Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

23-02-2016 | Original Article

Children’s Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire—Revised: The Factor Structure and Associations with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Across Age, Gender, and Clinical/Community Samples

Auteurs: Dejan Stevanovic, Bojan Lalic, Jelena Batinic, Rade Damjanovic, Vladimir Jovic, Slavica Brkic-Cvetkovic, Jasna Jancic

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 4/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

This study evaluated the factor structure of the Children’s Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire—Revised (CNCEQ-R) and its relationship with anxiety and depressive symptoms. The study included a community sample of 257 children and adolescents and a clinical sample of 201 referred youths, aged 9–18 years. Participants completed the CNCEQ-R and the revised child anxiety and depression scale (RCADS). For the original five-factor model, confirmatory factor analysis indicated an overall good fit to the data for the entire sample. The model was found fully invariant between boys and girls, children and adolescents, and clinically-referred and non-referred youths. The cognitive error of “overgeneralizing” accounted for most of the variance in depressive symptoms (15 %), while “mind reading” accounted for most of the variance in anxiety symptoms (20 %). The CNCEQ-R total score was significantly higher in youth with depression only than in youth with other disorders.
Literatuur
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
go back to reference Arbuckle, J. L. (2006). Amos (Version 7.0) [Computer Program]. Chicago: SPSS. Arbuckle, J. L. (2006). Amos (Version 7.0) [Computer Program]. Chicago: SPSS.
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. E., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. E., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Bilgiç, A., Türkoğlu, S., Özcan, Ö., Tufan, A. E., Yılmaz, S., & Yüksel, T. (2013). Relationship between anxiety, anxiety sensitivity and conduct disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 22, 523–532.CrossRefPubMed Bilgiç, A., Türkoğlu, S., Özcan, Ö., Tufan, A. E., Yılmaz, S., & Yüksel, T. (2013). Relationship between anxiety, anxiety sensitivity and conduct disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 22, 523–532.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Byrne, B. M., & Watkins, D. (2003). The issue of measurement invariance revisited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 155–175.CrossRef Byrne, B. M., & Watkins, D. (2003). The issue of measurement invariance revisited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 155–175.CrossRef
go back to reference Cannon, M. F., & Weems, C. F. (2010). Cognitive biases in childhood anxiety disorders: Do interpretive and judgment biases distinguish anxious youth from their non-anxious peers? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 751–758.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cannon, M. F., & Weems, C. F. (2010). Cognitive biases in childhood anxiety disorders: Do interpretive and judgment biases distinguish anxious youth from their non-anxious peers? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 751–758.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Chorpita, B. F., Moffitt, C. E., & Gray, J. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a clinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 309–322.CrossRefPubMed Chorpita, B. F., Moffitt, C. E., & Gray, J. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a clinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 309–322.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Chorpita, B. F., Yim, L., Moffitt, C., Umemoto, L. A., & Francis, S. E. (2000). Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: A revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behavior Research and Therapy, 38, 835–855.CrossRef Chorpita, B. F., Yim, L., Moffitt, C., Umemoto, L. A., & Francis, S. E. (2000). Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: A revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behavior Research and Therapy, 38, 835–855.CrossRef
go back to reference Cole, D. A., & Turner, J. E., Jr. (1993). Models of cognitive mediation and moderation in child depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 271–281.CrossRefPubMed Cole, D. A., & Turner, J. E., Jr. (1993). Models of cognitive mediation and moderation in child depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 271–281.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cosgrove, V. E., Rhee, S. H., Gelhorn, H. L., Boeldt, D., Corley, R. C., Ehringer, M. A., et al. (2011). Structure and etiology of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing disorders in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 109–123.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cosgrove, V. E., Rhee, S. H., Gelhorn, H. L., Boeldt, D., Corley, R. C., Ehringer, M. A., et al. (2011). Structure and etiology of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing disorders in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 109–123.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Curry, J., Rohde, P., Simons, A., Silva, S., Vitiello, B., Kratochvil, C., et al. (2006). Predictors and moderators of acute outcome in the treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 1427–1439.CrossRefPubMed Curry, J., Rohde, P., Simons, A., Silva, S., Vitiello, B., Kratochvil, C., et al. (2006). Predictors and moderators of acute outcome in the treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 1427–1439.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference de Ross, R. L., Gullone, E., & Chorpita, B. F. (2002). The revised child anxiety and depression scale: A psychometric investigation with Australian youth. Behaviour Change, 19, 90–101.CrossRef de Ross, R. L., Gullone, E., & Chorpita, B. F. (2002). The revised child anxiety and depression scale: A psychometric investigation with Australian youth. Behaviour Change, 19, 90–101.CrossRef
go back to reference Dimitrov, D. M. (2010). Testing for factorial invariance in the context of construct validation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43, 121–149.CrossRef Dimitrov, D. M. (2010). Testing for factorial invariance in the context of construct validation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43, 121–149.CrossRef
go back to reference Epkins, C. C. (1996). Cognitive specificity and affective confounding in social anxiety and dysphoria in children. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioural Assessment, 18, 83–101.CrossRef Epkins, C. C. (1996). Cognitive specificity and affective confounding in social anxiety and dysphoria in children. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioural Assessment, 18, 83–101.CrossRef
go back to reference Epkins, C. C. (2000). Cognitive specificity in internalizing and externalizing problems in community and clinic-referred children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 199–208.CrossRefPubMed Epkins, C. C. (2000). Cognitive specificity in internalizing and externalizing problems in community and clinic-referred children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 199–208.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fan, X., Thompson, B., & Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 56–83.CrossRef Fan, X., Thompson, B., & Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 56–83.CrossRef
go back to reference French, B., & Finch, W. (2006). Confirmatory factor analytic procedures for the determination of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 13, 378–402.CrossRef French, B., & Finch, W. (2006). Confirmatory factor analytic procedures for the determination of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 13, 378–402.CrossRef
go back to reference Ginsburg, G. S., Silva, S. G., Jacobs, R. H., Tonev, S., Hoyle, R. H., Kingery, J. N., et al. (2009). Cognitive measures of adolescent depression: Unique or unitary constructs? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38, 790–802.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ginsburg, G. S., Silva, S. G., Jacobs, R. H., Tonev, S., Hoyle, R. H., Kingery, J. N., et al. (2009). Cognitive measures of adolescent depression: Unique or unitary constructs? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38, 790–802.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Ishikawa, S. I. (2012). Cognitive errors, anxiety, and depression in Japanese children and adolescents. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5, 38–49.CrossRef Ishikawa, S. I. (2012). Cognitive errors, anxiety, and depression in Japanese children and adolescents. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5, 38–49.CrossRef
go back to reference Joiner, T. E., & Wagner, K. D. (1995). Attributional style and depression in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 15, 777–798.CrossRef Joiner, T. E., & Wagner, K. D. (1995). Attributional style and depression in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 15, 777–798.CrossRef
go back to reference Karakaya, I., Coşkun, A., Ağaoğlu, B., Oc, O. Y., Cakin, M. N., Sişmanlar, S. G., & Arslan, H. (2007). The reliability and validity of the children’s negative cognitive errors questionnaire. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 18, 155–162.PubMed Karakaya, I., Coşkun, A., Ağaoğlu, B., Oc, O. Y., Cakin, M. N., Sişmanlar, S. G., & Arslan, H. (2007). The reliability and validity of the children’s negative cognitive errors questionnaire. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 18, 155–162.PubMed
go back to reference Kempton, T., Van Hasselt, V. B., Bukstein, O. G., & Null, J. A. (1994). Cognitive distortions and psychiatric diagnosis in dually diagnosed adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 217–222.CrossRefPubMed Kempton, T., Van Hasselt, V. B., Bukstein, O. G., & Null, J. A. (1994). Cognitive distortions and psychiatric diagnosis in dually diagnosed adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 217–222.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kingery, J. N., Kepley, H. O., Ginsburg, G. S., Walkup, J. T., Silva, S. G., Hoyle, R. H., et al. (2009). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Children’s Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire with a clinically depressed adolescent sample. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38, 768–780.CrossRefPubMed Kingery, J. N., Kepley, H. O., Ginsburg, G. S., Walkup, J. T., Silva, S. G., Hoyle, R. H., et al. (2009). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Children’s Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire with a clinically depressed adolescent sample. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38, 768–780.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Lakdawalla, Z., Hankin, B. L., & Mermelstein, R. (2007). Cognitive theories of depression in children and adolescents: A conceptual and quantitative review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10, 1–24.CrossRefPubMed Lakdawalla, Z., Hankin, B. L., & Mermelstein, R. (2007). Cognitive theories of depression in children and adolescents: A conceptual and quantitative review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10, 1–24.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Leitenberg, H., Yost, L. W., & Carroll-Wilson, M. (1986). Negative cognitive errors in children: Questionnaire development, normative data, and comparisons between children with and without self-reported symptoms of depression, low self-esteem, and evaluation anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 528–536.CrossRefPubMed Leitenberg, H., Yost, L. W., & Carroll-Wilson, M. (1986). Negative cognitive errors in children: Questionnaire development, normative data, and comparisons between children with and without self-reported symptoms of depression, low self-esteem, and evaluation anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 528–536.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Leung, P. W., & Wong, M. M. (1998). Can cognitive distortions differentiate between internalising and externalising problems? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 263–269.CrossRefPubMed Leung, P. W., & Wong, M. M. (1998). Can cognitive distortions differentiate between internalising and externalising problems? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 263–269.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Maric, M., Heyne, D. A., van Widenfelt, B. M., & Westenberg, P. M. (2011). Distorted cognitive processing in youth: the structure of negative cognitive errors and their associations with anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35, 11–20.CrossRefPubMed Maric, M., Heyne, D. A., van Widenfelt, B. M., & Westenberg, P. M. (2011). Distorted cognitive processing in youth: the structure of negative cognitive errors and their associations with anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35, 11–20.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Messer, S. C., Kempton, T., Van Hasselt, V. B., Null, J. A., & Bukstein, O. G. (1994). Cognitive Distortions and Adolescent Affective Disorder Validity of the CNCEQ in an Inpatient Sample. Behavior Modification, 18(3), 339–351.CrossRefPubMed Messer, S. C., Kempton, T., Van Hasselt, V. B., Null, J. A., & Bukstein, O. G. (1994). Cognitive Distortions and Adolescent Affective Disorder Validity of the CNCEQ in an Inpatient Sample. Behavior Modification, 18(3), 339–351.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Michael, L., & Karen, D. R. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of developmental psychopathology. Berlin: Springer Science and Business Media. Michael, L., & Karen, D. R. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of developmental psychopathology. Berlin: Springer Science and Business Media.
go back to reference Pereira, A. I. F., Barros, L., & Mendonça, D. (2012). Cognitive errors and anxiety in school aged children. Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica., 25, 817–823.CrossRef Pereira, A. I. F., Barros, L., & Mendonça, D. (2012). Cognitive errors and anxiety in school aged children. Psicologia Reflexão e Crítica., 25, 817–823.CrossRef
go back to reference Riskind, J. H., & Black, D. (2005). Cognitive vulnerability. In A. Freeman, S. H. Felgoise, et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of cognitive behavior therapy (pp. 122–126). New York: Springer.CrossRef Riskind, J. H., & Black, D. (2005). Cognitive vulnerability. In A. Freeman, S. H. Felgoise, et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of cognitive behavior therapy (pp. 122–126). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Schepman, K., Fombonne, E., Collishaw, S., & Taylor, E. (2014). Cognitive styles in depressed children with and without comorbid conduct disorder. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 622–631.CrossRefPubMed Schepman, K., Fombonne, E., Collishaw, S., & Taylor, E. (2014). Cognitive styles in depressed children with and without comorbid conduct disorder. Journal of Adolescence, 37, 622–631.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schwartz, J. S., & Maric, M. (2015). Negative Cognitive Errors in Youth: Specificity to Anxious and Depressive Symptoms and Age Differences. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 43, 526–537.CrossRefPubMed Schwartz, J. S., & Maric, M. (2015). Negative Cognitive Errors in Youth: Specificity to Anxious and Depressive Symptoms and Age Differences. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 43, 526–537.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Silverman, W. K., Kurtines, W. M., Ginsburg, G. S., Weems, C. F., Rabian, B., & Serafini, L. T. (1999). Contingency management, self-control, and education support in the treatment of childhood phobic disorders: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 675–687.CrossRefPubMed Silverman, W. K., Kurtines, W. M., Ginsburg, G. S., Weems, C. F., Rabian, B., & Serafini, L. T. (1999). Contingency management, self-control, and education support in the treatment of childhood phobic disorders: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 675–687.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Stewart, S. M., Kennard, B. D., Lee, P. W., Hughes, C. W., Mayes, T. L., Emslie, G. J., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2004). A cross-cultural investigation of cognitions and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 248–257.CrossRefPubMed Stewart, S. M., Kennard, B. D., Lee, P. W., Hughes, C. W., Mayes, T. L., Emslie, G. J., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2004). A cross-cultural investigation of cognitions and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 248–257.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Watts, S. E., & Weems, C. F. (2006). Associations among selective attention, memory bias, cognitive errors and symptoms of anxiety in youth. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 838–849.CrossRef Watts, S. E., & Weems, C. F. (2006). Associations among selective attention, memory bias, cognitive errors and symptoms of anxiety in youth. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 838–849.CrossRef
go back to reference Weems, C. F., Berman, S. L., Silverman, W. K., & Saavedra, L. M. (2001). Cognitive errors in youth with anxiety disorders: the linkages between negative cognitive errors and anxious symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 559–575.CrossRef Weems, C. F., Berman, S. L., Silverman, W. K., & Saavedra, L. M. (2001). Cognitive errors in youth with anxiety disorders: the linkages between negative cognitive errors and anxious symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 559–575.CrossRef
go back to reference Weems, C. F., Costa, N. M., Watts, S. E., Taylor, L. K., & Cannon, M. F. (2007). Cognitive errors, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety control beliefs—their unique and specific associations with childhood anxiety symptoms. Behavior Modification, 31, 174–201.CrossRefPubMed Weems, C. F., Costa, N. M., Watts, S. E., Taylor, L. K., & Cannon, M. F. (2007). Cognitive errors, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety control beliefs—their unique and specific associations with childhood anxiety symptoms. Behavior Modification, 31, 174–201.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Weems, C. F., & Watts, S. E. (2005). Cognitive models of childhood anxiety. In C. M. Velotis (Ed.), Anxiety disorder research (pp. 205–232). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers Inc. Weems, C. F., & Watts, S. E. (2005). Cognitive models of childhood anxiety. In C. M. Velotis (Ed.), Anxiety disorder research (pp. 205–232). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers Inc.
go back to reference Yurica, C. L., & DiTomasso, R. A. (2005). Cognitive distortions. In A. Freeman, S. H. Felgoise, C. M. Nezu, A. M. Nezu, & M. Reinecke (Eds.), International encyclopedia of cognitive and behavioral therapies. New York: Springer. Yurica, C. L., & DiTomasso, R. A. (2005). Cognitive distortions. In A. Freeman, S. H. Felgoise, C. M. Nezu, A. M. Nezu, & M. Reinecke (Eds.), International encyclopedia of cognitive and behavioral therapies. New York: Springer.
Metagegevens
Titel
Children’s Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire—Revised: The Factor Structure and Associations with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Across Age, Gender, and Clinical/Community Samples
Auteurs
Dejan Stevanovic
Bojan Lalic
Jelena Batinic
Rade Damjanovic
Vladimir Jovic
Slavica Brkic-Cvetkovic
Jasna Jancic
Publicatiedatum
23-02-2016
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 4/2016
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9767-z