Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence 10/2016

10-06-2016 | Empirical Research

Congruence and Incongruence in Adolescents’ and Parents’ Perceptions of the Family: Using Response Surface Analysis to Examine Links with Adolescents’ Psychological Adjustment

Auteurs: Lauren J. Human, Melanie A. Dirks, Anita DeLongis, Edith Chen

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 10/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Parents and adolescents often hold discrepant views about the family environment and these discrepancies may in turn influence adolescents’ psychological adjustment. The current study examined how adolescent–parent perceptions of family routines and chaos, and their congruence and incongruence, relate to adolescents’ self-reported psychological adjustment (depressive symptoms and perceived stress), both concurrently (N dyads = 261; 53 % female) and 2 years later (N dyads = 118; 50 % female). Using polynomial regression and response surface analysis, results indicated that adolescents’ perceptions of the family environment were a stronger predictor of adolescents’ adjustment than parents’ perceptions (76 % mothers), concurrently and over time. However, both congruence and incongruence in adolescent–parent perceptions were also related to adolescents’ adjustment. Specifically, congruently negative adolescent–parent perceptions were associated with worse concurrent adolescent adjustment. Further, incongruence defined by more negativity in adolescents’ versus parents’ perceptions was associated with worse adolescent psychological adjustment, concurrently and over time. In sum, in addition to the strong links between adolescents’ perceptions of the family and their own psychological adjustment, examining how congruent and incongruent adolescents’ perceptions are with parents’ perceptions may shed additional light on how the family environment relates to adolescent adjustment.
Voetnoten
1
See Manczak et al. (2015) and Human et al. (2014) for details on additional components of the study.
 
2
The RSA coefficients are derived directly from the polynomial coefficients as follows: a 1 = (b Parent + b Adol), where b Parent is the beta coefficient for parents’ ratings and b Adol is the beta coefficient for adolescents’ ratings. a 2 = (b Parent 2  + b Adol*Parent + b Adol 2 ), where b Parent 2 is the beta coefficient for parents’ ratings squared, b Adol*Parent is the beta coefficient for the cross-product of parents’ and adolescents’ ratings, and b Adol 2 is the beta coefficient for adolescents’ ratings squared. a 3 = (b Parent − b Adol). a4 = (b Parent 2  − b Adol*Parent + b Adol 2 ). The RSA package in R (Schönbrodt 2015) calculates and provides significance tests for each RSA coefficient. However, the package does not currently enable the inclusion of covariates. Thus, for all analyses involving covariates (see “Sensitivity Analyses” section), the RSA coefficients were derived from the polynomial coefficients using the formulas above and significance tests were calculated by hand using formulas provided by Shanock et al. (2010, Appendix 2).
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Bush, K. R., & Peterson, G. W. (Eds.). (2013). Parent–child relationships in diverse contexts. In Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 275–302). New York: Springer. Bush, K. R., & Peterson, G. W. (Eds.). (2013). Parent–child relationships in diverse contexts. In Handbook of marriage and the family (pp. 275–302). New York: Springer.
go back to reference Carlson, C. I., Cooper, C. R., & Sradling, V. Y. (1991). Developmental implications of shared versus distinct perceptions of the family in early adolescence. New Directions for Child Development, 51, 13–32. doi:10.1002/cd.23219915103.CrossRef Carlson, C. I., Cooper, C. R., & Sradling, V. Y. (1991). Developmental implications of shared versus distinct perceptions of the family in early adolescence. New Directions for Child Development, 51, 13–32. doi:10.​1002/​cd.​23219915103.CrossRef
go back to reference Cronbach, L. J. (1955). Processes affecting scores on understanding of others and assumed similarity. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 177–193.CrossRefPubMed Cronbach, L. J. (1955). Processes affecting scores on understanding of others and assumed similarity. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 177–193.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference De Los Reyes, A., Augenstein, T. M., Wang, M., Thomas, S. A., Drabick, D. A. G., Burgers, D., & Rabinowitz, J. (2015). The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 141, 858–900. doi:10.1037/a0038498.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral De Los Reyes, A., Augenstein, T. M., Wang, M., Thomas, S. A., Drabick, D. A. G., Burgers, D., & Rabinowitz, J. (2015). The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 141, 858–900. doi:10.​1037/​a0038498.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference De Los Reyes, A., Goodman, K. L., Kliewer, W., & Reid-Quiñones, K. (2008). Whose depression relates to discrepancies? Testing relations between informant characteristics and informant discrepancies from both informants’ perspectives. Psychological Assessment, 20, 139–149. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.20.2.139.CrossRefPubMed De Los Reyes, A., Goodman, K. L., Kliewer, W., & Reid-Quiñones, K. (2008). Whose depression relates to discrepancies? Testing relations between informant characteristics and informant discrepancies from both informants’ perspectives. Psychological Assessment, 20, 139–149. doi:10.​1037/​1040-3590.​20.​2.​139.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference De Los Reyes, A., Goodman, K. L., Kliewer, W., & Reid-Quiñones, K. (2010). The longitudinal consistency of mother–child reporting discrepancies of parental monitoring and their ability to predict child delinquent behaviors two years later. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1417–1430. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9496-7.CrossRefPubMed De Los Reyes, A., Goodman, K. L., Kliewer, W., & Reid-Quiñones, K. (2010). The longitudinal consistency of mother–child reporting discrepancies of parental monitoring and their ability to predict child delinquent behaviors two years later. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1417–1430. doi:10.​1007/​s10964-009-9496-7.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference De Los Reyes, A., & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). Applying depression–distortion hypotheses to the assessment of peer victimization in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 325–335.CrossRefPubMed De Los Reyes, A., & Prinstein, M. J. (2004). Applying depression–distortion hypotheses to the assessment of peer victimization in adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 325–335.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dirks, M. A., De Los Reyes, A., Briggs-Gowan, M., Cella, D., & Wakschlag, L. S. (2012). Annual Research Review: Embracing not erasing contextual variability in children’s behavior—theory and utility in the selection and use of methods and informants in developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 558–574. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02537.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dirks, M. A., De Los Reyes, A., Briggs-Gowan, M., Cella, D., & Wakschlag, L. S. (2012). Annual Research Review: Embracing not erasing contextual variability in children’s behavior—theory and utility in the selection and use of methods and informants in developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 558–574. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1469-7610.​2012.​02537.​x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Dirks, M. A., Weersing, V. R., Warnick, E., Gonzalez, A., Alton, M., Dauser, C., et al. (2014). Parent and youth report of youth anxiety: Evidence for measurement invariance. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 284–291.CrossRefPubMed Dirks, M. A., Weersing, V. R., Warnick, E., Gonzalez, A., Alton, M., Dauser, C., et al. (2014). Parent and youth report of youth anxiety: Evidence for measurement invariance. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 284–291.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dumas, J. E., Nissley, J., Nordstrom, A., Smith, E. P., Prinz, R. J., & Levine, D. W. (2005). Home chaos: Sociodemographic, parenting, interactional, and child correlates. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 93–104.CrossRefPubMed Dumas, J. E., Nissley, J., Nordstrom, A., Smith, E. P., Prinz, R. J., & Levine, D. W. (2005). Home chaos: Sociodemographic, parenting, interactional, and child correlates. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 93–104.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Edwards, J. R. (1994). The study of congruence in organizational behavior research: Critique and proposed alternative. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 58, 51–100.CrossRef Edwards, J. R. (1994). The study of congruence in organizational behavior research: Critique and proposed alternative. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 58, 51–100.CrossRef
go back to reference Edwards, J. R. (2002). Alternatives to difference scores: Polynomial regression analysis and response surface methodology. In F. Drasgow & N. W. Schmitt (Eds.), Advances in measurement and data analysis (pp. 350–400). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Edwards, J. R. (2002). Alternatives to difference scores: Polynomial regression analysis and response surface methodology. In F. Drasgow & N. W. Schmitt (Eds.), Advances in measurement and data analysis (pp. 350–400). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
go back to reference Ehrlich, K. B., Richards, J. M., Lejuez, C. W., & Cassidy, J. (2015). When parents and adolescents disagree about disagreeing: observed parent–adolescent communication predicts informant discrepancies about conflict. Journal of Research on Adolescence. Advance Online Publication. doi:10.1111/jora.12197. Ehrlich, K. B., Richards, J. M., Lejuez, C. W., & Cassidy, J. (2015). When parents and adolescents disagree about disagreeing: observed parent–adolescent communication predicts informant discrepancies about conflict. Journal of Research on Adolescence. Advance Online Publication. doi:10.​1111/​jora.​12197.
go back to reference Evans, G. W., Gonnella, C., Marcynyszyn, L. A., Gentile, L., & Salpekar, N. (2005). The role of chaos in poverty and children’s socioemotional adjustment. Psychological Science, 16, 560–565.CrossRefPubMed Evans, G. W., Gonnella, C., Marcynyszyn, L. A., Gentile, L., & Salpekar, N. (2005). The role of chaos in poverty and children’s socioemotional adjustment. Psychological Science, 16, 560–565.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ferdinand, R. F., van der Ende, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2004). Parent–adolescent disagreement regarding psychopathology in adolescents from the general population as a risk factor for adverse outcome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 198–206. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.113.2.198.CrossRefPubMed Ferdinand, R. F., van der Ende, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2004). Parent–adolescent disagreement regarding psychopathology in adolescents from the general population as a risk factor for adverse outcome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 198–206. doi:10.​1037/​0021-843X.​113.​2.​198.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fiese, B. H., Tomcho, T. J., Douglas, M., Josephs, K., Poltrock, S., & Baker, T. (2002). A review of 50 years of research on naturally occurring family routines and rituals: cause for celebration? Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 381–390.CrossRefPubMed Fiese, B. H., Tomcho, T. J., Douglas, M., Josephs, K., Poltrock, S., & Baker, T. (2002). A review of 50 years of research on naturally occurring family routines and rituals: cause for celebration? Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 381–390.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Furr, R. M. (2011). Scale construction and psychometrics for social and personality psychology. London: Sage.CrossRef Furr, R. M. (2011). Scale construction and psychometrics for social and personality psychology. London: Sage.CrossRef
go back to reference Gaylord, N. K., Kitzmann, K. M., & Coleman, J. K. (2003). Parents’ and children’s perceptions of parental behavior: Associations with children’s psychosocial adjustment in the classroom. Parenting Science and Practice, 3, 23. doi:10.1207/S15327922PAR0301_02.CrossRef Gaylord, N. K., Kitzmann, K. M., & Coleman, J. K. (2003). Parents’ and children’s perceptions of parental behavior: Associations with children’s psychosocial adjustment in the classroom. Parenting Science and Practice, 3, 23. doi:10.​1207/​S15327922PAR0301​_​02.CrossRef
go back to reference Guion, K., Mrug, S., & Windle, M. (2009). Predictive value of informant discrepancies in reports of parenting: Relations to early adolescents’ adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 17–30.CrossRefPubMed Guion, K., Mrug, S., & Windle, M. (2009). Predictive value of informant discrepancies in reports of parenting: Relations to early adolescents’ adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 17–30.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Human, L. J., Chan, M., DeLongis, A., Roy, L., Miller, G. E., & Chen, E. (2014). Parental accuracy regarding adolescent daily experiences: Relationships with adolescent psychological adjustment and inflammatory regulation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 76, 603–610.CrossRefPubMed Human, L. J., Chan, M., DeLongis, A., Roy, L., Miller, G. E., & Chen, E. (2014). Parental accuracy regarding adolescent daily experiences: Relationships with adolescent psychological adjustment and inflammatory regulation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 76, 603–610.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Jaffee, S. R., Hanscombe, K. B., Haworth, C. M. A., Davis, O. S. P., & Plomin, R. (2012). Chaotic homes and children’s disruptive behavior: A longitudinal cross-lagged twin study. Psychological Science, 23, 643–650.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jaffee, S. R., Hanscombe, K. B., Haworth, C. M. A., Davis, O. S. P., & Plomin, R. (2012). Chaotic homes and children’s disruptive behavior: A longitudinal cross-lagged twin study. Psychological Science, 23, 643–650.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Jensen, E. W., James, S. A., Boyce, W. T., & Hartnett, S. A. (1983). The Family Routines Inventory: Development and validation. Social Science and Medicine, 4, 201–211.CrossRef Jensen, E. W., James, S. A., Boyce, W. T., & Hartnett, S. A. (1983). The Family Routines Inventory: Development and validation. Social Science and Medicine, 4, 201–211.CrossRef
go back to reference Laird, R. D., & De Los Reyes, A. (2013). Testing informant discrepancies as predictors of early adolescent psychopathology: Why difference scores cannot tell you what you want to know and how polynomial regression may. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 1–14. doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9659-y.CrossRefPubMed Laird, R. D., & De Los Reyes, A. (2013). Testing informant discrepancies as predictors of early adolescent psychopathology: Why difference scores cannot tell you what you want to know and how polynomial regression may. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 1–14. doi:10.​1007/​s10802-012-9659-y.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Laird, R. D., & Weems, C. F. (2011). The equivalence of regression models using difference scores and models using separate scores for each informant: implications for the study of informant discrepancies. Psychological Assessment, 23, 388–397. doi:10.1037/a0021926.CrossRefPubMed Laird, R. D., & Weems, C. F. (2011). The equivalence of regression models using difference scores and models using separate scores for each informant: implications for the study of informant discrepancies. Psychological Assessment, 23, 388–397. doi:10.​1037/​a0021926.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lau, A. S., Garland, A. F., Yeh, M., Mccabe, K. M., Wood, P. A., & Hough, R. L. (2004). Race/ethnicity and inter-informant agreement in assessing adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 12, 145–156.CrossRef Lau, A. S., Garland, A. F., Yeh, M., Mccabe, K. M., Wood, P. A., & Hough, R. L. (2004). Race/ethnicity and inter-informant agreement in assessing adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 12, 145–156.CrossRef
go back to reference Manczak, E., McLean, K. C., McAdams, D. P., & Chen, E. (2015). Physiological reactivity during parent–adolescent discussions: Associations with scaffolding behaviors and relationship quality. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49, 522–531. doi:10.1007/s12160-014-9680-1.CrossRefPubMed Manczak, E., McLean, K. C., McAdams, D. P., & Chen, E. (2015). Physiological reactivity during parent–adolescent discussions: Associations with scaffolding behaviors and relationship quality. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49, 522–531. doi:10.​1007/​s12160-014-9680-1.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Matheny, A. P., Wachs, T. D., Ludwig, J. L., & Phillips, K. (1995). Bringing order out of chaos: Psychometric characteristics of the confusion, hubbub, and order scale. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 16, 429–444.CrossRef Matheny, A. P., Wachs, T. D., Ludwig, J. L., & Phillips, K. (1995). Bringing order out of chaos: Psychometric characteristics of the confusion, hubbub, and order scale. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 16, 429–444.CrossRef
go back to reference McNulty, J. K., & Russell, V. M. (2010). When “negative” behaviors are positive: A contextual analysis of the long-term effects of problem-solving behaviors on changes in relationship satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 587–604. doi:10.1037/a0017479.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral McNulty, J. K., & Russell, V. M. (2010). When “negative” behaviors are positive: A contextual analysis of the long-term effects of problem-solving behaviors on changes in relationship satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 587–604. doi:10.​1037/​a0017479.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Minuchin, P. (2002). Looking toward the horizon: Present and future in the study of family systems. In J. P. McHale & W. S. Grolnick (Eds.), Retrospect and prospect in the psychological study of families (pp. 259–278). Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Minuchin, P. (2002). Looking toward the horizon: Present and future in the study of family systems. In J. P. McHale & W. S. Grolnick (Eds.), Retrospect and prospect in the psychological study of families (pp. 259–278). Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
go back to reference Ohannessian, C. M., & De Los Reyes, A. (2014). Discrepancies in adolescents’ and their mothers’ perceptions of the family and adolescent anxiety symptomatology. Parenting: Science and Practice, 18, 1–14.CrossRef Ohannessian, C. M., & De Los Reyes, A. (2014). Discrepancies in adolescents’ and their mothers’ perceptions of the family and adolescent anxiety symptomatology. Parenting: Science and Practice, 18, 1–14.CrossRef
go back to reference Ohannessian, C. M., Laird, R. D., & De Los Reyes, A. (2016). Discrepancies in adolescents’ and their mother’s perceptions of the family and mothers’ psychological symptomatology. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. Advance Online Publication. doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0477-3. Ohannessian, C. M., Laird, R. D., & De Los Reyes, A. (2016). Discrepancies in adolescents’ and their mother’s perceptions of the family and mothers’ psychological symptomatology. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. Advance Online Publication. doi:10.​1007/​s10964-016-0477-3.
go back to reference Ohannessian, C. M., Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., & von Eye, A. (2000). Adolescent–parent discrepancies in perceptions of family functioning and early adolescent self-competence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 362–372.CrossRef Ohannessian, C. M., Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., & von Eye, A. (2000). Adolescent–parent discrepancies in perceptions of family functioning and early adolescent self-competence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 362–372.CrossRef
go back to reference Pelton, J., & Forehand, R. (2001). Discrepancy between mother and child perceptions of their relationship: I. Consequences for adolescents considered within the context of parental divorce. Journal of Family Violence, 16, 1–15. doi:10.1023/A:1026527008239.CrossRef Pelton, J., & Forehand, R. (2001). Discrepancy between mother and child perceptions of their relationship: I. Consequences for adolescents considered within the context of parental divorce. Journal of Family Violence, 16, 1–15. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1026527008239.CrossRef
go back to reference Shanock, L. R., Baran, B. E., Gentry, W. A., Pattison, S. C., & Heggestad, E. D. (2010). Polynomial regression with response surface analysis: A powerful approach for examining moderation and overcoming limitations of difference scores. Journal of Business Psychology, 25, 543–554. doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9183-4.CrossRef Shanock, L. R., Baran, B. E., Gentry, W. A., Pattison, S. C., & Heggestad, E. D. (2010). Polynomial regression with response surface analysis: A powerful approach for examining moderation and overcoming limitations of difference scores. Journal of Business Psychology, 25, 543–554. doi:10.​1007/​s10869-010-9183-4.CrossRef
go back to reference Tein, J. Y., Roosa, M. W., & Michaels, M. (1994). Agreement between parent and child reports on parental behaviors. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 341–355. doi:10.2307/353104.CrossRef Tein, J. Y., Roosa, M. W., & Michaels, M. (1994). Agreement between parent and child reports on parental behaviors. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 341–355. doi:10.​2307/​353104.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Congruence and Incongruence in Adolescents’ and Parents’ Perceptions of the Family: Using Response Surface Analysis to Examine Links with Adolescents’ Psychological Adjustment
Auteurs
Lauren J. Human
Melanie A. Dirks
Anita DeLongis
Edith Chen
Publicatiedatum
10-06-2016
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 10/2016
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0517-z

Andere artikelen Uitgave 10/2016

Journal of Youth and Adolescence 10/2016 Naar de uitgave