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15-05-2021 | Empirical Research

Digital Social Multitasking (DSMT), Friendship Quality, and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Among Adolescents: Perceptions as Mediators

Auteurs: Chia-chen Yang, Thomas Pham, Jati Ariati, Christina Smith, Misti D. Foster

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 12/2021

Abstract

Most existing research assumes “phone use during face-to-face interactions” to be psychosocially detrimental. Drawing on the digital social multitasking framework, this study explored not only the negative but also positive implications of the behavior. A sample of 517 adolescents (M_age = 14.83, S.D. = 1.93; 50% female) recruited through the Qualtrics panel completed an online survey. Results showed that adolescents’ and their friend’s digital social multitasking were both associated with (1) greater perceived efficiency, which, in turn, was associated with competence need satisfaction, and (2) greater perceived connection, which, in turn, was associated with better friendship quality, autonomy need satisfaction, and relatedness need satisfaction. Adolescents’ own multitasking also had an indirect, negative relationship with friendship quality through perceived distraction, but friend’s multitasking did not compromise friendship quality. The study provides a more balanced picture, showing that despite the potential harm of digital social multitasking, adolescents’ phone use during face-to-face peer interactions also involves potential benefits for teens’ psychosocial well-being.

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As shown in Table 3, a few positive perceptions had high correlations (>0.70), and thus additional CFAs were performed to examine whether those scales should have been combined. When Perceived Information–Self and Perceived Efficiency–Self were combined, the model fit was fine, but the adjusted χ² showed a significant change (Sattora-Bentler Scaled Chi-Square Difference = 14.96, Δdf = 3, p = 0.002), suggesting that the four-factor model was a better one. Similarly, when Perceived Information–Friend and Perceived Efficiency–Friend were combined, the model fit was fine, but the adjusted χ² showed a significant change (Sattora-Bentler Scaled Chi-Square Difference = 8.76, Δdf = 3, p = 0.033), suggesting that the four-factor model was a better one. Because combining the most strongly correlated perceptions already hurt model fit, no further modification (combination) was performed. In the initial analysis, factor analysis was not performed on the need satisfaction scale because it was a published scale. However, because the three satisfactions had high correlations, CFAs were conducted to assess whether the presumed structure was reasonable. The results showed that the three-factor model (χ² (51) = 162.915, p = 0.000; RMSEA = 0.065, 90% CI [0.054–0.077]; CFI = 0.945; TLI = 0.929) fit better than the one-factor model (χ² (54) = 243.41, p = 0.000; RMSEA = 0.082, 90% CI [0.072–0.093]; CFI = 0.907; TLI = 0.886): Sattora-Bentler Scaled Chi-Square Difference = 63.46, Δdf = 3, p = 0.000. For both statistical and theoretical reasons, the presumed factor structures for positive perceptions and needs satisfaction were retained.

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Titel: Digital Social Multitasking (DSMT), Friendship Quality, and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Among Adolescents: Perceptions as Mediators
Auteurs: Chia-chen Yang
Thomas Pham
Jati Ariati
Christina Smith
Misti D. Foster
Publicatiedatum: 15-05-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 12/2021
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01442-y

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