (e.g., the location of foveation relative to the target), the term “memory averaging” is not sufficiently inclusive for these types of displacements. Thus, the more inclusive term “spatial averaging” is used here.

To the extent that the length of a target is defined by the location of each end of that target, then displacement of only a portion (i.e., one end) of the target would involve a change in memory for location of that part of the target as well as a change in memory for the length of the target. Nonetheless, it is useful to consider displacement in the location of only one end of the target as reflecting a change in the remembered length of the target (as length is not preserved) and equal displacements in the location of both ends of the target as reflecting a change in the remembered location of the target (as length is preserved).

Anderson, J. R. (1983). The architecture of cognition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Bartley, S. H., & Wilkinson, F. R. (1953). Some factors in the production of gamma movement. Journal of Psychology, 36, 201–206.CrossRef

Bavelier, D., Schneider, K. A., & Monacelli, A. (2002). Reflexive gaze orienting induces the line-motion illusion. Vision Research, 42, 2817–2827.PubMedCrossRef

Bryant, D. J., & Subbiah, I. (1994). Subjective landmarks in perception and memory for spatial location. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48, 119–139.PubMedCrossRef

Crawford, T. J., Kean, M., Klein, R. M., & Hamm, J. P. (2006). The effects of illusory line motion on incongruent saccades: Implications for saccadic eye movements and visual attention. Experimental Brain Research, 173, 498–506.CrossRef

Downing, P. E., & Treisman, A. M. (1997). The line-motion illusion: Attention or impletion? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 768–779.PubMedCrossRef

Eagleman, D. M., & Sejnowski, T. J. (2003). The line-motion illusion can be reversed by motion signals after the line disappears. Perception, 32, 963–968.PubMedCrossRef

Erlhagen, W., & Jancke, D. (2004). The role of action plans and other cognitive factors in motion extrapolation: A modeling study. Visual Cognition, 11, 315–340.CrossRef

Fuller, S., & Carrasco, M. (2009). Perceptual consequences of visual performance fields: The case of the line motion illusion. Journal of Vision, 9(13), 1–17.PubMedCrossRef

Hamm, J. P., & Klein, R. M. (2002). Does attention follow the motion in the “shooting line” illusion? Perception & Psychophysics, 64, 279–291.CrossRef

Harrower, M. R. (1929). Some experiments on the nature of gamma movement. Psychologische Forschung, 13, 55–63.CrossRef

Hayes, A. E., & Freyd, J. J. (2002). Representational momentum when attention is divided. Visual Cognition, 9, 8–27.CrossRef

Hikosaka, O., Miyauchi, S., & Shimojo, S. (1993a). Focal visual attention produces illusory temporal order and motion sensation. Vision Research, 33, 1219–1240.PubMedCrossRef

Hikosaka, O., Miyauchi, S., & Shimojo, S. (1993b). Voluntary and stimulus-induced attention detection as motion sensation. Perception, 22, 517–526.PubMedCrossRef

Hubbard, T. L. (1993). The effects of context on visual representational momentum. Memory & Cognition, 21, 103–114.CrossRef

Hubbard, T. L. (1994). Judged displacement: A modular process? American Journal of Psychology, 107, 359–373.CrossRef

Hubbard, T. L. (1995). Environmental invariants in the representation of motion: Implied dynamics and representational momentum, gravity, friction, and centripetal force. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2, 322–338.CrossRef

Hubbard, T. L. (2005). Representational momentum and related displacements in spatial memory: A review of the findings. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 822–851.CrossRef

Hubbard, T. L. (2006). Computational theory and cognition in representational momentum and related types of displacement: A reply to Kerzel. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 174–177.CrossRef

Hubbard, T. L. (2008). Representational momentum contributes to motion induced mislocalization of stationary objects. Visual Cognition, 16, 44–67.CrossRef

Hubbard, T. L., Blessum, J. A., & Ruppel, S. E. (2001). Representational momentum and Michotte’s (1946/1963) “Launching Effect” paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 294–301.PubMedCrossRef

Hubbard, T. L., & Courtney, J. R. (2008). The onset repulsion effect and motion induced mislocalization of a stationary object. Perception, 37, 1386–1398.PubMedCrossRef

Hubbard, T. L., Kumar, A. M., & Carp, C. L. (2009). Effects of spatial cueing on representational momentum. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 666–677.PubMedCrossRef

Hubbard, T. L., & Motes, M. A. (2005). An effect of context on whether memory for initial position exhibits a Fröhlich effect or an onset repulsion effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58A, 961–979.

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (1999). Representational momentum and the landmark attraction effect. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 242–256.CrossRef

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2002). A possible role of naive impetus in Michotte’s “Launching Effect:” Evidence from representational momentum. Visual Cognition, 9, 153–176.CrossRef

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2011a). The effect of spatial cuing on the onset repulsion effect. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 2236–2248.CrossRef

Hubbard, T. L., & Ruppel, S. E. (2011b). Effects of temporal and spatial separation on velocity and strength of illusory line motion. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 1133–1146.CrossRef

Hubbard, T. L., Ruppel, S. E., & Courtney, J. R. (2005). The force of appearance: Gamma movement, naive impetus, and representational momentum. Psicologica, 26, 209–228.

Jancke, D., Chavane, F., Naaman, S., & Grinvald, A. (2004). Imaging correlates of illusion in early visual cortex. Nature, 428, 423–426.PubMedCrossRef

Jancke, D., & Erlhagen, W. (2010). Bridging the gap: A model of common neural mechanisms underlying the Fröhlich effect, the flash-lag effect, and the representational momentum effect. In R. Nijhawan & B. Khurana (Eds.), Space and time in perception and action (pp. 422–440). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Kawahara, J., & Yokosawa, K. (2001). Preattentive perception of multiple illusory line-motion: A formal model of parallel independent-detection in visual search. Journal of General Psychology, 128, 357–383.PubMedCrossRef

Kawahara, J., Yokosawa, K., Nishida, S., & Sato, T. (1996). Illusory line motion in visual search: Attentional facilitation or apparent motion. Perception, 25, 901–920.PubMedCrossRef

Kerzel, D. (2002a). Attention shifts and memory averaging. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55A, 425–443.

Kerzel, D. (2002b). Memory for the position of stationary objects: Disentangling foveal bias and memory averaging. Vision Research, 42, 159–167.PubMedCrossRef

Kerzel, D. (2003). Mental extrapolation of target position is strongest with weak motion signals and motor responses. Vision Research, 43, 2623–2635.PubMedCrossRef

Kerzel, D. (2006). Why eye movements and perceptual factors have to be controlled in studies on “Representational Momentum”. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 166–173.CrossRef

Kerzel, D. (2010). The Fröhlich effect: Past and present. In R. Nijhawan & B. Khurana (Eds.), Space and time in perception and action (pp. 321–337). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Kerzel, D., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2004). Spatial distortions and processing latencies in the onset repulsion and Fröhlich effects. Vision Research, 44, 577–590.PubMedCrossRef

Munger, M. P., & Minchew, J. H. (2002). Parallels between remembering and predicting an object’s location. Visual Cognition, 9, 177–194.CrossRef

Müsseler, J., & Kerzel, D. (2004). The trial context determines adjusted localization of stimuli: Reconciling the Fröhlich and onset repulsion effects. Vision Research, 44, 2201–2206.PubMed

Müsseler, J., Stork, S., & Kerzel, D. (2002). Comparing mislocalizations with moving stimuli: The Fröhlich effect, the flash-lag, and representational momentum. Visual Cognition, 9, 120–138.CrossRef

Müsseler, J., van der Heijden, A. H. C., Mahmud, S. H., Deubel, H., & Ertsey, S. (1999). Relative mislocalization of briefly presented stimuli in the retinal periphery. Perception & Psychophysics, 61, 1646–1661.CrossRef

Nagai, M., & Saiki, J. (2005). Illusory motion and representational momentum. Perception & Psychophysics, 67, 855–866.CrossRef

Nelson, T. O., & Chaiklin, S. (1980). Immediate memory for spatial location. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory, 6, 529–545.CrossRef

Postma, A., Huntjens, R. J. C., Meuwissen, M., & Laeng, B. (2006). The time course of spatial memory processing in the two hemispheres. Neuropsychologia, 44, 1914–1918.PubMedCrossRef

Scharlau, I., & Horstmann, G. (2006). Perceptual latency priming and illusory line motion: Facilitation by gradients of attention? Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 2, 87–97.CrossRef

Schmidt, W. (2000). Endogenous attention and illusory line motion reexamined. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 980–996.PubMedCrossRef

Shimojo, S., Hikosaka, O., & Miyauchi, S. (1999). Automatic and controlled attention detected by the line motion effect. In D. Gopher & A. Koriat (Eds.), Attention and performance XVII: Cognitive regulation of performance: Interaction of theory and application (pp. 145–163). Cambridge: MIT Press.

Steinman, B. A., Steinman, S. B., & Lehmkuhle, S. (1995). Visual attention mechanisms show a center-surround organization. Vision Research, 35, 1859–1869.PubMedCrossRef

Thornton, I. M. (2002). The onset repulsion effect. Spatial Vision, 15, 219–243.PubMedCrossRef

van der Ham, I. J. M., van Wezel, R. J. A., Oleksiak, A., & Postma, A. (2007). The time course of hemisphere differences in categorical and coordinate spatial processing. Neuropsychologia, 45, 2492–2498.PubMedCrossRef

von Grünau, M., Dube, S., & Kwas, M. (1996). Two contributions to motion induction: A preattentive effect and facilitation due to attentional capture. Vision Research, 36, 2447–2457.CrossRef

von Grünau, M., & Faubert, J. (1994). Intraattribute and interattribute motion induction. Perception, 23, 913–928.CrossRef

Whitney, D., & Cavanagh, P. (2002). Surrounding motion affects the perceived locations of moving stimuli. Visual Cognition, 9, 139–152.CrossRef

Winters, J. J. (1964). Gamma movement: Apparent movement in figural aftereffects experiments. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 19, 819–822.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Displacement of location in illusory line motion
Auteurs: Timothy L. Hubbard
Susan E. Ruppel
Publicatiedatum: 01-05-2013
Uitgeverij: Springer-Verlag
Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research / Uitgave 3/2013
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0428-x

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2013

Search performance with discrete-cell stimulus arrays: filtered naturalistic images and probabilistic markers

Missing the dog that failed to bark in the nighttime: on the overestimation of occurrences over non-occurrences in hypothesis testing

Happy but still focused: failures to find evidence for a mood-induced widening of visual attention

Improved motor sequence retention by motionless listening

Working memory demands modulate cognitive control in the Stroop paradigm

Intentional weighting: a basic principle in cognitive control