Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 5/2019

19-02-2019 | Original Article

Components of Attentional Bias to Threat in Clinically Anxious Children: An Experimental Study Using the Emotional Spatial Cueing Paradigm

Auteurs: Andreas Blicher, Marie Louise Reinholdt-Dunne

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 5/2019

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Attentional bias to threat is believed to play a key role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. However, the underlying attentional mechanisms related to anxiety are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive therapy on the engagement and disengagement components of attentional bias to threat in clinically anxious children using the emotional spatial cueing paradigm. Anxiety was diagnosed using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results from 27 clinically anxious children and 27 control children (7–13 years old) indicated that clinically anxious children showed significantly faster engagement to angry faces than control children. Results also indicated that clinically anxious children showed significantly faster disengagement from angry faces before treatment in comparison to control children and significantly slower disengagement from angry faces after treatment than they did before treatment. Findings suggests that cognitive therapy reduces attentional avoidance of threat in clinically anxious children and challenges the assumption that results can be generalized from subclinical to clinical samples.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Literatuur
go back to reference Amir, N., Elias, J., Klumpp, H., & Przeworski, A. (2003). Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention from threat? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(11), 1325–1335.CrossRefPubMed Amir, N., Elias, J., Klumpp, H., & Przeworski, A. (2003). Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention from threat? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(11), 1325–1335.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1–24.CrossRef Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1–24.CrossRef
go back to reference Bar-Haim, Y., Morag, I., & Glickman, S. (2011). Training anxious children to disengage attention from threat: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(8), 861–869.CrossRefPubMed Bar-Haim, Y., Morag, I., & Glickman, S. (2011). Training anxious children to disengage attention from threat: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(8), 861–869.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(1), 49–58.CrossRefPubMed Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(1), 49–58.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Chambless, D. L., & Ollendick, T. H. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 685–716.CrossRef Chambless, D. L., & Ollendick, T. H. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 685–716.CrossRef
go back to reference Chorpita, B. F., Yim, L., Moffitt, C., Umemoto, L. A., & Francis, S. E. (2000). Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: A revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(8), 835–855.CrossRefPubMed Chorpita, B. F., Yim, L., Moffitt, C., Umemoto, L. A., & Francis, S. E. (2000). Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: A revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(8), 835–855.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. (2010). Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 203–216.CrossRefPubMed Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. (2010). Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 203–216.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cisler, J. M., & Olatunji, B. O. (2010). Components of attentional biases in contamination fear: Evidence for difficulty in disengagement. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(1), 74–78.CrossRefPubMed Cisler, J. M., & Olatunji, B. O. (2010). Components of attentional biases in contamination fear: Evidence for difficulty in disengagement. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(1), 74–78.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Clarke, P. J., MacLeod, C., & Guastella, A. J. (2013). Assessing the role of spatial engagement and disengagement of attention in anxiety-linked attentional bias. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 26(1), 1–19.CrossRef Clarke, P. J., MacLeod, C., & Guastella, A. J. (2013). Assessing the role of spatial engagement and disengagement of attention in anxiety-linked attentional bias. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 26(1), 1–19.CrossRef
go back to reference Dudeney, J., Sharpe, L., & Hunt, C. (2015). Attentional bias towards threatening stimuli in children with anxiety: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 66–75.CrossRefPubMed Dudeney, J., Sharpe, L., & Hunt, C. (2015). Attentional bias towards threatening stimuli in children with anxiety: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 66–75.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ege, S., & Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L. (2016). Improving treatment response for paediatric anxiety disorders: An information-processing perspective. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 19(4), 392–402. Ege, S., & Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L. (2016). Improving treatment response for paediatric anxiety disorders: An information-processing perspective. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 19(4), 392–402.
go back to reference Eide, P., Kemp, A., Silberstein, R. B., Nathan, P. J., & Stough, C. (2002). Test-retest reliability of the emotional Stroop task: Examining the paradox of measurement change. The Journal of Psychology, 136(5), 514–520.CrossRefPubMed Eide, P., Kemp, A., Silberstein, R. B., Nathan, P. J., & Stough, C. (2002). Test-retest reliability of the emotional Stroop task: Examining the paradox of measurement change. The Journal of Psychology, 136(5), 514–520.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ellenbogen, M. A., & Schwartzman, A. E. (2009). Selective attention and avoidance on a pictorial cueing task during stress in clinically anxious and depressed participants. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(2), 128–138.CrossRefPubMed Ellenbogen, M. A., & Schwartzman, A. E. (2009). Selective attention and avoidance on a pictorial cueing task during stress in clinically anxious and depressed participants. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(2), 128–138.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., & Dutton, K. (2001). Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 681–700.CrossRef Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., & Dutton, K. (2001). Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 681–700.CrossRef
go back to reference Fox, E., Russo, R., & Dutton, K. (2002). Attentional bias for threat: Evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 16(3), 355–379.CrossRefPubMed Fox, E., Russo, R., & Dutton, K. (2002). Attentional bias for threat: Evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 16(3), 355–379.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Koster, E. H., Crombez, G., Verschuere, B., Van Damme, S., & Wiersema, J. R. (2006). Components of attentional bias to threat in high trait anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(12), 1757–1771.CrossRefPubMed Koster, E. H., Crombez, G., Verschuere, B., Van Damme, S., & Wiersema, J. R. (2006). Components of attentional bias to threat in high trait anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(12), 1757–1771.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15–20.CrossRefPubMed MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15–20.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Massar, S. A., Mol, N. M., Kenemans, J. L., & Baas, J. M. (2011). Attentional bias in high-and low-anxious individuals: Evidence for threat-induced effects on engagement and disengagement. Cognition and Emotion, 25(5), 805–817.CrossRefPubMed Massar, S. A., Mol, N. M., Kenemans, J. L., & Baas, J. M. (2011). Attentional bias in high-and low-anxious individuals: Evidence for threat-induced effects on engagement and disengagement. Cognition and Emotion, 25(5), 805–817.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1985). Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23(5), 563–569.CrossRefPubMed Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1985). Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23(5), 563–569.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1998). A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(9), 809–848.CrossRefPubMed Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1998). A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(9), 809–848.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mogg, K., Holmes, A., Garner, M., & Bradley, B. P. (2008). Effects of threat cues on attentional shifting, disengagement and response slowing in anxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(5), 656–667.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mogg, K., Holmes, A., Garner, M., & Bradley, B. P. (2008). Effects of threat cues on attentional shifting, disengagement and response slowing in anxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(5), 656–667.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Morales, S., Taber-Thomas, B. C., & Pérez-Edgar, K. E. (2016). Patterns of attention to threat across tasks in behaviorally inhibited children at risk for anxiety. Developmental Science, 20(2), e12391.CrossRef Morales, S., Taber-Thomas, B. C., & Pérez-Edgar, K. E. (2016). Patterns of attention to threat across tasks in behaviorally inhibited children at risk for anxiety. Developmental Science, 20(2), e12391.CrossRef
go back to reference Polanczyk, G. V., Salum, G. A., Sugaya, L. S., Caye, A., & Rohde, L. A. (2015). Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(3), 345–365.CrossRefPubMed Polanczyk, G. V., Salum, G. A., Sugaya, L. S., Caye, A., & Rohde, L. A. (2015). Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(3), 345–365.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pollak, S. D., & Tolley-Schell, S. A. (2003). Selective attention to facial emotion in physically abused children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(3), 323–338.CrossRefPubMed Pollak, S. D., & Tolley-Schell, S. A. (2003). Selective attention to facial emotion in physically abused children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(3), 323–338.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32(1), 3–25.CrossRefPubMed Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32(1), 3–25.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., Mogg, K., Vangkilde, S. A., Bradley, B. P., & Esbjørn, B. H. (2015). Attention control and attention to emotional stimuli in anxious children before and after cognitive therapy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39(6), 785–796.CrossRef Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., Mogg, K., Vangkilde, S. A., Bradley, B. P., & Esbjørn, B. H. (2015). Attention control and attention to emotional stimuli in anxious children before and after cognitive therapy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39(6), 785–796.CrossRef
go back to reference Seligman, L. D., & Ollendick, T. H. (2011). Cognitive therapy for anxiety disorders in youth. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20(2), 217–238.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Seligman, L. D., & Ollendick, T. H. (2011). Cognitive therapy for anxiety disorders in youth. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 20(2), 217–238.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. (1996). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV-child version. Parent interview schedule (pp. 1–15). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. (1996). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV-child version. Parent interview schedule (pp. 1–15). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Tobon, J. I., Ouimet, A. J., & Dozois, D. J. (2011). Attentional bias in anxiety disorders following cognitive behavioral treatment. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25(2), 114–129.CrossRef Tobon, J. I., Ouimet, A. J., & Dozois, D. J. (2011). Attentional bias in anxiety disorders following cognitive behavioral treatment. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25(2), 114–129.CrossRef
go back to reference Tottenham, N., Tanaka, J. W., Leon, A. C., McCarry, T., Nurse, M., Hare, T. A., Marcus, D. J., Westerlund, A., Casey, B. J., & Nelson, C. (2009). The NimStim set of facial expressions. Psychiatry Research, 168(3), 242–249.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tottenham, N., Tanaka, J. W., Leon, A. C., McCarry, T., Nurse, M., Hare, T. A., Marcus, D. J., Westerlund, A., Casey, B. J., & Nelson, C. (2009). The NimStim set of facial expressions. Psychiatry Research, 168(3), 242–249.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Van Bockstaele, B., Verschuere, B., Tibboel, H., De Houwer, J., Crombez, G., & Koster, E. H. (2014). A review of current evidence for the causal impact of attentional bias on fear and anxiety. Psychological Bulletin, 140(3), 682–721.CrossRefPubMed Van Bockstaele, B., Verschuere, B., Tibboel, H., De Houwer, J., Crombez, G., & Koster, E. H. (2014). A review of current evidence for the causal impact of attentional bias on fear and anxiety. Psychological Bulletin, 140(3), 682–721.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Van Strien, J. W., & Valstar, L. H. (2004). The lateralized emotional stroop task: left visual field interference in women. Emotion, 4(4), 403.CrossRefPubMed Van Strien, J. W., & Valstar, L. H. (2004). The lateralized emotional stroop task: left visual field interference in women. Emotion, 4(4), 403.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Yiend, J., & Mathews, A. (2001). Anxiety and attention to threatening pictures. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54(3), 665–681.CrossRefPubMed Yiend, J., & Mathews, A. (2001). Anxiety and attention to threatening pictures. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54(3), 665–681.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Yiend, J., Mathews, A., Burns, T., Dutton, K., Fernández-Martín, A., Georgiou, G. A., Luckie, M., Rose, A., Russo, R., & Fox, E. (2015). Mechanisms of selective attention in generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(5), 758–771.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yiend, J., Mathews, A., Burns, T., Dutton, K., Fernández-Martín, A., Georgiou, G. A., Luckie, M., Rose, A., Russo, R., & Fox, E. (2015). Mechanisms of selective attention in generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(5), 758–771.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metagegevens
Titel
Components of Attentional Bias to Threat in Clinically Anxious Children: An Experimental Study Using the Emotional Spatial Cueing Paradigm
Auteurs
Andreas Blicher
Marie Louise Reinholdt-Dunne
Publicatiedatum
19-02-2019
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 5/2019
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10008-z

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2019

Cognitive Therapy and Research 5/2019 Naar de uitgave