Top

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

28-01-2015

Cognitive Load Differentially Impacts Response Control in Girls and Boys with ADHD

Auteurs: Karen E. Seymour, Stewart H. Mostofsky, Keri S. Rosch

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 1/2016

Abstract

Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) consistently show impaired response control, including deficits in response inhibition and increased intrasubject variability (ISV) compared to typically-developing (TD) children. However, significantly less research has examined factors that may influence response control in individuals with ADHD, such as task or participant characteristics. The current study extends the literature by examining the impact of increasing cognitive demands on response control in a large sample of 81children with ADHD (40 girls) and 100 TD children (47 girls), ages 8–12 years. Participants completed a simple Go/No-Go (GNG) task with minimal cognitive demands, and a complex GNG task with increased cognitive load. Results showed that increasing cognitive load differentially impacted response control (commission error rate and tau, an ex-Gaussian measure of ISV) for girls, but not boys, with ADHD compared to same-sex TD children. Specifically, a sexually dimorphic pattern emerged such that boys with ADHD demonstrated higher commission error rate and tau on both the simple and complex GNG tasks as compared to TD boys, whereas girls with ADHD did not differ from TD girls on the simple GNG task, but showed higher commission error rate and tau on the complex GNG task. These findings suggest that task complexity influences response control in children with ADHD in a sexually dimorphic manner. The findings have substantive implications for the pathophysiology of ADHD in boys versus girls with ADHD.

vorige artikel Clinical Correlates of Co-occurring Psychiatric and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Symptom-Induced Impairment in Children with ASD

volgende artikel Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predicts Intimate Partner Victimization in Young Women

To assess the impact of simple phobia on our results, we re-ran our primary analyses for tau and commission error rate excluding children diagnosed with specific phobia (ADHD = 11; TD = 6). Our results did not change for either tau or commission error rate.

Alderson, R. M., Rapport, M. D., & Kofler, M. J. (2007). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioral inhibition: A meta-analytic review of the stop-signal paradigm. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 745–758. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9131-6.PubMedCrossRef

Alderson, R. M., Rapport, M. D., Hudec, K. L., Sarver, D. E., & Kofler, M. J. (2010). Competing core processes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Do working memory deficiencies underlie behavioral inhibition deficits? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 497–507. doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9387-0.PubMedCrossRef

Almeida Montes, L. G., Prado Alcantara, H., Martinez Garcia, R. B., De La Torre, L. B., Avila Acosta, D., & Duarte, M. G. (2013). Brain cortical thickness in ADHD: Age, sex, and clinical correlations. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17, 641–654. doi:10.1177/1087054711434351.PubMedCrossRef

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostics and statistics manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Antonini, T. N., Narad, M. E., Langberg, J. M., & Epstein, J. N. (2013). Behavioral correlates of reaction time variability in children with and without ADHD. Neuropsychology, 27, 201–209. doi:10.1037/a0032071.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Baddeley, A. (2007). Working memory, thought and action. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Balint, S., Czobor, P., Komlosi, S., Meszaros, A., Simon, V., & Bitter, I. (2009). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Gender- and age-related differences in neurocognition. Psychological Medicine, 39, 1337–1345. doi:10.1017/S0033291708004236.PubMedCrossRef

Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65–94.PubMedCrossRef

Biederman, J., Monuteaux, M. C., Doyle, A. E., Seidman, L. J., Wilens, T. E., Ferrero, F., Morgan, C. L., & Faraone, S. V. (2004). Impact of executive function deficits and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on academic outcomes in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 757–766.PubMedCrossRef

Brown, T. E., & Landgraf, J. M. (2010). Improvements in executive function correlate with enhanced performance and functioning and health-related quality of life: evidence from 2 large, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials in ADHD. Postgraduate Medicine, 122, 42–51. doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.09.2200.PubMedCrossRef

Buzy, W. M., Medoff, D. R., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2009). Intra-individual variability among children with ADHD on a working memory task: an ex-Gaussian approach. Child Neuropsychology, 15, 441–459. doi:10.1080/09297040802646991.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Castellanos, F. X., & Tannock, R. (2002). Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 617–628. doi:10.1038/nrn896.PubMedCrossRef

Castellanos, F. X., Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Scheres, A., Di Martino, A., Hyde, C., & Walters, J. R. (2005). Varieties of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related intra-individual variability. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1416–1423. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.005.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Chacko, A., Bedard, A. C., Marks, D. J., Feirsen, N., Uderman, J. Z., Chimiklis, A., Rajwan, E., Cornwell, M., Anderson, L., Zwilling, A., & Ramon, M. (2014). A randomized clinical trial of cogmed working memory training in school-age children with ADHD: a replication in a diverse sample using a control condition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 247–255. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12146.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Coghill, D. R., Seth, S., Pedroso, S., Usala, T., Currie, J., & Gagliano, A. (2013). Effects of methylphenidate on cognitive functions in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence from a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 76, 603–615. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.005.PubMedCrossRef

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.

Cole, W. R., Mostofsky, S. H., Larson, J. C., Denckla, M. B., & Mahone, E. M. (2008). Age-related changes in motor subtle signs among girls and boys with ADHD. Neurology, 71, 1514–1520. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000334275.57734.5f.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Conners, C. K. (2002). Conners’ rating scales- revised. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.

Diamantopoulou, S., Rydell, A. M., Thorell, L. B., & Bohlin, G. (2007). Impact of executive functioning and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children’s peer relations and school performance. Developmental Neuropsychology, 32, 521–542. doi:10.1080/87565640701360981.PubMedCrossRef

Dirlikov, B., Rosch, K.S.Crocetti, D., Denckla, M.B., Mahone, E.M., & Mostofsky, S.H. (2013). Distinct frontal lobe morphology in girls and boys with ADHD. Neuroimage: Clinical.

DuPaul, G. J., Power, T. J., Anastopoulos, A. D., & Reid, R. (1998). ADHD rating scale-IV. New York: Guilford Press.

Epstein, J. N., Hwang, M. E., Antonini, T., Langberg, J. M., Altaye, M., & Arnold, L. E. (2010). Examining predictors of reaction times in children with ADHD and normal controls. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16, 138–147. doi:10.1017/S1355617709991111.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Epstein, J. N., Langberg, J. M., Rosen, P. J., Graham, A., Narad, M. E., Antonini, T. N., Brinkman, W. B., Froehlich, T., Simon, J. O., & Altaye, M. (2011). Evidence for higher reaction time variability for children with ADHD on a range of cognitive tasks including reward and event rate manipulations. Neuropsychology, 25, 427–441. doi:10.1037/a0022155.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Gaub, M., & Carlson, C. L. (1997). Gender differences in ADHD: a meta-analysis and critical review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1036–1045. doi:10.1097/00004583-199708000-00011.PubMedCrossRef

Gershon, J. (2002). A meta-analytic review of gender differences in ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 5, 143–154.PubMedCrossRef

Getahun, D., Jacobsen, S. J., Fassett, M. J., Chen, W., Demissie, K., & Rhoads, G. G. (2013). Recent trends in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JAMA Pediatriatrics, 167, 282–288. doi:10.1001/2013.jamapediatrics.401.CrossRef

Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Lusk, L., Hayashi, K. M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, A. C., Nugent, T. F., Herman, D. H., Clasen, L. S., Toga, A. W., Rapoport, J. L., & Thompson, P. M. (2004). Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 8174–8179.CrossRef

Gray, S. A., Chaban, P., Martinussen, R., Goldberg, R., Gotlieb, H., Kronitz, R., Hockenberry, M., & Tannock, R. (2012). Effects of a computerized working memory training program on working memory, attention, and academics in adolescents with severe LD and comorbid ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 1277–1284. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02592.x.PubMedCrossRef

Green, C. T., Long, D. L., Green, D., Iosif, A. M., Dixon, J. F., Miller, M. R., Fassbender, C., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2012). Will working memory training generalize to improve off-task behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Neurotherapeutics, 9, 639–648. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0124-y.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Guevremont, D., & Barkley, R. A. (1992). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. In S. R. Hooper, G. W. Hynd, & R. F. Mattison (Eds.), Child psychopathology: Diagnostic criteria and clinical assessment (pp. 137–178). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Hasson, R., & Fine, J. G. (2012). Gender differences among children with ADHD on continuous performance tests: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Attention Disorders, 16, 190–198. doi:10.1177/1087054711427398.PubMedCrossRef

Hervey, A. S., Epstein, J. N., Curry, J. F., Tonev, S., Eugene Arnold, L., Keith Conners, C., Hinshaw, S. P., Swanson, J. M., & Hechtman, L. (2006). Reaction time distribution analysis of neuropsychological performance in an ADHD sample. Child Neuropsychology, 12, 125–140. doi:10.1080/09297040500499081.PubMedCrossRef

Hodge, S. M., Makris, N., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S., Jr., Howard, J., McGrath, L., Steele, S., Frazier, J. A., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Harris, G. L. (2010). Cerebellum, language, and cognition in autism and specific language impairment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 300–316. doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0872-7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Jacobson, L. A., Ryan, M., Martin, R. B., Ewen, J., Mostofsky, S. H., Denckla, M. B., & Mahone, E. H. (2011). Working memory influences processing speed and reading fluency in ADHD. Child Neuropsychology, 17, 209–224. doi:10.1080/09297049.2010.532204.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Jensen, P. S., Hinshaw, S. P., Kraemer, H. C., Lenora, N., Newcorn, J. H., Abikoff, H. B., March, J. S., Arnold, L. E., Cantwell, D. P., Conners, C. K., Elliot, G. R., Greenhill, L. L., Hechtman, L., Hoza, B., Pelham, W. E., Severe, J. B., Swanson, J. M., Wells, K. C., Wigal, T., & Vitello, B. (2001). ADHD comorbidity findings from the MTA study: comparing comorbid subgroups. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 147–158. doi:10.1097/00004583-200102000-00009.PubMedCrossRef

Klein, C., Wendling, K., Huettner, P., Ruder, H., & Peper, M. (2006). Intra-subject variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 1088–1097. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.003.PubMedCrossRef

Klingberg, T., Fernell, E., Olesen, P. J., Johnson, M., Gustafsson, P., Dahlstrom, K., Gillberg, C. G., Forssberg, H., & Westerberg, H. (2005). Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD– A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 177–186. doi:10.1097/00004583-200502000-00010.PubMedCrossRef

Kofler, M. J., Rapport, M. D., Bolden, J., Sarver, D. E., Raiker, J. S., & Alderson, R. M. (2011). Working memory deficits and social problems in children with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 805–817. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9492-8.PubMedCrossRef

Kofler, M. J., Rapport, M. D., Sarver, D. E., Raiker, J. S., Orban, S. A., Friedman, L. M., & Kolomeyer, E. G. (2013). Reaction time variability in ADHD: a meta-analytic review of 319 studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 795–811. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.06.001.PubMedCrossRef

Kofler, M. J., Alderson, R. M., Raiker, J. S., Bolden, J., Sarver, D. E., & Rapport, M. D. (2014). Working memory and intraindividual variability as neurocognitive indicators in ADHD: Examining competing model predictions. Neuropsychology, 28, 459–471. doi:10.1037/neu0000050.PubMedCrossRef

Kuntsi, J., Wood, A. C., Rijsdijk, F., Johnson, K. A., Andreou, P., Albrecht, B., Arias-Vasquez, A., Buitelaar, J. K., McLoughlin, G., Rommelse, N. N., Sergeant, J. A., Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Uebel, H., van der Meere, J. J., Banaschewski, T., Gill, M., Manor, I., Miranda, A., Mulas, F., Oades, R. D., Roeyers, H., Rothenberger, A., Steinhausen, H. C., Faraone, S. V., & Asherson, P. (2010). Separation of cognitive impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into 2 familial factors. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 1159–1167. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.139.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Lacouture, Y., & Cousineau, D. (2008). How to use MATLAB to fit the ex-Gaussian and other probability functions to a distribution of response times. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 4, 35–45.

Lenroot, R. K., Gogtay, N., Greenstein, D. K., Wells, E. M., Wallace, G. L., Clasen, L. S., Blumenthal, J. D., Zijdenbos, A. P., Evans, A. C., Thompson, P. M., & Giedd, J. N. (2007). Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence. NeuroImage, 36, 1065–1073. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.053.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Leth-Steensen, C., Elbaz, Z. K., & Douglas, V. I. (2000). Mean response times, variability, and skew in the responding of ADHD children: a response time distributional approach. Acta Psychologica, 104, 167–190.PubMedCrossRef

Lijffijt, M., Kenemans, J. L., Verbaten, M. N., & van Engeland, H. (2005). A meta-analytic review of stopping performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Deficient inhibitory motor control? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 216–222. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.2.216.PubMedCrossRef

Mahone, E. M., Ranta, M. E., Crocetti, D., O’Brien, J., Kaufmann, W. E., Denckla, M. B., & Mostofsky, S. M. (2011). Comprehensive examination of frontal regions in boys and girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17, 1047–1057. doi:10.1017/S1355617711001056.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Mostofsky, S. H., Cooper, K. L., Kates, W. R., Denckla, M. B., & Kaufmann, W. E. (2002). Smaller prefrontal and premotor volumes in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 785–794.PubMedCrossRef

Mostofsky, S. H., Schafer, J. G., Abrams, M. T., Goldberg, M. C., Flower, A. A., Boyce, A., Courtney, S. M., Calhoun, V. D., Kraut, M. A., Denckla, M. B., & Pekar, J. J. (2003). fMRI evidence that the neural basis of response inhibition is task-dependent. Brain Research, 17, 419–430.PubMed

Nigg, J. T., Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2005). Causal heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Do we need neuropsychologically impaired subtypes? Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1224–1230. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.025.PubMedCrossRef

Nikolas, M. A., & Nigg, J. T. (2013). Neuropsychological performance and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and symptom dimensions. Neuropsychology, 27, 107–120. doi:10.1037/a0030685.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Peterson, D., Jacobson, L.A., Crocetti, D., Rosch, K.S., & Mostofsky, S.H. (2014). Premotor white matter integrity correlates with response control in males, but not females with ADHD. Poster presented at the 20th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Hamburg, Germany.

Rabbit, P. (1997). Methodology of frontal and executive function. East Sussex: Psychology Press.

Raiker, J. S., Rapport, M. D., Kofler, M. J., & Sarver, D. E. (2012). Objectively-measured impulsivity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Testing competing predictions from the working memory and behavioral inhibition models of ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 699–713. doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9607-2.PubMedCrossRef

Rapport, M. D., Alderson, R. M., Kofler, M. J., Sarver, D. E., Bolden, J., & Sims, V. (2008). Working memory deficits in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the contribution of central executive and subsystem processes. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 825–837.PubMedCrossRef

Reich, W. (2000). Diagnostic interview for children and adolescents (DICA). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 59–66.PubMedCrossRef

Rucklidge, J. J. (2006). Impact of ADHD on the neurocognitive functioning of adolescents with bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 921–928. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.067.PubMedCrossRef

Rucklidge, J. J. (2008). Gender differences in ADHD: implications for psychosocial treatments. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 8, 643–655. doi:10.1586/14737175.8.4.643.PubMedCrossRef

Rucklidge, J. J. (2010). Gender differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33, 357–373. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.01.006.PubMedCrossRef

Schachar, R. J., Chen, S., Logan, G. D., Ornstein, T. J., Crosbie, J., Ickowicz, A., & Pakulak, A. (2004). Evidence for an error monitoring deficit in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 285–293.PubMedCrossRef

Schmiedek, F., Oberauer, K., Wilhelm, O., Suss, H. M., & Wittmann, W. W. (2007). Individual differences in components of reaction time distributions and their relations to working memory and intelligence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 414–429. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.136.3.414.CrossRef

Schneier, F. R., Vidair, H. B., Vogel, L. R., & Muskin, P. R. (2014). Anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and stress disorders. In J. L. Cutler (Ed.), Psychiatry (pp. 168–203). New York: Oxford University Press.

Seidman, L. J., Biederman, J., Monuteaux, M. C., Valera, E., Doyle, A. E., & Faraone, S. V. (2005). Impact of gender and age on executive functioning: Do girls and boys with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder differ neuropsychologically in preteen and teenage years? Developmental Neuropsychology, 27, 79–105. doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2701_4.PubMedCrossRef

Sergeant, J. A. (2005). Modeling attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a critical appraisal of the cognitive-energetic model. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1248–1255. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.010.PubMedCrossRef

Seymour, K.E., Tang, X., Crocetti, D., Nettles, C., Miller, M.I., & Mostofsky, S.H. (2014). Amygdala and Hippocampal Volumes in ADHD: The Importance of Sex. Poster presented at the 20th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Hamburg, Germany.

Shaw, P., Lerch, J., Greenstein, D., Sharp, W., Clasen, L., Evans, A., Giedd, J., Castellanos, F. X., & Rapoport, J. (2006). Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and clinical outcome in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 540–549. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.540.PubMedCrossRef

Shiels Rosch, K., Dirlikov, B., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2013). Increased intrasubject variability in boys with ADHD across tests of motor and cognitive control. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 485–495. doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9690-z.PubMedCrossRef

Shiels, K., Tamm, L., & Epstein, J. N. (2012). Deficient post-error slowing in children with ADHD is limited to the inattentive subtype. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18, 612–617. doi:10.1017/s1355617712000082.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Simmonds, D. J., Pekar, J. J., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2008). Meta-analysis of Go/No-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task-dependent. Neuropsychologia, 46, 224–232. doi:10.1016/ j.neuropsychologia. 2007.07.015.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Simmonds, D. J., Hallquist, M. N., Asato, M., & Luna, B. (2013). Developmental stages and sex differences of white matter and behavioral development through adolescence: a longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study. NeuroImage, 92c, 356–368. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.044.

Sjowall, D., Roth, L., Lindqvist, S., & Thorell, L. B. (2013). Multiple deficits in ADHD: executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reaction time variability, and emotional deficits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 619–627. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12006.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2002). Psychological heterogeneity in AD/HD–A dual pathway model of behaviour and cognition. Behavioural Brain Research, 130, 29–36.PubMedCrossRef

Sonuga-Barke, E. J., & Castellanos, F. X. (2007). Spontaneous attentional fluctuations in impaired states and pathological conditions: a neurobiological hypothesis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 31, 977–986.CrossRef

Sonuga-Barke, E. J., & Halperin, J. M. (2010). Developmental phenotypes and causal pathways in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Potential targets for early intervention? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 368–389. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02195.x.PubMedCrossRef

Sonuga-Barke, E. J., & Sergeant, J. (2005). The neuroscience of ADHD: multidisciplinary perspectives on a complex developmental disorder. Developmental Science, 8, 103–104. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00396.x.PubMedCrossRef

Sowell, E. R., Thompson, P. M., Leonard, C. M., Welcome, S. E., Kan, E., & Toga, A. W. (2004). Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and brain growth in normal children. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 8223–8231.PubMedCrossRef

Sowell, E. R., Peterson, B. S., Kan, E., Woods, R. P., Yoshii, J., Bansal, R., Xu, D., Zhu, H., Thompson, P. M., & Toga, A. W. (2006). Sex differences in cortical thickness mapped in 176 healthy individuals between 7 and 87 years of Age. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 1550–1560.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Tamm, L., Narad, M. E., Antonini, T. N., O’Brien, K. M., Hawk, L. W., Jr., & Epstein, J. N. (2012). Reaction time variability in ADHD: a review. Neurotherapeutics, 9, 500–508. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0138-5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Tang, X. (2014). Sex-dependent basal ganglia abnormalities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Poster presented at the 20th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, Hamburg, Germany.

Uebel, H., Albrecht, B., Asherson, P., Borger, N. A., Butler, L., Chen, W., Christiansen, H., Heise, A., Schafer, U., Andreou, P., Manor, I., Marco, R., Miranda, A., Mulligan, A., Oades, R. D., van der Meere, J., Faraone, S. V., Rothenberger, A., & Banaschewski, T. (2010). Performance variability, impulsivity errors and the impact of incentives as gender-independent endophenotypes for ADHD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 210–218. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02139.x.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Vaurio, R. G., Simmonds, D. J., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2009). Increased intra-individual reaction time variability in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across response inhibition tasks with different cognitive demands. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2389–2396. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.022.PubMedCrossRef

Wechsler, D. L. (2002). Wechsler individual achievement test-II. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.

Wechsler, D. L. (2003). Wechsler intelligence scale for children (4th ed.). San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.

Wiersema, J. R., van der Meere, J. J., & Roeyers, H. (2005). ERP correlates of impaired error monitoring in children with ADHD. Journal of Neural Transmission, 112, 1417–1430. doi:10.1007/s00702-005-0276-6.PubMedCrossRef

Willcutt, E., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005). Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1336–1346. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006.PubMedCrossRef

Willcutt, E., Sonuga-Barke, E., Nigg, J., & Sergeant, J. (2008). Recent developments in neuropsychological models of child psychiatric disorders. In T. Banaschewski & L. A. Rohde (Eds.), Biological child psychiatry: recent trends and developments (Vol. 24, pp. 194–226). Basel: Karger.

Willcutt, E., Nigg, J. T., Pennington, B. F., Solanto, M. V., Rohde, L. A., Tannock, R., et al. (2012). Validity of DSM-IV attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom dimensions and subtypes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 991–1010. doi:10.1037/a0027347.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Wodka, E. L., Mahone, E. M., Blankner, J. G., Larson, J. C., Fotedar, S., Denckla, M. B., et al. (2007). Evidence that response inhibition is a primary deficit in ADHD. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29, 345–356. doi:10.1080/13803390600678046.PubMedCrossRef

Wolosin, S. M., Richardson, M. E., Hennessey, J. G., Denckla, M. B., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2009). Abnormal cerebral cortex structure in children with ADHD. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 175–184. doi:10.1002/hbm.20496.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Titel: Cognitive Load Differentially Impacts Response Control in Girls and Boys with ADHD
Auteurs: Karen E. Seymour
Stewart H. Mostofsky
Keri S. Rosch
Publicatiedatum: 28-01-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 1/2016
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-9976-z

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2016

Children’s Elementary School Social Experience and Executive Functions Development: Introduction to a Special Section

Does Child Temperament Play a Role in the Association Between Parenting Practices and Child Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

Developmental Links Between Children’s Working Memory and their Social Relations with Teachers and Peers in the Early School Years

Mechanisms of Behavioral and Affective Treatment Outcomes in a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Boys

Narcissism, Bullying, and Social Dominance in Youth: A Longitudinal Analysis

Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predicts Intimate Partner Victimization in Young Women