07-11-2018 | Uitgave 5/2019 Open Access

Development of Aggression Subtypes from Childhood to Adolescence: a Group-Based Multi-Trajectory Modelling Perspective
- Tijdschrift:
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology > Uitgave 5/2019
Electronic supplementary material
Publisher’s Note
ᅟ
Functions of Aggression
Trajectories of Forms and Functions of Aggression
Antecedent Risk Factors
Objectives
Method
Participants
Excluded Sample
(
N = 1436)
|
Current Sample
(
N = 787)
|
p
|
|
---|---|---|---|
Highest Maternal Diploma:
|
<0.001
|
||
No Diploma
|
288 (20%)
|
113 (14%)
|
|
High School Diploma
|
384 (27%)
|
200 (25%)
|
|
College Diploma
|
413 (29%)
|
231 (29%)
|
|
University Diploma
|
348 (24%)
|
243 (31%)
|
|
Maternal Age:
|
0.742
|
||
Less than 20 years
|
45 (3%)
|
19 (2%)
|
|
20–24 years
|
285 (20%)
|
145 (18%)
|
|
25–29 years
|
454 (32%)
|
248 (32%)
|
|
30–34 years
|
458 (32%)
|
271 (34%)
|
|
35–39 years
|
164 (11%)
|
86 (11%)
|
|
More than 40 years
|
29 (2%)
|
18 (2%)
|
|
Maternal Working Status (Unemployed):
|
451 (32%)
|
203 (26%)
|
0.004
|
Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy (Yes):
|
373 (26%)
|
182 (23%)
|
0.332
|
Maternal Ethnicity (Non-Canadian):
|
566 (40%)
|
245 (31%)
|
<0.001
|
Maternal Antisocial Behaviour
|
0.9 (1.0)
|
0.7 (0.8)
|
0.002
|
Single Parent Family (Yes):
|
133 (9%)
|
41 (5%)
|
0.003
|
Family Income Less than 19,999 (Yes):
|
275 (20%)
|
83 (11%)
|
<0.001
|
Child Sex (Boys):
|
800 (56%)
|
338 (43%)
|
<0.001
|
Outcome Measures
Antecedent Characteristics
Statistical Analysis
Trajectory Group
|
N
|
Average Posterior Probability of Group Membership
|
Odds of Correct Classification
|
---|---|---|---|
1
|
203 (26.6%)
|
81.7%
|
12.8
|
2
|
272 (33.7%)
|
90.5%
|
17.9
|
3
|
56 (7.4%)
|
87.0%
|
87.1
|
4
|
218 (27.4%)
|
86.8%
|
17.1
|
5
|
38 (4.9%)
|
95.3%
|
402.8
|
Results
Low Stable (
n = 203)
|
Non-Aggressors (
n = 272)
|
Moderate Engagers (
n = 218)
|
High Desisting (
n = 56)
|
High Chronic (
n = 38)
|
p
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family Factors
|
||||||
Low income (less than $19,999 annually):
|
6.5%
|
11.0%
|
11.1%
|
14.3%
|
21.1%
|
0.063
|
Single parent family:
|
5.4%
|
3.3%
|
5.5%
|
7.1%
|
13.2%
|
0.120
|
Maternal Factors
|
||||||
Less than high school diploma:
|
11.8%
|
11.4%
|
15.1%
|
23.2%
|
31.6%
|
0.003
|
Less than 21 years at birth of 1st child:
|
18.0%
|
16.1%
|
21.8%
|
20.0%
|
31.6%
|
0.163
|
Smoking during pregnancy:
|
22.2%
|
20.6%
|
24.8%
|
23.2%
|
36.8%
|
0.103
|
Postnatal depression:
|
9.9%
|
8.1%
|
12.8%
|
26.8%
|
23.7%
|
<0.001
|
Child Factors:
|
||||||
Born preterm:
|
6.4%
|
2.6%
|
7.3%
|
3.6%
|
2.6%
|
0.113
|
Low birth weight:
|
5.9%
|
2.6%
|
3.7%
|
1.8%
|
0.0%
|
0.202
|
Caesarean birth:
|
14.8%
|
12.9%
|
18.1%
|
10.7%
|
10.5%
|
0.416
|
First born child:
|
42.9%
|
49.3%
|
44.0%
|
37.5%
|
50.0%
|
0.397
|
Sex: Boy
|
24.1%
|
37.1%
|
61.0%
|
41.1%
|
84.2%
|
<0.001
|
Parenting Factors:
|
||||||
Never breastfed:
|
22.2%
|
21.5%
|
32.1%
|
33.9%
|
43.2%
|
<0.001
|
Means
|
||||||
Maternal adolescent antisocial behaviour:
|
0.8 (0.9)
|
0.6 (0.8)
|
0.8 (0.8)
|
1.0 (0.9)
|
0.8 (0.8)
|
0.037
|
Maternal IQ:
|
8.3 (0.9)
|
8.2 (1.0)
|
8.2 (0.9)
|
7.9 (1.0)
|
7.5 (1.2)
|
<0.001
|
Positive Parenting:
|
6.8 (0.7)
|
6.8 (0.9)
|
6.8 (0.9)
|
6.7 (0.8)
|
6.7 (0.6)
|
0.972
|
Coercive Parenting:
|
2.3 (0.7)
|
2.2 (0.7)
|
2.5 (0.8)
|
2.5 (0.6)
|
2.7 (0.8)
|
<0.001
|
Receptive Language (child at 6 years):
|
117.2(15.0)
|
117.7(17.1)
|
117.2(15.3)
|
113.5(14.5)
|
113.4(17.2)
|
0.333
|
Risk at birth (CSNR):
|
0.9 (1.1)
|
0.9 (1.1)
|
1.0 (1.3)
|
0.8 (1.2)
|
0.9 (1.2)
|
0.209
|
Moderate-Engagers
|
High-Desisting
|
High-Chronic
|
|
---|---|---|---|
Maternal Diploma (Less than High School):
|
1.5(0.4) [0.8–2.8]
|
1.9(0.8) [0.8–4.3]
|
4.3(2.3) [1.5–12.4]
|
Maternal IQ: (High)
|
1.0(0.1) [0.8–1.2]
|
0.7(0.1) [0.5–0.9]
|
0.6(0.1) [0.4–0.9]
|
Maternal Postnatal Depression (Yes):
|
1.6(0.5) [0.8–3.1]
|
3.2(1.3) [1.4–7.4]
|
2.9(1.5) [0.9–8.3]
|
Maternal Adolescent Antisocial Behaviour:
|
1.1(0.1) [0.8–1.3]
|
1.3(0.2) [0.8–1.7]
|
1.1(0.2) [0.6–1.7]
|
Coercive Parenting:
|
1.7(0.2) [1.2–2.1]
|
1.5(0.3) [0.9–2.2]
|
2.5(0.6) [1.4–4.2]
|
Breastfeeding
|
|||
Never:
|
2.2(0.5) [1.2–3.6]
|
2.2(1.0) [0.8–5.7]
|
2.3(1.3) [0.7–7.2]
|
Up to 6 months:
|
1.2(0.2) [0.7–1.9]
|
2.1(0.8) [0.8–4.7]
|
0.9(0.5) [0.3–2.9]
|
Child Sex (Boy):
|
3.9(0.7) [2.6–5.8]
|
1.8(0.5) [0.9–3.4]
|
13.5(7.7) [4.4–41.3]
|