Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence 10/2020

09-05-2020 | Empirical Research

Discrimination, Skin Color Satisfaction, and Adjustment among Latinx American Youth

Auteurs: Lisa Kiang, Kathy Espino-Pérez, Gabriela L. Stein

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 10/2020

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Race-related biases and discrimination and easily observable race-related characteristics, such as skin color, appear to go hand and hand, but it remains unclear how these factors work together to shape youth development. The current study addresses this gap by investigating skin color satisfaction as a mediator between perceptions of discrimination and adjustment. Data are from a cross-sectional sample of Latinx youth (N = 175; Mage = 12.86; 51.4% female; 86.9% US-born) who completed measures of foreigner-based objectification, peer discrimination, adult discrimination, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and the importance or value attributed to academic success. Evidence of significant indirect effects of skin color satisfaction in the links between foreigner-based objectification and self-esteem as well as academic importance was found. Skin color satisfaction did not mediate links between either peer or adult discrimination and self-esteem, depression, and academic importance. The results provide support that being perceived as a foreigner has negative implications for Latinx youth adjustment through skin color satisfaction. The present study expands understanding of how different forms of differential treatment may affect minoritized youth. Implications and future research ideas are discussed.
Literatuur
go back to reference Angold, A., Costello, E. J., Messer, S. C., Pickles., A., Winder, F., & Silver, D. (1995). Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5, 1–13. Angold, A., Costello, E. J., Messer, S. C., Pickles., A., Winder, F., & Silver, D. (1995). Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 5, 1–13.
go back to reference Armenta, B. E., Lee, R. M., Pituc, S. T., Jung, K.-R., Park, I. J. K., Soto, J. A., & Schwartz, S. J. (2013). Where are you from? A validation of the Foreigner Objectification Scale and the psychological correlates of foreigner objectification among Asian Americans and Latinos. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19, 131–142.PubMed Armenta, B. E., Lee, R. M., Pituc, S. T., Jung, K.-R., Park, I. J. K., Soto, J. A., & Schwartz, S. J. (2013). Where are you from? A validation of the Foreigner Objectification Scale and the psychological correlates of foreigner objectification among Asian Americans and Latinos. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19, 131–142.PubMed
go back to reference Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2002). To belong or not to belong, that is the question: terror management and identification with gender and ethnicity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 26–43.PubMed Arndt, J., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2002). To belong or not to belong, that is the question: terror management and identification with gender and ethnicity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 26–43.PubMed
go back to reference Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.PubMed Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.PubMed
go back to reference Bond, S., & Cash, T. F. (1992). Black beauty: Skin color and body images among African-American college women. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 874–888. Bond, S., & Cash, T. F. (1992). Black beauty: Skin color and body images among African-American college women. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 874–888.
go back to reference Bonilla-Silva, E. (2009). Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United Sates. 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield. Bonilla-Silva, E. (2009). Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United Sates. 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield.
go back to reference Burke, M. (2008). Colorism. In W. Darity, Jr. (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social sciences Vol. 2 (pp. 17–18). Detroit, MI: Thompson Gale. Burke, M. (2008). Colorism. In W. Darity, Jr. (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social sciences Vol. 2 (pp. 17–18). Detroit, MI: Thompson Gale.
go back to reference Burton, L. M., Bonilla‐Silva, E., Ray, V., Buckelew, R., & Freeman, E. H. (2010). Critical race theories, colorism, and the decade’s research on families of color. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 440–459. Burton, L. M., Bonilla‐Silva, E., Ray, V., Buckelew, R., & Freeman, E. H. (2010). Critical race theories, colorism, and the decade’s research on families of color. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 440–459.
go back to reference Cavanaugh, A. M., Stein, G. L., Supple, A. J., Gonzalez, L. M., & Kiang, L. (2018). Protective and promotive effects of Latino early adolescents’ cultural assets against multiple types of discrimination. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28, 310–326.PubMed Cavanaugh, A. M., Stein, G. L., Supple, A. J., Gonzalez, L. M., & Kiang, L. (2018). Protective and promotive effects of Latino early adolescents’ cultural assets against multiple types of discrimination. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28, 310–326.PubMed
go back to reference Chavez, L. (2013). The Latino threat: constructing immigrants, citizens, and the nation. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Chavez, L. (2013). The Latino threat: constructing immigrants, citizens, and the nation. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
go back to reference Codina, G. E., & Montalvo, F. F. (1994). Chicano phenotype and depression. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 16(3), 296–306. Codina, G. E., & Montalvo, F. F. (1994). Chicano phenotype and depression. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 16(3), 296–306.
go back to reference Davis, A. N., Carlo, G., Schwartz, S. J., Unger, J. B., Zamboanga, B. L., Lorenzo-Blanco, E. I., & Martinez, M. M. (2016). The longitudinal associations between discrimination, depressive symptoms, and prosocial behaviors in US Latino/a recent immigrant adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 457–470.PubMed Davis, A. N., Carlo, G., Schwartz, S. J., Unger, J. B., Zamboanga, B. L., Lorenzo-Blanco, E. I., & Martinez, M. M. (2016). The longitudinal associations between discrimination, depressive symptoms, and prosocial behaviors in US Latino/a recent immigrant adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 457–470.PubMed
go back to reference Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory: an introduction. 3rd ed. New York, NY: New York University Press. Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory: an introduction. 3rd ed. New York, NY: New York University Press.
go back to reference Dion, K. K., & Dion, K. L. (2001). Gender and cultural adaptation in immigrant families. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 511–521. Dion, K. K., & Dion, K. L. (2001). Gender and cultural adaptation in immigrant families. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 511–521.
go back to reference Dixon, A. R., & Telles, E. E. (2017). Skin color and colorism: global research, concepts, and measurement. Annual Review of Sociology, 43, 405–424. Dixon, A. R., & Telles, E. E. (2017). Skin color and colorism: global research, concepts, and measurement. Annual Review of Sociology, 43, 405–424.
go back to reference Eccles, J. S. (1983). Expectancies, values, and academic behaviors. In J T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motivation (pp. 75–146). San Francisco: Freeman. Eccles, J. S. (1983). Expectancies, values, and academic behaviors. In J T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motivation (pp. 75–146). San Francisco: Freeman.
go back to reference Ee, J., & Gándara, P. (2020). The Impact of Immigration Enforcement on the Nation’s Schools. American Educational Research Journal, 57(2), 840–871. Ee, J., & Gándara, P. (2020). The Impact of Immigration Enforcement on the Nation’s Schools. American Educational Research Journal, 57(2), 840–871.
go back to reference Elsbach, K. D., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Defining who you are by what you’re not: organizational disidentification and the National Rifle Association. Organization Science, 12, 393–413. Elsbach, K. D., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Defining who you are by what you’re not: organizational disidentification and the National Rifle Association. Organization Science, 12, 393–413.
go back to reference Fuligni, A. J., Witkow, M., & Garcia, C. (2005). Ethnic identity and the academic adjustment of adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 41, 799–811.PubMed Fuligni, A. J., Witkow, M., & Garcia, C. (2005). Ethnic identity and the academic adjustment of adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 41, 799–811.PubMed
go back to reference García Coll, C., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R., McAdoo, H. P., Crnic, K., Wasik, B. H., & Vázquez García, H. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67, 1891–1914.PubMed García Coll, C., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R., McAdoo, H. P., Crnic, K., Wasik, B. H., & Vázquez García, H. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67, 1891–1914.PubMed
go back to reference Glenn, E. N. (Ed.) (2009). Shades of difference: why skin color matters. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Glenn, E. N. (Ed.) (2009). Shades of difference: why skin color matters. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
go back to reference Glover, K. S. (2009). Racial profiling: research, racism, and resistance. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Glover, K. S. (2009). Racial profiling: research, racism, and resistance. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
go back to reference Greene, M. L., Way, N., & Pahl, K. (2006). Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents: patterns and psychological correlates. Developmental Psychology, 42, 218–236.PubMed Greene, M. L., Way, N., & Pahl, K. (2006). Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents: patterns and psychological correlates. Developmental Psychology, 42, 218–236.PubMed
go back to reference Hall, R. E. (2005). The Euro-Americanization of race: alien perspective of African Americans vis-à-vis trivialization of skin color. Journal of Black Studies, 36, 116–128. Hall, R. E. (2005). The Euro-Americanization of race: alien perspective of African Americans vis-à-vis trivialization of skin color. Journal of Black Studies, 36, 116–128.
go back to reference Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self. New York, NY: Guilford. Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self. New York, NY: Guilford.
go back to reference Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford. Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford.
go back to reference Huang, F. L., & Cornell, D. G. (2019). School teasing and bullying after the presidential election. Educational Researcher, 48, 69–83. Huang, F. L., & Cornell, D. G. (2019). School teasing and bullying after the presidential election. Educational Researcher, 48, 69–83.
go back to reference Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenso, H. C., & Spicer, P. (2006). Parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices: a review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 747–770.PubMed Hughes, D., Rodriguez, J., Smith, E. P., Johnson, D. J., Stevenso, H. C., & Spicer, P. (2006). Parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices: a review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42(5), 747–770.PubMed
go back to reference Hunter, M. L. (2005). Race, gender, and the politics of skin tone. New York, NY: Routledge. Hunter, M. L. (2005). Race, gender, and the politics of skin tone. New York, NY: Routledge.
go back to reference Hunter, M. L. (2007). The persistent problem of colorism: skin tone, status, and inequality. Sociology Compass, 1, 237–254. Hunter, M. L. (2007). The persistent problem of colorism: skin tone, status, and inequality. Sociology Compass, 1, 237–254.
go back to reference Huynh, Q. L., Devos, T., & Smalarz, L. (2011). Perpetual foreigner in one’s own land: potential implications for identity and psychological adjustment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30, 133–162.PubMedPubMedCentral Huynh, Q. L., Devos, T., & Smalarz, L. (2011). Perpetual foreigner in one’s own land: potential implications for identity and psychological adjustment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30, 133–162.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Hwang, W. C., & Goto, S. (2008). The impact of perceived racial discrimination on the mental health of Asian American and Latino college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14, 326–335.PubMed Hwang, W. C., & Goto, S. (2008). The impact of perceived racial discrimination on the mental health of Asian American and Latino college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14, 326–335.PubMed
go back to reference Juang, L. P., Moffitt, U., Kim, S. Y., Lee, R. M., Soto, J. A., Hurley, E., & Whitborne, S. K. (2016). Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression: links to racial-ethnic discrimination and adjustment among Latino/a and Asian-heritage college students. Journal of Adolescence, 53, 21–33.PubMed Juang, L. P., Moffitt, U., Kim, S. Y., Lee, R. M., Soto, J. A., Hurley, E., & Whitborne, S. K. (2016). Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression: links to racial-ethnic discrimination and adjustment among Latino/a and Asian-heritage college students. Journal of Adolescence, 53, 21–33.PubMed
go back to reference Keith, V. M., Nguyen, A. W., Taylor, R. J., Mouzon, D. M., & Chatters, L. M. (2017). Microaggressions, discrimination, and phenotype among African Americans: a latent class analysis of the impact of skin tone and BMI. Sociological Inquiry, 87, 233–255.PubMedPubMedCentral Keith, V. M., Nguyen, A. W., Taylor, R. J., Mouzon, D. M., & Chatters, L. M. (2017). Microaggressions, discrimination, and phenotype among African Americans: a latent class analysis of the impact of skin tone and BMI. Sociological Inquiry, 87, 233–255.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Kiang, L., Broome, M., Chan, M., Stein, G. L., Gonzalez, L. M., & Supple, A. J. (2019). Foreigner objectification, English proficiency, and adjustment among youth and mothers from Latin American backgrounds. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 25(4), 461–471.PubMed Kiang, L., Broome, M., Chan, M., Stein, G. L., Gonzalez, L. M., & Supple, A. J. (2019). Foreigner objectification, English proficiency, and adjustment among youth and mothers from Latin American backgrounds. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 25(4), 461–471.PubMed
go back to reference Kiang, L., Supple, A. J., Stein, G. L., & Gonzalez, L. M. (2012). Gendered academic adjustment among Asian American adolescents in an emerging immigrant community. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 283–294.PubMed Kiang, L., Supple, A. J., Stein, G. L., & Gonzalez, L. M. (2012). Gendered academic adjustment among Asian American adolescents in an emerging immigrant community. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 283–294.PubMed
go back to reference Kiang, L., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2009). Phenotypic bias and ethnic identity in Filipino Americans. Social Science Quarterly, 90, 428–445.PubMedPubMedCentral Kiang, L., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2009). Phenotypic bias and ethnic identity in Filipino Americans. Social Science Quarterly, 90, 428–445.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Lee, J., & Bean, F. D. (2007). Reinventing the color line immigration and America’s new racial/ethnic divide. Social Forces, 86, 561–586. Lee, J., & Bean, F. D. (2007). Reinventing the color line immigration and America’s new racial/ethnic divide. Social Forces, 86, 561–586.
go back to reference Ma, D. S., Koltai, K., McManus, R. M., Bernhardt, A., Correll, J., & Wittenbrink, B. (2018). Race signaling features: identifying markers of racial prototypicality among Asians, Blacks, Latinos, and Whites. Social Cognition, 36, 603–625. Ma, D. S., Koltai, K., McManus, R. M., Bernhardt, A., Correll, J., & Wittenbrink, B. (2018). Race signaling features: identifying markers of racial prototypicality among Asians, Blacks, Latinos, and Whites. Social Cognition, 36, 603–625.
go back to reference MacKinnon, D. P. (2000). Contrasts in multiple mediator models. In J. Rose, L. Chassin, C. C. Presson & S. J. Sherman (Eds), Multivariate applications in substance use research ( pp. 141–160). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. MacKinnon, D. P. (2000). Contrasts in multiple mediator models. In J. Rose, L. Chassin, C. C. Presson & S. J. Sherman (Eds), Multivariate applications in substance use research ( pp. 141–160). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Maddox, K. B. (2004). Perspectives on racial phenotypicality bias. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 383–401.PubMed Maddox, K. B. (2004). Perspectives on racial phenotypicality bias. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 383–401.PubMed
go back to reference Maxwell, M., Brevard, J., Abrams, J., & Belgrave, F. (2015). What’s color got to do with it? Skin color, skin color satisfaction, racial identity, and internalized racism among African American college students. Journal of Black Psychology, 41, 438–461. Maxwell, M., Brevard, J., Abrams, J., & Belgrave, F. (2015). What’s color got to do with it? Skin color, skin color satisfaction, racial identity, and internalized racism among African American college students. Journal of Black Psychology, 41, 438–461.
go back to reference Nesteruk, O., & Gramescu, A. (2012). Dating and mate selection among young adults from immigrant families. Marriage & Family Review, 48(1), 40–58. Nesteruk, O., & Gramescu, A. (2012). Dating and mate selection among young adults from immigrant families. Marriage & Family Review, 48(1), 40–58.
go back to reference Niwa, E. Y., Way, N., & Hughes, D. L. (2014). Trajectories of ethnic‐racial discrimination among ethnically diverse early adolescents: associations with psychological and social adjustment. Child Development, 85, 2339–2354.PubMed Niwa, E. Y., Way, N., & Hughes, D. L. (2014). Trajectories of ethnic‐racial discrimination among ethnically diverse early adolescents: associations with psychological and social adjustment. Child Development, 85, 2339–2354.PubMed
go back to reference Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1061–1072.PubMed Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1061–1072.PubMed
go back to reference Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 531–554.PubMedPubMedCentral Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 531–554.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Perreira, K. M., Kiang, L., & Potochnick, S. (2013). Ethnic discrimination: Identifying and intervening inits effects on the education of immigrant children. In E. Grigorenko (Ed.), The Handbook of U.S. Immigration and Education (pp. 137–162). New York: Springer. Perreira, K. M., Kiang, L., & Potochnick, S. (2013). Ethnic discrimination: Identifying and intervening inits effects on the education of immigrant children. In E. Grigorenko (Ed.), The Handbook of U.S. Immigration and Education (pp. 137–162). New York: Springer.
go back to reference Pituc, S.T., Jung, K.-R., & Lee, R. M. (2009). Development and validation of a brief perceived discrimination measure. Poster presented at the annual Asian American Psychological Association Convention. Toronto. Pituc, S.T., Jung, K.-R., & Lee, R. M. (2009). Development and validation of a brief perceived discrimination measure. Poster presented at the annual Asian American Psychological Association Convention. Toronto.
go back to reference Quiros, L., & Dawson, B. A. (2013). The color paradigm: the impact of colorism on the racial identity and identification of Latinas. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23, 287–297. Quiros, L., & Dawson, B. A. (2013). The color paradigm: the impact of colorism on the racial identity and identification of Latinas. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23, 287–297.
go back to reference Rogers, O., Kiang, L., White, L., & Whitesell, N. (2020). Un(der)explored and Un(der)theorized: Questions for Ethnic-Racial Identity Scholarship from a Lifespan Developmental Perspective. Manuscript under review. Rogers, O., Kiang, L., White, L., & Whitesell, N. (2020). Un(der)explored and Un(der)theorized: Questions for Ethnic-Racial Identity Scholarship from a Lifespan Developmental Perspective. Manuscript under review.
go back to reference Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York, NY: Basic Books. Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York, NY: Basic Books.
go back to reference Rosenbloom, S. R., & Way, N. (2004). Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian American, and Latino adolescents in an urban high school. Youth & Society, 35, 420–451. Rosenbloom, S. R., & Way, N. (2004). Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian American, and Latino adolescents in an urban high school. Youth & Society, 35, 420–451.
go back to reference Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Postmes, T., & Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 921–948.PubMed Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Postmes, T., & Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 921–948.PubMed
go back to reference Shattell, M. M., & Villalba, J. (2008). Anti-immigration rhetoric in the United States: veiled racism? Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29, 541–543.PubMed Shattell, M. M., & Villalba, J. (2008). Anti-immigration rhetoric in the United States: veiled racism? Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29, 541–543.PubMed
go back to reference Stacey, M., Carbone-López, K., & Rosenfeld, R. (2011). Demographic change and ethnically motivated crime: the impact of immigration on anti-Hispanic hate crime in the United States. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 27, 278–298. Stacey, M., Carbone-López, K., & Rosenfeld, R. (2011). Demographic change and ethnically motivated crime: the impact of immigration on anti-Hispanic hate crime in the United States. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 27, 278–298.
go back to reference Stein, G. L., Coard, S. I., Kiang, L., Smith, R. K., & Mejia, Y. C. (2018). The intersection of racial-ethnic socialization and adolescence: a closer examination at stage‐salient issues. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28(3), 609–621.PubMed Stein, G. L., Coard, S. I., Kiang, L., Smith, R. K., & Mejia, Y. C. (2018). The intersection of racial-ethnic socialization and adolescence: a closer examination at stage‐salient issues. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28(3), 609–621.PubMed
go back to reference Stein, G, Gonzales, R. G., Coll, C. G., & Prandoni, J. I. (2016). Latino in rural, new immigrant destinations: a modification of the integrative model of child development. In L. J. Crockett & G. Carlo (Eds), Rural ethnic minority youth and families in the United States: theory, research, and applications (pp. 37–52). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. Stein, G, Gonzales, R. G., Coll, C. G., & Prandoni, J. I. (2016). Latino in rural, new immigrant destinations: a modification of the integrative model of child development. In L. J. Crockett & G. Carlo (Eds), Rural ethnic minority youth and families in the United States: theory, research, and applications (pp. 37–52). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
go back to reference Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62, 271–286.PubMed Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62, 271–286.PubMed
go back to reference Syed, M., & McLean, K. C. (2016). Understanding identity integration: theoretical, methodological, and applied issues. Journal of Adolescence, 47, 109–118.PubMed Syed, M., & McLean, K. C. (2016). Understanding identity integration: theoretical, methodological, and applied issues. Journal of Adolescence, 47, 109–118.PubMed
go back to reference Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–37). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–37). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
go back to reference Thompson, M. S., & Keith, V. M. (2001). The blacker the berry: gender, skin tone, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Gender & Society, 15, 336–357. Thompson, M. S., & Keith, V. M. (2001). The blacker the berry: gender, skin tone, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Gender & Society, 15, 336–357.
go back to reference Tran, A. G., & Lee, R. M. (2014). You speak English well! Asian Americans’ reactions to an exceptionalizing stereotype. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 484–490.PubMed Tran, A. G., & Lee, R. M. (2014). You speak English well! Asian Americans’ reactions to an exceptionalizing stereotype. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 484–490.PubMed
go back to reference Way, N. (1997). Adult and peer discrimination measure. Unpublished manuscript. Way, N. (1997). Adult and peer discrimination measure. Unpublished manuscript.
go back to reference Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2003). Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 200–208.PubMedPubMedCentral Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2003). Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 200–208.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Wong, C. A., Eccles, J. S., & Sameroff, A. (2003). The influence of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents’ school and socioemotional adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71, 1197–1232.PubMed Wong, C. A., Eccles, J. S., & Sameroff, A. (2003). The influence of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents’ school and socioemotional adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71, 1197–1232.PubMed
go back to reference Yip, T. (2016). To be or not to be: how ethnic/racial stereotypes influence ethnic/racial disidentification and psychological mood. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 22, 38–46.PubMed Yip, T. (2016). To be or not to be: how ethnic/racial stereotypes influence ethnic/racial disidentification and psychological mood. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 22, 38–46.PubMed
go back to reference Yakushko, O. (2009). Xenophobia: understanding the roots and consequences of negative attitudes toward immigrants. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 36–66. Yakushko, O. (2009). Xenophobia: understanding the roots and consequences of negative attitudes toward immigrants. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 36–66.
go back to reference Zarate, A. (2018). “You don’t look like you speak English”: raciolinguistic profiling and Latinx youth agency. In M. Bucholtz, D. I. Casillas & J. S. Lee (Eds), Feeling it: language, race, and affect in Latinx youth learning ( pp. 132–148). New York, NY and London: Routledge. Zarate, A. (2018). “You don’t look like you speak English”: raciolinguistic profiling and Latinx youth agency. In M. Bucholtz, D. I. Casillas & J. S. Lee (Eds), Feeling it: language, race, and affect in Latinx youth learning ( pp. 132–148). New York, NY and London: Routledge.
go back to reference Zou, L. X., & Cheryan, S. (2017). Two axes of subordination: a new model of racial position. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112, 696–717.PubMed Zou, L. X., & Cheryan, S. (2017). Two axes of subordination: a new model of racial position. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112, 696–717.PubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Discrimination, Skin Color Satisfaction, and Adjustment among Latinx American Youth
Auteurs
Lisa Kiang
Kathy Espino-Pérez
Gabriela L. Stein
Publicatiedatum
09-05-2020
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 10/2020
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01244-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 10/2020

Journal of Youth and Adolescence 10/2020 Naar de uitgave