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11-11-2022 | Original Article

Cognitive flexibility assessment with a new Reversal learning task paradigm compared with the Wisconsin card sorting test exploring the moderating effect of gender and stress

Auteurs: Alessandra Monni, Michele Scandola, Sébastien Hélie, L. Francesca Scalas

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 5/2023

Abstract

Cognitive flexibility plays a crucial role in psychological health and this research aimed to investigate its assessment. We developed a novel Reversal learning task (RLT) paradigm adding pure reward (+ 100 points, 0) and punishment (− 100 points, 0) conditions to the classic reward–punishment condition (+ 100, − 100); we also analyzed the RLT convergent validity with approach-avoidance questionnaires (BIS-BAS and Approach-Avoidance Temperament questionnaire) and the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) scores through a Principal component analysis. In a sample of 374 participants, we found that these three conditions differently assess flexibility and that high RLT reward sensitivity in the punishment condition (0; − 100) is related with high BAS reward responsiveness. Moreover, we found that RLT and WCST flexibility scores, although associated, detect different facets of cognitive flexibility. Finally, in a second sample (N = 172), we explored the impact of stress, moderated by gender, on RLT and WCST. Whereas, WCST was not impacted by these variables, in RLT stressed women showed increased perseverative errors in punishment condition (− 100, 0) and reduced punishment sensitivity in reward condition (+ 100, 0).

Overall, our newly developed RLT paradigm and the WCST seem to provide different ways to assess cognitive flexibility and to be differently affected by moderators, such as gender and stress.

vorige artikel Learning and generalization of repetition-based rules in autism

volgende artikel Effects of sickness manipulation on disgust and pleasantness in interpersonal touch

During the data collection, COVID-19 lockdown has occurred.

“A perseverative response was counted as a response that was incorrect according to the current rule but would have been correct using the rule valid for the previous set. However, a response could also be classified as an ambiguous response if it matched the stimulus card on more than one dimension. If an ambiguous response was correct but occurred within a series of unambiguous perseverative responses and matched the principle on which these unambiguous perseverations were made, it was counted as a perseverative response. Thus, strictly speaking, not all perseverative responses are incorrect. A perseverative error was counted as a perseverative response that was also incorrect” (Raz et al., 1998, page 101).

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Titel: Cognitive flexibility assessment with a new Reversal learning task paradigm compared with the Wisconsin card sorting test exploring the moderating effect of gender and stress
Auteurs: Alessandra Monni
Michele Scandola
Sébastien Hélie
L. Francesca Scalas
Publicatiedatum: 11-11-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research / Uitgave 5/2023
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01763-y

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