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Gepubliceerd in:

01-10-2009 | Original Article

Childhood Maltreatment and Depressotypic Cognitive Organization

Auteurs: Margaret N. Lumley, Kate L. Harkness

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 5/2009

Abstract

Recent research suggests that how information is organized in the mind may be important for determining one’s vulnerability to depression. The purpose of the current study was to examine potential developmental precursors to a depressotypic cognitive organization (i.e., tightly-connected negative schemas and loosely-connected positive schemas) in a sample of young adult men and women (N = 91). The relation between childhood maltreatment (i.e., mother emotional maltreatment, father emotional maltreatment, physical abuse, and sexual abuse) and cognitive organization was assessed using a computer task in which participants with different self-reported maltreatment histories plotted a series of cognitive schema contents (e.g., “I am a failure”) on a 2-dimensional grid along the dimensions of self-descriptiveness and valence. As hypothesized, higher levels of mother emotional maltreatment, father emotional maltreatment and physical abuse (but not sexual abuse) were associated with a depressotypic schema organization. Consistent with hypotheses, a depressotypic schema organization mediated the relation between maltreatment and depression, suggesting that the organization of cognitive schemas may help to elucidate why individuals with maltreatment histories are so vulnerable to develop depression.

vorige artikel Emotion Congruent Facilitation of Attention when Processing Anxious Stimuli

volgende artikel The Relationship Between Parental Anxiety and Child-Related Cognition: An Experimental Approach

Although this research does not consider actual neurological structures in the brain, there is a growing area of research examining environmental experience (particularly early childhood experiences) on brain development (for review see Siegel 1999).

It is noteworthy that 34% of participants met criteria for past or current major depression in this study, despite no special measures to recruit depressed participants. One possibility is that potential participants with maltreatment histories were more likely to agree to participate when contacted and given the brief description, “this project investigates how childhood experiences relate to your thinking and mood”. Given the strong association between maltreatment and depression, having a higher ratio of maltreated individuals in the study may have inadvertently increased the ratio of past- or current-depressed to never-depressed participants.

Although the use of the Sable test has been criticized as overly conservative, especially in relatively small samples (Preacher and Hayes 2004), nonparametric approaches such as Shrout and Bolger’s bootstrapping approach (2002) are not appropriate for use with dichotomous outcomes variables. Due to concerns about power and the conservative nature of the Sobel test, we applied no further correction of alpha in the current investigation.

The past- and current-depressed groups did not differ in reported levels of M-EMT (M _s = 36.29, 35.24, SD _s = 14.44, 11.91; t (28) = −.76, p = .45) or F-EMT (M _s = 43.69, 47.69 SD _s = 13.23, 16.00; t (28) = .74, p = .47), thus further supporting our decision to combine them in these analyses.

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Titel: Childhood Maltreatment and Depressotypic Cognitive Organization
Auteurs: Margaret N. Lumley
Kate L. Harkness
Publicatiedatum: 01-10-2009
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 5/2009
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9257-7

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