Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

01-04-2009 | Wetenschappelijke artikelen

Determinanten van loodconcentraties in bloed van Rotterdamse kinderen

Auteurs: E. L. Peeters, A. Burdorf, A. B. Roeloffzen

Gepubliceerd in: TSG - Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen | Uitgave 4/2009

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Samenvatting

Doel van dit onderzoek was om inzicht te verkrijgen in de loodconcentraties in bloed van kinderen en deze te vergelijken met de belasting die is gemeten in 1992 en 1981. Bij 250 kinderen van 1 t/m 6 jaar in verschillende wijken in Rotterdam zijn bloedmonsters genomen. In een vragenlijst hebben ouders informatie gegeven over leef- en woonomstandigheden. De mediaan van de gevonden loodconcentraties in bloed bedroeg 18,1 μg/l (bereik 5,2 - 103,1μg/l; p25 13,7; p75 24,9 μg/l). De loodconcentraties in bloed waren ten opzichte van de vorige onderzoeken opnieuw sterk gedaald (65-70%). Dit komt waarschijnlijk doordat lood uit lucht, drinkwater en voeding verdwijnt. In een multivariabel regressiemodel toonden de volgende variabelen een relatie met lood in bloed: lood in bodem, bouwjaar woning, leeftijd, aanwezigheid loden leidingen, voeding en hand-mond contact. De loodconcentratie in bloed neemt met 12% (95%-BI 1%-25%) toe bij een toename van 100 mg/kg lood in de bodem. Dit onderzoek concludeert dat in Rotterdam lood in bodem een beperkte invloed heeft op lood in bloed. Aanscherping dan wel verruiming van de interventiewaarde voor lood in bodem zal slechts een gering effect hebben op de gezondheid van kinderen in Rotterdam.
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Wijnen JH van, Clausing P, Brunekreef B. Estimated soil ingestion by children. Environ Res 1990;51:147-62. Wijnen JH van, Clausing P, Brunekreef B. Estimated soil ingestion by children. Environ Res 1990;51:147-62.
2.
go back to reference Willems T, Verberk MM. Risico’s van lood voor kinderen in Nederland. Bilthoven: CCRX Coördinatie-Commissie voor Metingen in het Milieu, 1995. Willems T, Verberk MM. Risico’s van lood voor kinderen in Nederland. Bilthoven: CCRX Coördinatie-Commissie voor Metingen in het Milieu, 1995.
3.
go back to reference U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Interaction Profile for: lead, manganese, zinc and copper. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Interaction Profile for: lead, manganese, zinc and copper. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004.
4.
go back to reference Brunekreef B. The relationship between environmental lead and blood lead in children: a study in environmental epidemiology. Wageningen: Wageningen Universiteit, 1985. Brunekreef B. The relationship between environmental lead and blood lead in children: a study in environmental epidemiology. Wageningen: Wageningen Universiteit, 1985.
5.
go back to reference Slob R, Wijnen JH van. De belasting met lood en PAK (pyreen) van jonge kinderen in verschillende omgevingssituaties. Amsterdam: GG&GD Amsterdam, 1993. Slob R, Wijnen JH van. De belasting met lood en PAK (pyreen) van jonge kinderen in verschillende omgevingssituaties. Amsterdam: GG&GD Amsterdam, 1993.
6.
go back to reference Canfield RL, Henderson CR, Cory-Slechta DA, Cox C, Jusko TA, Lanphear BP. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 μg per decilitre. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1517-26. Canfield RL, Henderson CR, Cory-Slechta DA, Cox C, Jusko TA, Lanphear BP. Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 μg per decilitre. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1517-26.
7.
go back to reference Rogan WJ, Ware JH. Exposure to lead in children – How low is low enough? N Eng J Med 2003;348:1515-6. Rogan WJ, Ware JH. Exposure to lead in children – How low is low enough? N Eng J Med 2003;348:1515-6.
8.
go back to reference Schütz A, Attewell R, Skerfving S. Decreasing blood lead in Swedisch children, 1978-1988. Arch Environ Health 1989;44:391-4. Schütz A, Attewell R, Skerfving S. Decreasing blood lead in Swedisch children, 1978-1988. Arch Environ Health 1989;44:391-4.
9.
go back to reference Brockhaus A, Collet W, et al. Exposure to lead and cadmium of children living in different areas of North-West Germany : results of biological monitoring studies 1982-1986. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1988;60:211-22. Brockhaus A, Collet W, et al. Exposure to lead and cadmium of children living in different areas of North-West Germany : results of biological monitoring studies 1982-1986. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1988;60:211-22.
10.
go back to reference Jin A, Hertzman C, Peck SHS, Lockitch G. Blood lead levels in children aged 24 to 36 months in Vancouver. Can Med Assoc J 1995;152:1077-86. Jin A, Hertzman C, Peck SHS, Lockitch G. Blood lead levels in children aged 24 to 36 months in Vancouver. Can Med Assoc J 1995;152:1077-86.
11.
go back to reference Rothenberg SJ, Williams FA, et al. Blood lead levels in children in South Central Los Angeles. Arch Environ Health 1996;51:383-8. Rothenberg SJ, Williams FA, et al. Blood lead levels in children in South Central Los Angeles. Arch Environ Health 1996;51:383-8.
12.
go back to reference Schilling RJ, Bain RP. Prediction of children’s blood lead levels on the basis of household-specific soil lead levels. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:197-205. Schilling RJ, Bain RP. Prediction of children’s blood lead levels on the basis of household-specific soil lead levels. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:197-205.
13.
go back to reference Lanphear BP, Hornung R, Ho M, Howard CR, Eberle S, Knauf K. Environmental lead exposure during early childhood. Pediatrics 2002;140:40-7. Lanphear BP, Hornung R, Ho M, Howard CR, Eberle S, Knauf K. Environmental lead exposure during early childhood. Pediatrics 2002;140:40-7.
14.
go back to reference US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. Preventing lead poisoning in young children. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1991. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. Preventing lead poisoning in young children. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1991.
15.
go back to reference World Health Organization. Environmental Health Criteria 165 Inorganic Lead. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Geneve: WHO, 1995. World Health Organization. Environmental Health Criteria 165 Inorganic Lead. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Geneve: WHO, 1995.
16.
go back to reference Selevan SG, Rice DC, Hogan KA, Euling SY, Pfahles-Hutchens A, Bethel J. Blood lead concentration and delayed puberty in girls. N Eng J Med 2003;348:1527-36. Selevan SG, Rice DC, Hogan KA, Euling SY, Pfahles-Hutchens A, Bethel J. Blood lead concentration and delayed puberty in girls. N Eng J Med 2003;348:1527-36.
17.
go back to reference Lanphear BP, Dietrich K, Auinger P, Cox C. Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations <10 μg/dl in US children and adolescents. Public Health Reports 2000;115:521-9. Lanphear BP, Dietrich K, Auinger P, Cox C. Cognitive deficits associated with blood lead concentrations <10 μg/dl in US children and adolescents. Public Health Reports 2000;115:521-9.
18.
go back to reference Kordas K, Canfield RL, et al. Deficits in cognitive function and achievement in Mexican first-graders with low blood lead concentrations. Environ Res, 2006;100:371-86. Kordas K, Canfield RL, et al. Deficits in cognitive function and achievement in Mexican first-graders with low blood lead concentrations. Environ Res, 2006;100:371-86.
19.
go back to reference Rothenberg SJ, Rothenberg JC. Testing the dose-response specification in epidemiology: public health and policy consequences for lead. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:1190-5. Rothenberg SJ, Rothenberg JC. Testing the dose-response specification in epidemiology: public health and policy consequences for lead. Environ Health Perspect 2005;113:1190-5.
20.
go back to reference Gezondheidsraad. Risico van bodemverontreiniging voor de mens: bodemonderzoek, modellen en normen. Rapportnr. 2004/15. Den Haag: Gezondheidsraad, 2004. Gezondheidsraad. Risico van bodemverontreiniging voor de mens: bodemonderzoek, modellen en normen. Rapportnr. 2004/15. Den Haag: Gezondheidsraad, 2004.
21.
go back to reference Ingenieursbureau Gemeentewerken Rotterdam. Indicatieve bodemkaart gemeente Rotterdam; contactzone 0,0 – 1,0 m-mv, bijlage nota Actief Bodem- en Bouwstoffenbeheer Rotterdam. Rotterdam: Ingenieursbureau Gemeentewerken Rotterdam, september 2000. Ingenieursbureau Gemeentewerken Rotterdam. Indicatieve bodemkaart gemeente Rotterdam; contactzone 0,0 – 1,0 m-mv, bijlage nota Actief Bodem- en Bouwstoffenbeheer Rotterdam. Rotterdam: Ingenieursbureau Gemeentewerken Rotterdam, september 2000.
22.
go back to reference U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Lead Toxicity. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Lead Toxicity. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000.
24.
go back to reference Manton WI, Angle CR, Stanek KL, Reese YR, Kuehnemann TJ. Acquisition and retention of lead by young children. Environ Res 2000;82:60-80. Manton WI, Angle CR, Stanek KL, Reese YR, Kuehnemann TJ. Acquisition and retention of lead by young children. Environ Res 2000;82:60-80.
25.
go back to reference Zierold KM. Factors associated with blood lead level decline rates in children 0-6 years old. The 131st Annual Meeting of American Public Health Association, 2003. Zierold KM. Factors associated with blood lead level decline rates in children 0-6 years old. The 131st Annual Meeting of American Public Health Association, 2003.
26.
go back to reference Boer LM de, Ritsema R, Piso S, Staden H van, Beld W van den. Practical and quality-control aspects of multi-element analysis with quadrupole ICP–MS with special attention to urine and whole blood. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004;379:872–80. Boer LM de, Ritsema R, Piso S, Staden H van, Beld W van den. Practical and quality-control aspects of multi-element analysis with quadrupole ICP–MS with special attention to urine and whole blood. Anal Bioanal Chem 2004;379:872–80.
27.
go back to reference Keuringsdienst van Waren. Het Contaminantenboekje. Een overzicht van stoffen die drink- en eetwaren verontreinigen. Hoofdinspectie Gezondheidsbescherming. Rijswijk: Keuringsdienst van Waren, 1991. Keuringsdienst van Waren. Het Contaminantenboekje. Een overzicht van stoffen die drink- en eetwaren verontreinigen. Hoofdinspectie Gezondheidsbescherming. Rijswijk: Keuringsdienst van Waren, 1991.
28.
go back to reference Whitfield JB, Dy V, McQuilty R, e.a. Evidence of genetic effects on blood lead concentration. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:1124-30. Whitfield JB, Dy V, McQuilty R, e.a. Evidence of genetic effects on blood lead concentration. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:1124-30.
29.
go back to reference Oomen AG, Brandon EFA, Swartjes FA, Sips AJAM. How can information on oral bioavailability improve human health risk assessment for lead-contaminated soils? Implementation and scientific basis. Rapport 711701042. Bilthoven: RIVM, 2006. Oomen AG, Brandon EFA, Swartjes FA, Sips AJAM. How can information on oral bioavailability improve human health risk assessment for lead-contaminated soils? Implementation and scientific basis. Rapport 711701042. Bilthoven: RIVM, 2006.
30.
go back to reference Hagens WI, Sips AJAM, Lijzen JPA, Oomen AG. Richtlijn: bepalen van de orale biobeschikbaarheid van lood uit de bodem. Rapport 711701081. Bilthoven: RIVM, 2009. Hagens WI, Sips AJAM, Lijzen JPA, Oomen AG. Richtlijn: bepalen van de orale biobeschikbaarheid van lood uit de bodem. Rapport 711701081. Bilthoven: RIVM, 2009.
31.
go back to reference Hagens WI, Lijzen JPA, Sips AJAM, Oomen AG. The bioaccessibility and relative bioavailability of lead from soils for fasted and fed conditions. Derivation of the "average physiological state" correction factor. Briefrapport 711701080. Bilthoven: RIVM, 2009. Hagens WI, Lijzen JPA, Sips AJAM, Oomen AG. The bioaccessibility and relative bioavailability of lead from soils for fasted and fed conditions. Derivation of the "average physiological state" correction factor. Briefrapport 711701080. Bilthoven: RIVM, 2009.
32.
go back to reference Miranda ML, Kim D, Overstreet Galeano MA et al. The relationship between early childhood blood lead levels and performance on end-of-grade tests. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:1242-7. Miranda ML, Kim D, Overstreet Galeano MA et al. The relationship between early childhood blood lead levels and performance on end-of-grade tests. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:1242-7.
Metagegevens
Titel
Determinanten van loodconcentraties in bloed van Rotterdamse kinderen
Auteurs
E. L. Peeters
A. Burdorf
A. B. Roeloffzen
Publicatiedatum
01-04-2009
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
TSG - Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen / Uitgave 4/2009
Print ISSN: 1388-7491
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-8776
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03082225