Top

Gepubliceerd in:

23-04-2018 | Original Article

Development of the Interpretation Bias Index for PTSD

Auteurs: Joseph W. Boffa, Aaron M. Norr, Jamie L. Tock, Nader Amir, Norman B. Schmidt

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 5/2018

Abstract

Cognitive models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) implicate interpretation biases as a maintaining factor of symptoms. Existing measures index symptoms and negative beliefs in PTSD patients, but not threatening interpretation of socially-ambiguous information, which would further inform cognitive models of PTSD. Here we describe the development of a measure of interpretation bias specific to individuals with PTSD. Studies 1 and 2 utilized analog samples to identify the smallest set of items capable of differentiating PTSD-specific interpretation biases. Study 3 utilized a clinical sample to examine the factor structure of the 9-item Interpretation Bias Index for PTSD (IBIP). A bifactor model fit the IBIP best, comprising a general PTSD factor and two subfactors. The IBIP was most strongly related to PTSD symptoms and demonstrated sensitivity and specificity to detecting true PTSD cases. The IBIP has potential clinical utility for tracking interpretation bias in PTSD, or even screening for PTSD diagnoses.

vorige artikel Posttraumatic Cognitions and Suicidal Ideation Among Veterans Receiving PTSD Treatment

As an alternative demonstration of discriminant validity, separate hierarchical regression models tested the incremental effect of IBIP total and subscale scores in predicting PSWQ, BDI-II, and PCL-C scores. A similar pattern of results emerged, wherein after controlling for the other two symptom measures in the first step, the IBIP total and ‘hypervigilance/avoidance’ subscale scores contributed the largest amount of additional variance to PCL-C, PSWQ, and BDI-II scores, respectively, but the IBIP ‘intrusions’ subscale contributed unique variance only to PCL-C scores.

Adkins, J. W., Weathers, F. W., McDevitt-Murphy, M., & Daniels, J. B. (2008). Psychometric properties of seven self-report measures of posttraumatic stress disorder in college students with mixed civilian trauma exposure. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(8), 1393–1402.CrossRefPubMed

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edn.). Washington, DC.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edn.). Washington, DC.

Amir, N., Coles, M. E., & Foa, E. B. (2002). Automatic and strategic activation and inhibition of threat-relevant information in posttraumatic stress disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(5), 645–655.CrossRef

Amir, N., Prouvost, C., & Kuckertz, J. M. (2012). Lack of a benign interpretation bias in social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(2), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2012.662655.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Badura-Brack, A. S., Naim, R., Ryan, T. J., Levy, O., Abend, R., Khanna, M. M., et al. (2015). Effect of attention training on attention bias variability and PTSD symptoms: Randomized controlled trials in Israeli and US combat veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(12), 1233–1241. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121578.CrossRefPubMed

Beard, C., & Amir, N. (2009). Interpretation in social anxiety: When meaning precedes ambiguity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33(4), 406–415.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1988). Anxiety and depression: An information processing perspective. Anxiety Research, 1(1), 23–36.CrossRef

Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(1), 49–58.CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio, TX.

Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 57(1), 289–300.

Bomyea, J., Risbrough, V., & Lang, A. J. (2012). A consideration of select pre-trauma factors as key vulnerabilities in PTSD. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(7), 630–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.008.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bomyea, J., Stein, M. B., & Lang, A. J. (2015). Interference control training for PTSD: A randomized controlled trial of a novel computer-based intervention. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 34, 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.05.010.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chemtob, C., Roitblat, H. L., Hamada, R. S., Carlson, J. G., & Twentyman, C. T. (1988). A cognitive action theory of post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2(3), 253–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-6185(88)90006-0.CrossRef

Chen, F. F., Hayes, A., Carver, C. S., Laurenceau, J.-P., & Zhang, Z. (2012). Modeling general and specific variance in multifaceted constructs: A comparison of the bifactor model to other approaches. Journal of Personality, 80(1), 219–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00739.x.CrossRefPubMed

Dillon, K. H., Allan, N. P., Cougle, J. R., & Fincham, F. D. (2016). Measuring hostile interpretation bias: The WSAP-hostility scale. Assessment, 23(6), 707–719. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191115599052.CrossRefPubMed

Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0.CrossRefPubMed

Ehring, T., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1(3), 192–205.CrossRef

Elwood, L. S., Williams, N. L., Olatunji, B. O., & Lohr, J. M. (2007). Interpretation biases in victims and non-victims of interpersonal trauma and their relation to symptom development. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(4), 554–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.08.006.CrossRefPubMed

First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2015). Structured clinical interview for DSM-5—Research version (SCID-5-RV). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.

Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Tolin, D. F., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999). The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.303.CrossRef

Frans, Ö, Rimmö, P. A., Åberg, L., & Fredrikson, M. (2005). Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 111(4), 291–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00463.x.CrossRef

Fresco, D. M., Heimberg, R. G., Mennin, D. S., & Turk, C. L. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(3), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(00)00113-3.CrossRefPubMed

Hayton, J. C., Allen, D. G., & Scarpello, V. (2004). Factor retention decisions in exploratory factor analysis: A tutorial on parallel analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 7(2), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428104263675.CrossRef

Hindash, A. H. C., & Amir, N. (2012). Negative interpretation bias in individuals with depressive symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 502–511.CrossRef

Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000116.CrossRef

Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). LIfetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of dsm-iv disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593.CrossRefPubMed

Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). POsttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52(12), 1048–1060. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012.CrossRefPubMed

Kimble, M., Batterink, L., Marks, E., Ross, C., & Fleming, K. (2012). Negative expectancies in posttraumatic stress disorder: Neurophysiological (N400) and behavioral evidence. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(7), 849–855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.03.023.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kuckertz, J. M., Amir, N., Boffa, J. W., Warren, C. K., Rindt, S. E. M., Norman, S.,.. . McLay, R. (2014). The effectiveness of an attention bias modification program as an adjunctive treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.09.002.CrossRefPubMed

Kuckertz, J. M., Amir, N., Tobin, A. C., & Najmi, S. (2013). Interpretation of Ambiguity in Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(2), 232–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9478-z.CrossRef

MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130.CrossRef

Matsunaga, M. (2010). How to factor-analyze your data right: Do’s, don’ts, and how-to’s. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1), 97–110.CrossRef

Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State worry questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28(6), 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6.CrossRefPubMed

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2011). Mplus User’s Guide. Sixth Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

Nanney, J. T., Constans, J. I., Kimbrell, T. A., Kramer, T. L., & Pyne, J. M. (2015). Differentiating between appraisal process and product in cognitive theories of posttraumatic stress. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7(4), 372–381.CrossRef

Preacher, K. J., & Coffman, D. L. (2006). Computing power and minimum sample size for RMSEA. [Computer software]. http://quantpsy.org.

Reardon, J. M., & Williams, N. L. (2007). The specificity of cognitive vulnerabilities to emotional disorders: Anxiety sensitivity, looming vulnerability and explanatory style. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(5), 625–643.CrossRefPubMed

Reise, S. P. (2012). The Rediscovery of Bifactor Measurement Models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47(5), 667–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2012.715555.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Salemink, E., Kindt, M., Rienties, H., & van den Hout, M. (2014). Internet-based Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations in patients with anxiety disorders: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.10.005.CrossRefPubMed

Schmidt, N. B., Norr, A. M., Allan, N. P., Raines, A. M., & Capron, D. W. (2017). A randomized clinical trial targeting anxiety sensitivity for patients with suicidal ideation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(6), 596–610. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000195.CrossRefPubMed

Steer, R. A., & Clark, D. A. (1997). Psychometric characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with college students. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 30(3), 128.

Watson, D. (2005). Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(4), 522–536. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.522.CrossRefPubMed

Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1993). The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. In Paper presented at the annual convention of the international society for traumatic stress studies.

Williams, N. L., Shahar, G., Riskind, J. H., & Joiner, T. E. Jr. (2005). The looming maladaptive style predicts shared variance in anxiety disorder symptoms: Further support for a cognitive model of vulnerability to anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19(2), 157–175.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Development of the Interpretation Bias Index for PTSD
Auteurs: Joseph W. Boffa
Aaron M. Norr
Jamie L. Tock
Nader Amir
Norman B. Schmidt
Publicatiedatum: 23-04-2018
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 5/2018
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-9915-8

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2018

Emotion Specific Effects on Attentional Bias Among Women with Shape and Weight Concerns

Implicit Measures of Actual Versus Ideal Body Image: Relations with Self-Reported Body Dissatisfaction and Dieting Behaviors

Multisession Cognitive Bias Modification Targeting Multiple Biases in Adolescents with Elevated Social Anxiety

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Transdiagnostic Bibliotherapy Program for Anxiety and Related Disorders: Results From Two Studies Using a Benchmarking Approach

Diagnostic Features of Nonverbal Synchrony in Psychotherapy: Comparing Depression and Anxiety

Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder is Characterized by a Lack of Adaptive Coping Rather than an Excess of Maladaptive Coping