Cancer screening can facilitate early detection that improves survival, but also can identify an abnormal finding that is not malignant and deemed benign. While such false positive (FP) results can impact a variety of psychological outcomes, little is known about demographic, clinical, dispositional, and social-environmental characteristics associated with psychological outcomes after a FP result. Women participating in an ovarian cancer (OC) screening program and experiencing a FP screening test result (n = 375) completed assessments at baseline and 4-months. Results indicated greater social constraint and less education were linked to greater OC-specific distress at both assessments. Short-term predictors included less optimism and no previous abnormal test, while longer-term predictors were fewer previous screens and the interaction between OC family history and monitoring coping style. Younger age, less education, less optimism, greater social constraint, and family history of OC were associated with greater perceptions of OC risk. Brief interventions prior to screening may minimize the negative impact of a false positive result and not interfere with compliant participation in screening programs.
