Top

Cognitive Therapy and Research

Gepubliceerd in:

07-10-2021 | Original Article

Defining and Measuring Tolerance of Uncontrollability

Auteurs: Aleena Hay, Abigail L. Barthel, Danielle M. Moskow, Stefan G. Hofmann

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 2/2022

Abstract

Background

Life is filled with situations that remain completely beyond our control. Yet, some people seem better able to tolerate this uncontrollability than others. To date, little research has focused on understanding how people feel about the uncontrollability of life (i.e., tolerance of uncontrollability).

Methods

This article introduces and describes tolerance of uncontrollability while distinguishing it from other related constructs, including intolerance of uncertainty, perception and level of control, learned helplessness, and global beliefs, such as religion and spirituality, optimism and pessimism, mindfulness, and distress tolerance. To measure an individual’s tolerance of uncontrollability, we developed the Tolerance of Uncontrollability Questionnaire (TOUQ) and administered it, together with other measures on possibly related constructs, to 300 individuals (data were analyzed from 226 participants).

Results

After running exploratory factor analysis, the final version of the TOUQ consists of 19 items that load onto one factor, with excellent internal consistency (α = 0.97). Scores on the TOUQ were moderately related to intolerance of uncertainty and optimism, and weakly related to specific mindfulness factors.

Conclusions

The TOUQ measures a unique construct and shows evidence of reliability and validity.

volgende artikel Transdiagnostic Processes as Mediators of Change in an Internet-Delivered Intervention Based on the Unified Protocol

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Amadi, K. U., Uwakwe, R., Odinka, P. C., Ndukuba, A. C., Muomah, C. R., & Ohaeri, J. U. (2016). Religion, coping and outcome in our-patients with depression or diabetes mellitus. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 133, 489–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12537CrossRefPubMed

Andersson, G. (1996). The benefits of optimism: A meta-analytic review of the Life Orientation Test. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 719–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00118-3CrossRef

Anestis, M. D., Selby, E. A., Fink, E. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2007). The multifaceted role of distress tolerance in dysregulated eating behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 718–726. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20471CrossRef

Baer, R. A., Carmody, J., & Hunsinger, M. (2012). Weekly change in mindfulness and perceived stress in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68, 755–765. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21865CrossRefPubMed

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504CrossRefPubMed

Benson, J. S., & Kennelly, K. J. (1976). Learned helplessness: The result of uncontrollable reinforcements or uncontrollable aversive stimuli? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.34.1.138CrossRef

Bernstein, A., Marshall, E. C., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2011). Multi-method evaluation of distress tolerance measures and construct (s): Concurrent relations to mood and anxiety psychopathology and quality of life. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 2, 386–399. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.006610CrossRef

Bernstein, A., Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., & Moos, R. (2009). Anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, and discomfort intolerance: A hierarchical model of affect sensitivity and Tolerance. Behavior Therapy, 40, 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.08.001CrossRefPubMed

Birrell, J., Meares, K., Wilkinson, A., & Freeston, M. (2011). Toward a definition of intolerance of uncertainty: A review of factor analytical studies of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 1198–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.009CrossRefPubMed

Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). Best practiced for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford Publications.

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598298CrossRef

Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). Investigating the construct validity of intolerance of uncertainty and its unique relationship with worry. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 222–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.12.004CrossRefPubMed

Carleton, R. N., Mulvogue, M. K., Thibodeau, M. A., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Asmundson, G. J. (2012). Increasingly certain about uncertainty: Intolerance of uncertainty across anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 468–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.011CrossRefPubMed

Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the intolerance of uncertainty scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014CrossRefPubMed

Cattell, R. B. (1966). The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1, 245–276. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10CrossRefPubMed

Cherlin, A., & Bourque, L. (1974). Dimensionality and reliability of the rotter I-E scale. Sociometry, 37, 565–582. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786428CrossRef

Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.3CrossRefPubMed

Chorpita, B. F., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). Perceived control as a mediator of family environment in etiological models of childhood anxiety. Behavior Therapy, 29, 457–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80043-9CrossRef

Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment & Evaluation, 10, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995627.d8CrossRef

Cumming, G. (2014). The new statistics: Why and how. Psychological Science, 25, 7–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613504966CrossRefPubMed

Cunningham, A. J., Lockwood, G. A., & Cunningham, J. A. (1991). A relationship between perceived self-efficacy and quality of life in cancer patients. Patient Education and Counseling, 17, 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0738-3991(91)90052-7CrossRefPubMed

Drake, L., Duncan, E., Sutherland, F., Abernethy, C., & Henry, C. (2008). Time perspective and correlates of wellbeing. Time & Society, 17, 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X07086304CrossRef

Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of uncertainty and worry: Investigating specificity in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005553414688CrossRef

Franklin, B. (1907). The writings of Benjamin Franklin 10 volumes. The Macmillan Company.

Freeston, M. H., Rhéaume, J., Letarte, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceur, R. (1994). Why do people worry? Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 791–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90048-5CrossRef

Gartner, J. (1996). Religious commitment, mental health, and pro-social behavior: A review of the empirical literature. In E. P. Shafranske (Ed.), Religion and the clinical practice of psychology (pp. 187–214). American Psychological Association.CrossRef

Goodman, J. K., Cryder, C. E., & Cheema, A. (2013). Data collection in a flat world: The strengths and weaknesses of Mechanical Turk samples. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 26, 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1753CrossRef

Havranek, M. M., Bolliger, B., Roos, S., Pryce, C. R., Quednow, B. B., & Seifritz, E. (2016). Uncontrollable and unpredictable stress interacts with subclinical depression and anxiety scores in determining anxiety response. Stress, 19, 53–52. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2015.1117449CrossRefPubMed

Hayes, S. C., Bissett, R. T., Korn, Z., Zettle, R. D., Rosenfarb, I. S., Cooper, L. D., & Grundt, A. M. (1999). The impact of acceptance versus control rationales on pain tolerance. The Psychological Record, 49, 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395305CrossRef

Hofmann, S. G. (2005). Perception of control over anxiety mediates the relation between catastrophic thinking and social anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 885–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.07.002CrossRefPubMed

Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology., 78, 169–183. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018555CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Klonowicz, T. (2001). Discontented people: Reactivity and locus of control as determinants of subjective well-being. European Journal of Personality, 15, 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.387CrossRef

Kocovski, N. L., Segal, Z. V., Battista, S. R., & Didonna, F. (2009). Mindfulness and psychopathology: Problem formulation. In F. Didonna (Ed.), Clinical handbook of mindfulness (pp. 85–98). Springer.CrossRef

Koenig, H. G., & Büssing, A. (2010). The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A five-item measure for use in epidemiological studies. Religions, 1, 78–85. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel1010078CrossRef

Larson, D. B., Sherrill, K. A., Lyons, J. S., Craigie, F. C., Thielman, S. B., Greenwold, M. A., & Larson, S. S. (1992). Associations between dimensions of religious commitment and mental health reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry and Archives of General Psychiatry: 1978–1989. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 557–559. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.4.557CrossRef

Leotti, L. A., Iyengar, S. S., & Ochsner, K. N. (2010). Born to choose: The origins and value of the need for control. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 457–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.08.001CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Leyro, T. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2010). Distress tolerance and psychopathological symptoms and disorders: A review of the empirical literature among adults. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 576. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019712CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Linehan, M. M. (1993). Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Skills training manual for treating borderline personality disorder. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.

Maier, S. F., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976). Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105, 3–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.105.1.3CrossRef

Meyers, L. S., & Wong, D. T. (1988). Validation of a new test of locus of control: The Internal Control Index. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48, 753–761. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164488483024CrossRef

Nes, L. S., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2006). Dispositional optimism and coping: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_3CrossRefPubMed

Nock, M. K., & Mendes, W. B. (2008). Physiological arousal, distress tolerance, and social problem-solving deficits among adolescent self-injurers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.1.28CrossRefPubMed

O’Connor, B. P. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer’s MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32(3), 396–402. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03200807CrossRef

Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping. Guilford Press.

Pu, J., Hou, H., & Ma, R. (2017). The mediating effects of self-esteem and trait anxiety mediate on the impact of locus of control on subjective well-being. Current Psychology, 36, 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9397-8CrossRef

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306CrossRef

Rasmussen, H. N., Scheier, M. F., & Greenhouse, J. B. (2009). Optimism and physical health: A meta-analytic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 239–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9111-xCrossRefPubMed

Rosser, B. A. (2019). Intolerance of uncertainty as a transdiagnostic mechanism of psychological difficulties: A systematic review of evidence pertaining to causality and temporal precedence. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 43, 438–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-9964-zCrossRef

Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0092976CrossRef

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will? Journal of Personality, 74, 1557–1585. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00420.xCrossRefPubMed

Ryon, H. S., & Gleason, M. E. (2014). The role of locus of control in daily life. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40, 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213507087CrossRefPubMed

Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A re-evaluation of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063–1078. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063CrossRefPubMed

Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and psychological well-being. In E. C. Chang (Ed.), Optimism & pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice (pp. 189–216). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10385-009CrossRef

Scheier, M. F., Weintraub, J. K., & Carver, C. S. (1986). Coping with stress: Divergent strategies of optimists and pessimists. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1257–1264. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1257CrossRefPubMed

Seligman, M. E., & Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024514CrossRefPubMed

Seybold, K. S., & Hill, P. C. (2001). The role of religion and spirituality in mental and physical health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 21–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00106CrossRef

Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005). The distress tolerance scale: Development and validation of a self-report measure. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 83–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-005-7955-3CrossRef

Teodorescu, K., & Erev, I. (2014). Learned helplessness and learned prevalence: Exploring the causal relations among perceived controllability, reward prevalence, and exploration. Association for Psychological Science, 25, 1861–1869. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614543022CrossRef

Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A beginner’s guide to factor analysis: Focusing on exploratory factor analysis. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 9, 79–94. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079CrossRef

Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., Bernstein, A., & Leyro, T. (2010). Distress tolerance: Theory, measurement, and relations to psychopathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 406–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410388642CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: Defining and Measuring Tolerance of Uncontrollability
Auteurs: Aleena Hay
Abigail L. Barthel
Danielle M. Moskow
Stefan G. Hofmann
Publicatiedatum: 07-10-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 2/2022
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-021-10259-9

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2022

Envision A Bright Future to Heal Your Negative Mood: A Trial in China

Transdiagnostic Processes as Mediators of Change in an Internet-Delivered Intervention Based on the Unified Protocol

Negative Posttraumatic Cognitions Color the Pathway from Event Centrality to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

Evaluating Experiential Avoidance in terms of COVID-19 Fear and Pandemic Emotional Distress Symptoms Among Latinx Adults

Belonging Buffers the Impact of Cognitive Vulnerabilities on Affective Symptoms

Empirical Evidence of the Metacognitive Model of Rumination and Depression in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis