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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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25-06-2022

Cognitive Flexibility and Impulsivity Deficits in Suicidal Adolescents

Auteurs: Heather A. MacPherson, Kerri L. Kim, Karen E. Seymour, Jennifer Wolff, Christianne Esposito-Smythers, Anthony Spirito, Daniel P. Dickstein

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 12/2022

Abstract

Although neurocognitive deficits have been documented in adolescents with suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA), it is unclear whether certain impairments differentiate these groups, potentially suggesting heightened risk for SA. Focus on specific facets of impulsivity and cognitive control may indicate distinctions between adolescents with SA vs. SI. The current study examined dimensions of impulsivity and cognitive control in 141 adolescents with SA (n = 41) vs. SI without SA (n = 49) vs. typically-developing controls (TDCs; n = 51). Adolescents completed cross-sectional neurocognitive tasks via the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery, in addition to demographic and clinical measures. Analyses involved ANOVAs and ANCOVAs. Results indicated that adolescents with SA demonstrated less set shifting/cognitive flexibility (reduced ability to adapt to/disengage from stimuli) and greater impulsive decision making (reduced ability to collect/evaluate information before making decisions) compared to TDCs. In addition, both TDCs and adolescents with SA had greater response inhibition (increased ability to stop motor responses that have begun/become prepotent) than those with SI. Similar results were found when analyzing female adolescents separately. There were no significant differences for male adolescents, potentially due to the small subsample (n = 40). There were no significant findings for spatial planning/problem solving or visuospatial working memory. Findings suggest: 1) less set shifting/cognitive flexibility and greater impulsive decision making for adolescents with SA vs. TDCs; and 2) greater response inhibition for TDCs and adolescents with SA vs. SI. Such information may be useful for improving risk assessments (adding neurocognitive tasks) and targeted treatments (incorporating cognitive remediation) for this impaired population.

vorige artikel Childhood behavioral inhibition and overcontrol: Relationships with cognitive functioning, error monitoring, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms

volgende artikel Avoidance Bias to Angry Faces Predicts the Development of Depressive Symptoms among Adolescent Girls

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Titel: Cognitive Flexibility and Impulsivity Deficits in Suicidal Adolescents
Auteurs: Heather A. MacPherson
Kerri L. Kim
Karen E. Seymour
Jennifer Wolff
Christianne Esposito-Smythers
Anthony Spirito
Daniel P. Dickstein
Publicatiedatum: 25-06-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 12/2022
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-00952-y

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