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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

28-12-2019

Decision-Making Deficits in Adolescent Boys with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): an Experimental Assessment of Associated Mechanisms

Auteurs: Tycho J. Dekkers, Hilde M. Huizenga, Arne Popma, Anika Bexkens, Jacqueline N. Zadelaar, Brenda R. J. Jansen

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 4/2020

Abstract

Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) demonstrate increased levels of real-life risk-taking behavior like substance abuse and reckless behavior in traffic, which potentially originates in decision-making deficits. Using experimental gambling tasks, the current study investigated three potential underlying mechanisms: (1) risky vs. suboptimal decision making, (2) the complexity of decision-making strategies and (3) the influence of feedback. Participants were 181 male adolescents (81 ADHD, 100 Typically Developing (TD); M_age = 15.1 years). First, we addressed a common confound in many gambling tasks by disentangling risk seeking from suboptimal decision making, and found that ADHD-related decision-making deficits do not originate in increased risk seeking but in suboptimal decision making. Second, we assessed decision-making strategies with a Bayesian latent mixture analysis and found that ADHD-related decision-making deficits are characterized by the use of less complex strategies. That is, adolescent boys with ADHD, relative to TD adolescent boys, less often adopted strategies in which all characteristics relevant to make an optimal decision were integrated. Third, we administered two gambling task conditions with feedback in which adolescents experience the outcomes of their decisions and found that adolescents with ADHD performed worse relative to TD adolescents on both conditions. Altogether, this set of studies demonstrated consistent decision-making deficits in adolescent boys with ADHD: The use of less complex decision-making strategies may cause suboptimal decision making, both in situations with and without direct feedback on performance.

vorige artikel Executive Function and Trajectories of Emotion Dysregulation in Children with Parent-Reported Behavior Problems

volgende artikel Mitigation of a Prospective Association Between Early Language Delay at Toddlerhood and ADHD Among Bilingual Preschoolers: Evidence from the GUSTO Cohort

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Expected Value (EV) = (gain probability × gain amount) – (loss probability × loss amount). Risk = √(gain probability × (gain amount - EV)² + loss probability × (loss amount - EV)²). Note: loss amount is an absolute value.

Throughout this study, “optimal” describes the decision for the option with the highest EV.

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Titel: Decision-Making Deficits in Adolescent Boys with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): an Experimental Assessment of Associated Mechanisms
Auteurs: Tycho J. Dekkers
Hilde M. Huizenga
Arne Popma
Anika Bexkens
Jacqueline N. Zadelaar
Brenda R. J. Jansen
Publicatiedatum: 28-12-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 4/2020
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00613-7

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