04-04-2020 | Correction
Correction to: Criminal Behavior and School Discipline in Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth with Autism
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 2/2023
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Unfortunately, the original version of the article contained formatting errors within Tables 1, 2, and 3. The correct tables are shown below.
Table 1
Number and overall percentage of JJY with autism, JJY without SEN, JJY with SEN, and JJY with LD (n = 572) who committed at least one offense prior to (2006–2010) and in the main study year (2010–2011 school year)
Offense
|
JJY with autism
|
JJY without SEN
|
JJY with SEN
|
JJY with LD
|
χ2
|
FDR-adj. p
|
V
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
||||
Main study year (2010–2011)
|
|||||||||||
Crimes against persons
|
VS
|
2.8
|
VS
|
2.8
|
12
|
8.4
|
VS
|
3.5
|
7.49
|
0.13
|
.11
|
Status offenses
|
10
|
7.0
|
VS
|
3.5
|
12
|
8.4
|
13
|
9.1
|
4.09
|
0.31
|
.09
|
Property violations
|
VS
|
0.7
|
14
|
9.8
|
7
|
4.9
|
15
|
10.5
|
14.88
|
0.02
|
.16
|
Drug law violations
|
VS
|
0.7
|
6
|
4.2
|
VS
|
1.4
|
VS
|
2.8
|
4.83
|
0.28
|
.09
|
Public order
|
10
|
7.0
|
15
|
10.5
|
23
|
16.1
|
13
|
9.1
|
6.81
|
0.16
|
.11
|
Prior (2006–2010)
|
|||||||||||
Crimes against persons
|
33
|
23.1
|
22
|
15.4
|
34
|
23.8
|
23
|
16.1
|
5.42
|
0.22
|
.10
|
Status offenses
|
27
|
18.9
|
16
|
11.2
|
32
|
22.4
|
24
|
16.8
|
6.58
|
0.16
|
.11
|
Property offenses
|
12
|
8.4
|
34
|
23.8
|
32
|
22.4
|
28
|
19.6
|
13.85
|
0.02
|
.16
|
Drug law violations
|
2
|
1.4
|
10
|
7.0
|
10
|
7.0
|
6
|
4.2
|
6.61
|
0.16
|
.11
|
Public order
|
42
|
29.4
|
48
|
33.6
|
47
|
32.9
|
41
|
28.7
|
1.21
|
0.77
|
.75
|
Table 2
Number and overall percentage of JJY with autism, JJY without SEN, JJY with SEN, and JJY with LD (n = 572) with at least one school discipline incident prior to (2006–2010) and in main study year (2010–2011)
Discipline
|
JJY with autism
|
JJY without SEN
|
JJY with SEN
|
JJY with LD
|
χ2
|
FDR-adj. p
|
V
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
||||
Main study year (2010–2011)
|
|||||||||||
Violent
|
VS
|
1.4
|
VS
|
0.7
|
VS
|
0.7
|
VS
|
0.0
|
2.79
|
0.46
|
.06
|
Sexual
|
VS
|
0.0
|
VS
|
0.7
|
6
|
4.2
|
VS
|
2.1
|
9.92
|
0.06
|
.12
|
Threatening
|
7
|
4.9
|
8
|
5.6
|
17
|
11.9
|
7
|
4.9
|
7.79
|
0.12
|
.12
|
Theft
|
VS
|
0.7
|
VS
|
0.0
|
VS
|
1.4
|
VS
|
1.4
|
3.33
|
0.41
|
.06
|
Confrontation
|
VS
|
2.8
|
12
|
8.4
|
14
|
9.8
|
10
|
7.0
|
6.02
|
0.18
|
.10
|
Fighting
|
7
|
4.9
|
12
|
8.4
|
21
|
14.7
|
15
|
10.5
|
8.27
|
0.11
|
.12
|
Property
|
VS
|
0.7
|
VS
|
1.4
|
VS
|
0.7
|
VS
|
3.5
|
4.35
|
0.30
|
.09
|
Weapons
|
VS
|
0.7
|
VS
|
1.4
|
VS
|
2.1
|
6
|
4.2
|
4.60
|
0.29
|
.09
|
Drug incidents
|
VS
|
1.4
|
VS
|
2.8
|
VS
|
2.1
|
11
|
7.7
|
10.36
|
0.06
|
.14
|
Policy
|
17
|
11.9
|
33
|
23.1
|
46
|
32.2
|
48
|
33.6
|
22.79
|
0.00
|
.20
|
OSS
|
13
|
9.1
|
25
|
17.5
|
44
|
30.8
|
39
|
27.3
|
24.77
|
0.00
|
.21
|
ISS
|
22
|
15.4
|
35
|
24.5
|
43
|
30.1
|
48
|
33.6
|
14.07
|
0.02
|
.16
|
EXP
|
VS
|
0.7
|
VS
|
2.1
|
VS
|
0.0
|
VS
|
0.7
|
4.39
|
0.30
|
.08
|
Prior (2006–2010)
|
|||||||||||
Violent
|
VS
|
2.1
|
VS
|
2.1
|
8
|
5.6
|
VS
|
0.0
|
11.61
|
0.04
|
.13
|
Sexual
|
VS
|
2.8
|
7
|
4.9
|
7
|
4.9
|
6
|
4.2
|
1.04
|
0.79
|
.04
|
Threatening
|
25
|
17.5
|
23
|
16.1
|
43
|
30.1
|
30
|
21.0
|
10.18
|
0.06
|
.13
|
Theft
|
10
|
7.0
|
7
|
4.9
|
11
|
7.7
|
12
|
8.4
|
1.51
|
0.72
|
.05
|
Confrontation
|
29
|
20.3
|
26
|
18.2
|
50
|
35.0
|
36
|
25.2
|
12.90
|
0.03
|
.15
|
Fighting
|
38
|
26.6
|
29
|
20.3
|
47
|
32.9
|
42
|
29.4
|
6.14
|
0.18
|
.10
|
Property
|
VS
|
2.1
|
10
|
7.0
|
6
|
4.2
|
8
|
5.6
|
4.16
|
0.31
|
.09
|
Weapons
|
9
|
6.3
|
10
|
7.0
|
12
|
8.4
|
VS
|
3.5
|
3.08
|
0.43
|
.07
|
Drug incidents
|
VS
|
2.1
|
12
|
8.4
|
12
|
8.4
|
7
|
4.9
|
7.13
|
0.14
|
.11
|
Policy
|
55
|
38.5
|
72
|
50.3
|
84
|
58.7
|
71
|
49.7
|
11.89
|
0.03
|
.14
|
OSS
|
67
|
46.9
|
61
|
42.7
|
83
|
58.0
|
77
|
53.8
|
8.17
|
0.11
|
.12
|
ISS
|
49
|
34.3
|
73
|
51.0
|
76
|
53.1
|
63
|
44.1
|
12.54
|
0.03
|
.15
|
EXP
|
VS
|
0.7
|
VS
|
3.5
|
VS
|
2.8
|
VS
|
2.8
|
3.26
|
0.41
|
.07
|
Table 3
Logistic regression models predicting recidivism (n = 308)
Variable
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Model 3
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B
|
OR
|
B
|
OR
|
B
|
OR
|
|
No special education
|
0.12
|
1.13
|
0.12
|
1.13
|
0.36
|
1.45
|
Special education
|
0.72*
|
2.06
|
0.58
|
1.79
|
0.54
|
1.72
|
Learning disability
|
0.46
|
1.58
|
0.40
|
1.48
|
0.11
|
1.12
|
Out-of-school-suspension
|
0.04
|
1.04
|
− 0.34
|
0.71
|
||
In-school-suspension
|
− 0.26
|
0.77
|
0.20
|
1.22
|
||
Threatening
|
0.03
|
1.03
|
0.06
|
1.06
|
||
Confrontation
|
0.09
|
1.10
|
0.10
|
1.10
|
||
Fighting
|
0.72*
|
2.06
|
0.70*
|
2.01
|
||
Policy
|
0.44
|
1.55
|
0.33
|
1.39
|
||
OSS*no special education
|
0.73
|
2.06
|
||||
ISS*no special education
|
− 1.14
|
0.32
|
||||
OSS*special education
|
0.89
|
2.42
|
||||
ISS*special education
|
− 0.94
|
0.39
|
||||
OSS*learning disability
|
0.20
|
1.23
|
||||
ISS*learning disability
|
0.22
|
1.24
|
||||
Fit statistics
|
||||||
Chi-square
|
5.81
|
18.52
|
23.74
|
|||
Nagelkerke R2
|
.025
|
.080
|
.101
|