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Gepubliceerd in: Kind en adolescent 4/2015

01-12-2015 | Lustrum

De dwangstoornis bij kinderen en jongeren, verklaringsmodellen en behandeling: een overzicht van nieuwe ontwikkelingen

Auteurs: Prof. dr. Else de Haan, Dr. Lidewij H. Wolters, Dr. Elske Salemink

Gepubliceerd in: Kind en adolescent | Uitgave 4/2015

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Samenvatting

Inleiding

Hoewel de symptomen van een dwangstoornis duidelijk zijn, is het niet bekend wat het essentiële probleem ervan is. Kennis hierover kan consequenties hebben voor het behandelbeleid.

Methode

Twee psychologische verklaringsmodellen en recent onderzoek naar behandeleffectiviteit worden besproken.

Resultaten

Het cognitieve verklaringsmodel is niet aangetoond juist, maar heeft een invloedrijke vorm van behandeling gegenereerd (cognitieve therapie). Het model dat gedrag (met name herhalen) als het centrale probleem ziet, is experimenteel aangetoond. Op grond van dit model is de belangrijkste behandelstrategie exposure en responspreventie. Uit een recente meta-analyse blijkt dat cognitieve gedragstherapie (CGT) en de combinatie van CGT met medicatie effectieve behandelvormen zijn (grote effect size hebben). Als CGT wordt uitgevoerd door gespecialiseerde behandelaars is er geen verschil in effect tussen CGT en CGT gecombineerd met medicatie. Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) en korte intensieve therapie zijn nieuwe vormen van behandeling.

Conclusie

Onderzoek naar verklaringsmodellen voor de dwangstoornis is van belang voor het verbeteren van de behandeling. CGT is effectief maar zou uitgevoerd moeten worden door gespecialiseerde behandelaars. Dat het combineren van CGT met medicatie het effect van CGT vergroot is niet aangetoond. Ouders betrekken bij de behandeling is essentieel.
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Metagegevens
Titel
De dwangstoornis bij kinderen en jongeren, verklaringsmodellen en behandeling: een overzicht van nieuwe ontwikkelingen
Auteurs
Prof. dr. Else de Haan
Dr. Lidewij H. Wolters
Dr. Elske Salemink
Publicatiedatum
01-12-2015
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Kind en adolescent / Uitgave 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0167-2436
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5998
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12453-015-0100-5

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