Top

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

20-12-2019 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Differential Impact of Mindfulness Practices on Aggression Among Law Enforcement Officers

Auteurs: Leticia Ribeiro, Dana D. Colgan, Candice K. Hoke, Matthew Hunsinger, Sarah Bowen, Barry S. Oken, Michael S. Christopher

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 3/2020

Abstract

Objectives

Home-based mindfulness practice is a common component of formal mindfulness training (MT) protocols. Obtaining objective data from home-based mindfulness practice is challenging. Interpreting associations between home-based mindfulness practice and clinically impactful outcomes is complicated given the variability in recommendations in length, frequency, and type of practice. In this exploratory study, adherence to home-based practices of Mindfulness-Based Resilience Training (MBRT) was studied in order to evaluate associations with clinical outcomes.

Methods

Home practices from 24 (92% male, non-Hispanic White, aged M = 43.20 years) law enforcement officers (LEOs) from the urban Pacific Northwest enrolled in a feasibility and efficacy trial of MBRT were studied using an objective tracking device and self-report data. Outcomes included adherence to home-based mindfulness practices and self-reported aggression.

Results

Participants completed 59.12% of the frequency amount of practice assigned in the MBRT curriculum. Frequency of practice was associated with decreased aggression, adjusted R² = .41, F(3,23) = 6.14, p = .004. Duration of practice also predicted decreased aggression, adjusted R² = .33, F(3,23) = 4.76, p = .011.

Conclusions

Home-based MBRT practices for LEOs, even at low rates of adherence, may reduce aggression. MTs may show beneficial effects for other populations presented with challenges to engage in regular MT practices.

vorige artikel Feasibility of a Smartphone App with Mindfulness Training for Adolescent Smoking Cessation: Craving to Quit (C2Q)-Teen

volgende artikel Self-Compassion and Time Perception of Past Negative Events

Anālayo, B. (2011). Right view and the scheme of the four truths in early Buddhism—the Samyukta-āgama parallel to the Sammāditthi-sutta and the simile of the four skills of a physician. Canadian Journal of Buddhist Studies, 7, 11–44 Retrieved from https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/pdf/5-personen/analayo/right-view.pdf.

Avdija, A. S. (2014). Stress and law enforcers: testing the relationship between law enforcement work stressors and health-related issues. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2(1), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2013.878657. CrossRefPubMed

Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125–143.

Baer, R. A. (2009). Self-focused attention and mechanisms of change in mindfulness-based treatment. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38(S1), 15–20. CrossRefPubMed

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., et al. (2008). Construct validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107313003. CrossRefPubMed

Banerjee, M., Cavanagh, K., & Strauss, C. (2017). A qualitative study with healthcare staff exploring the facilitators and barriers to engaging in a self-help mindfulness-based intervention. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1653–1664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0740-z. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bergomi, C., Tschacher, W., & Kupper, Z. (2015). Meditation practice and self-reported mindfulness: a cross-sectional investigation of meditators and non-meditators using the Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences (CHIME). Mindfulness, 6(6), 1411–1421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0415-6. CrossRef

Bryant, F. B., & Smith, B. D. (2001). Refining the architecture of aggression: a measurement model for the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 35(2), 138–167. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.2000.2302. CrossRef

Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452. CrossRefPubMed

Can, S. H., & Hendy, H. M. (2014). Police stressors, negative outcomes associated with them and coping mechanisms that may reduce these associations. The Police Journal, 87(3), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1350/pojo.2014.87.3.676. CrossRef

Carlson, L. E., Tamagawa, R., Stephen, J., Drysdale, E., Zhong, L., & Speca, M. (2016). Randomized-controlled trial of mindfulness-based cancer recovery versus supportive expressive group therapy among distressed breast cancer survivors (MINDSET): long-term follow-up results. Psycho-Oncology, 25(7), 750–759. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4150. CrossRefPubMed

Cash, E., Salmon, P., Weissbecker, I., Rebholz, W. N., Bayley-Veloso, R., Zimmaro, L. A., et al. (2014). Mindfulness meditation alleviates fibromyalgia symptoms in women: results of a randomized clinical trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49(3), 319–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-014-9665-0. CrossRef

Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities?: a systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(3), 449–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.003. CrossRefPubMed

Christopher, M. S., Christopher, V., & Charoensuk, S. (2009). Assessing “western” mindfulness among Thai Theravāda Buddhist monks. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 12(3), 303–314. CrossRef

Christopher, M. S., Goerling, R. J., Rogers, B. S., Hunsinger, M., Baron, G., Bergman, A. L., & Zava, D. T. (2016). A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention on cortisol awakening response and health outcomes among law enforcement officers. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 31(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-015-9161-x. CrossRef

Christopher, M. S., Hunsinger, M., Goerling, L. R. J., Bowen, S., Rogers, B. S., Gross, C. R., et al. (2018). Mindfulness-based resilience training to reduce health risk, stress reactivity, and aggression among law enforcement officers: a feasibility and preliminary efficacy trial. Psychiatry Research, 264, 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.059. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Colgan, D. D., Christopher, M., Michael, P., & Wahbeh, H. (2016). The body scan and mindful breathing among veterans with PTSD: type of intervention moderates the relationship between changes in mindfulness and post-treatment depression. Mindfulness, 7(2), 372–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0453. CrossRefPubMed

Colgan, D. D., Wahbeh, H., Pleet, M., Besler, K., & Christopher, M. (2017). A qualitative study of mindfulness among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: practices differentially affect symptoms, aspects of well-being, and potential mechanisms of action. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 22(3), 482–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587216684999. CrossRef

Creswell, J. D., & Lindsay, E. K. (2014). How does mindfulness training affect health?: a mindfulness stress buffering account. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(6), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414547415. CrossRef

Davidson, R. J., & Kaszniak, A. W. (2015). Conceptual and methodological issues in research on mindfulness and meditation. American Psychologist, 70(7), 581. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039512. CrossRefPubMed

De Vibe, M., Bjørndal, A., Tipton, E., Hammerstrøm, K., & Kowalski, K. (2012). Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for improving health, quality of life, and social functioning in adults. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 8(1), 1–127. https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2012.3. CrossRef

Dewan, S., & Oppel, Jr., R. A. (2015). In Tamir Rice case, many errors by Cleveland police, then a fatal one. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/23/us/in-tamir-rice-shooting-in-cleveland-many-errors-by-police-then-a-fatal-one.html. Accessed 16 May 2017

Dobkin, P. L., & Zhao, Q. (2011). Increased mindfulness—the active component of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program? Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 17(1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.03.002. CrossRefPubMed

Dreeben, S. J., Mamberg, M. H., & Salmon, P. (2013). The MBSR body scan in clinical practice. Mindfulness, 4(4), 394–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0212-z. CrossRef

Dutton, M. A., Bermudez, D., Matas, A., Majid, H., & Myers, N. L. (2013). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for low-income, predominantly African American women with PTSD and a history of intimate partner violence. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(1), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.08.003. CrossRefPubMed

Eddy, A., Bergman, A. L., Kaplan, J. B., Goerling, R. & Christopher, M. S. (in press). A qualitative analysis investigation of the experience of mindfulness training among law enforcement officers. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology.

Feldman, G., Greeson, J., & Senville, J. (2010). Differential effects of mindful breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and loving-kindness meditation on decentering and negative reactions to repetitive thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(10), 1002–1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.06.006. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fix, R. L., & Fix, S. T. (2013). The effects of mindfulness-based treatments for aggression: a critical review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(2), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.11.009. CrossRef

Gershon, R. R., Barocas, B., Canton, A. N., Li, X., & Vlahov, D. (2009). Mental, physical, and behavioral outcomes associated with perceived work stress in police officers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(3), 275–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854808330015. CrossRef

Griffin, S. P., & Bernard, T. J. (2003). Angry aggression among police officers. Police Quarterly, 6(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611102250365. CrossRef

Gross, C. R., Kreitzer, M. J., Reilly-Spong, M., Wall, M., Winbush, N. Y., Patterson, R., et al. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction versus pharmacotherapy for chronic primary insomnia: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 7(2), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2010.12.003. CrossRef

Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., & Cavanagh, K. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 37, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.006. CrossRefPubMed

Hansen, K. E., Kesmodel, U. S., Kold, M., & Forman, A. (2017). Long-term effects of mindfulness-based psychological intervention for coping with pain in endometriosis: a six-year follow-up on a pilot study. Nordic Psychology, 69(2), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2016.1181562. CrossRef

Hoge, E. A., Guidos, B. M., Mete, M., Bui, E., Pollack, M. H., Simon, N. M., & Dutton, M. A. (2017). Effects of mindfulness meditation on occupational functioning and health care utilization in individuals with anxiety. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 95, 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.01.011. CrossRefPubMed

Hölzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S. M., Gard, T., & Lazar, S. W. (2011a). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 191(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.08.006. CrossRefPubMed

Hölzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011b). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(6), 537–559. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611419671. CrossRefPubMed

Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.3758/cabn.7.2.109. CrossRef

Jha, A. P., Morrison, A. B., Parker, S. C., & Stanley, E. A. (2017). Practice is protective: mindfulness training promotes cognitive resilience in high-stress cohorts. Mindfulness, 8(1), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0465-9. CrossRef

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: the program of the stress reduction clinic at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. New York, NY: Bantam Books.

Kabat-Zinn, J., Lipworth, L., & Burney, R. (1985). The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 8(2), 163–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00845519. CrossRefPubMed

Khoury, B., Sharma, M., Rush, S. E., & Fournier, C. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for healthy individuals: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78(6), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.009. CrossRefPubMed

King, A. P., Erickson, T. M., Giardino, N. D., Favorite, T., Rauch, S. A., Robinson, E., et al. (2013). A pilot study of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Depression and Anxiety, 30(7), 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22104. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kop, N., Euwema, M., & Schaufeli, W. (1999). Burnout, job stress and violent behaviour among Dutch police officers. Work & Stress, 13(4), 326–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379950019789. CrossRef

Kurtz, D. L., Zavala, E., & Melander, L. A. (2015). The influence of early strain on later strain, stress responses, and aggression by police officers. Criminal Justice Review, 40(2), 190–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016814564696. CrossRef

Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT). Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.011. CrossRefPubMed

Lloyd, A., White, R., Eames, C., & Crane, R. (2017). The utility of home-practice in mindfulness-based group interventions: a systematic review. Mindfulness, 9(3), 673–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0813-z. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lutz, A., Jha, A. P., Dunne, J. D., & Saron, C. D. (2015). Investigating the phenomenological matrix of mindfulness-related practices from a neurocognitive perspective. American Psychologist, 70(7), 632. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039585. CrossRefPubMed

Martinez, M. E., Kearney, D. J., Simpson, T., Felleman, B. I., Bernardi, N., & Sayre, G. (2015). Challenges to enrollment and participation in mindfulness-based stress reduction among veterans: a qualitative study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(7), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2014.0324. CrossRefPubMed

McCrathy, R. & Atkinson, M. (2012). Resilience training program reduces physiological and psychological stress in police officers. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 1(5), 44–66.

Moore, R. C., Depp, C. A., Wetherell, J. L., & Lenze, E. J. (2016). Ecological momentary assessment versus standard assessment instruments for measuring mindfulness, depressed mood, and anxiety among older adults. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 75, 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.01.011. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Nieuwenhuys, A., Savelsbergh, G. J., & Oudejans, R. R. (2012). Shoot or don't shoot? Why police officers are more inclined to shoot when they are anxious. Emotion, 12(4), 827. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025699. CrossRefPubMed

O'Hara, A.F., Violanti, J.M., Levenson, R.L., Jr., & Clark, R.G., Sr., (2013). National police suicide estimates: web surveillance study III. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 15, 31–38.

Oken, B. S. (2008). Placebo effects: clinical aspects and neurobiology. Brain, 131(11), 2812–2823. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn116. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Parsons, C. E., Crane, C., Parsons, L. J., Fjorback, L. O., & Kuyken, W. (2017). Home practice in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of participants’ mindfulness practice and its association with outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 95, 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.05.004. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Perich, T., Manicavasagar, V., Mitchell, P. B., Ball, J. R., & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 127(5), 333–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12033. CrossRefPubMed

Quach, D., Gibler, R. C., & Mano, K. E. J. (2017). Does home practice compliance make a difference in the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions for adolescents? Mindfulness, 8(2), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0624-7. CrossRef

Rajaratnam, S. M., Barger, L. K., Lockley, S. W., Shea, S. A., Wang, W., Landrigan, C. P., et al. (2011). Sleep disorders, health, and safety in police officers. Jama, 306(23), 2567–2578. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1851. CrossRefPubMed

Ribeiro, L., Atchley, R. M., & Oken, B. S. (2018). Adherence to practice of mindfulness in novice meditators: practices chosen, amount of time practiced, and long-term effects following a mindfulness-based intervention. Mindfulness, 9(2), 401–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0781-3. CrossRefPubMed

Ruffault, A., Czernichow, S., Hagger, M. S., Ferrand, M., Erichot, N., Carette, C., et al. (2017). The effects of mindfulness training on weight-loss and health-related behaviours in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 11(5), 90–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2016.09.002. CrossRef

Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M., Teasdale, J. D., & Gemar, M. (1996). A cognitive science perspective on kindling and episode sensitization in recurrent affective disorder. Psychological Medicine, 26(2), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700034760. CrossRefPubMed

Segal, Z. V., Williams, M., & Teasdale, J. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Vettese, L., Toneatto, T., Stea, J. N., Nguyen, L., & Wang, J. J. (2009). Do mindfulness meditation participants do their homework? And does it make a difference?: a review of the empirical evidence. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(3), 198–225. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.23.3.198. CrossRef

Violanti, J. M., Andrew, M. E., Burchfiel, C. M., Dorn, J., Hartley, T., & Miller, D. B. (2006). Posttraumatic stress symptoms and subclinical cardiovascular disease in police officers. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(4), 541. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.13.4.541. CrossRef

Violanti, J. M., Slaven, J. E., Charles, L. E., Burchfiel, C. M., Andrew, M. E., & Homish, G. G. (2011). Police and alcohol use: a descriptive analysis and associations with stress outcomes. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(4), 344–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-011-9121-7. CrossRef

Violanti, J., Mnatskanova, A., Michael, A., Tara, H., Desta, F., Penelope, B., & Cecil, B. (2014). Associations of stress, anxiety, and resiliency in police work. Occupational Environmental Medicine, 71(Suppl 1), A3–A3 Retrieved from: https://oem.bmj.com/content/71/Suppl_1/A3.2. CrossRef

Visted, E., Vøllestad, J., Nielsen, M. B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2015). The impact of group-based mindfulness training on self-reported mindfulness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 6(3), 501–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0283-5. CrossRef

Wahbeh, H., Zwickey, H., & Oken, B. (2011). One method for objective adherence measurement in mind–body medicine. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17(2), 175–177. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2010.0316. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wahbeh, H., Svalina, M. N., & Oken, B. S. (2014). Group, one-on-one, or internet? Preferences for mindfulness meditation delivery format and their predictors. Open Medicine Journal, 1, 66–74.

Titel: Differential Impact of Mindfulness Practices on Aggression Among Law Enforcement Officers
Auteurs: Leticia Ribeiro
Dana D. Colgan
Candice K. Hoke
Matthew Hunsinger
Sarah Bowen
Barry S. Oken
Michael S. Christopher
Publicatiedatum: 20-12-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 3/2020
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01289-2

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2020

Novel Associations Among Trauma, Mindfulness, and Impaired Control Over Alcohol Use

Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy for Ameliorating Fibromyalgia: Mediating Role of Mindfulness and Self-Compassion

Self-Compassion and Time Perception of Past Negative Events

Bolstering Cognitive Resilience via Train-the-Trainer Delivery of Mindfulness Training in Applied High-Demand Settings

Is Self-Compassion Protective Among Sexual- and Gender-Minority Adolescents Across Racial Groups?

The Effects of 8-Week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Cognitive Control: an EEG Study