Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-02-2010 | Original Article

Childhood Fears, Neurobehavioral Functioning and Behavior Problems in School-Age Children

Auteurs: Jonathan Kushnir, Avi Sadeh

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 1/2010

Abstract

The objective is to examine underlying associations between childhood fears, behavior problems and neurobehavioral functioning (NBF) in school-age children. Healthy, regular school children (N = 135), from second, fourth and sixth grade classes were assessed. Data regarding children’s fears and behavioral problems were obtained with the Revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children, the Child Behavior Checklist, and NBF was assessed using a computerized neurobehavioral evaluation system. Significant correlations between childhood fears and NBF measures and somatic complaints were found. Children who reported higher levels of fears demonstrated lower working memory span (r = 0.24, p < 0.05), lower motor speed (r = −0.23, p < 0.05), and had more somatic complaints (r = 0.20, p < 0.05). Furthermore, younger children reported less fears than older ones and girls reported more fears than boys. These results highlight significant association between childhood fears, NBF and behavior problems in a non-clinical group children. Lower working memory span is an important component of executive control that may be an underlying factor in fears and anxiety in children.

vorige artikel Parent Psychopathology and Youth Internalizing Symptoms in an Urban Community: A Latent Growth Model Analysis

volgende artikel Children’s Peer Victimization, Empathy, and Emotional Symptoms

Elbedour S, Shulman S, Kedem P (1997) Children’s fears: cultural and developmental perspectives. Behav Res Ther 35:491–496CrossRefPubMed

King NJ, Ollendick TH (1989) Children’s anxiety and phobic disorders in school settings: classification, assessment, and intervention issues. Rev Educ Res 59:431–470

Barlow DH (2002) Anxiety and its disorders. the nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (second edition). Guilford, New York

Craske MG (2003) Origins of phobias and anxiety disorders. why more women than men?. Elsevier, Oxford

King NJ, Hamilton DI, Ollendick TH (1988) Children’s phobias: a behavioural perspective. John Wiley, Chichester

Morris RJ, Kratochwill TR (1983) Treating children’s fears and phobias: a behavioral approach. Pergamon, New York

Ollendick TH (1983) Reliability and validity of the revised fear survey schedule for children (FSSC-R). Behav Res Ther 21:685–692CrossRefPubMed

Gullone E, King NJ (1992) Psychometric evaluation of a revised fear survey schedule for children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 33:987–998CrossRefPubMed

King NJ, Ollier K, Iacuone R, Schuster S, Bays K, Gullone E, Ollendick TH (1989) Fears of children and adolescents––a cross-sectional Australian study using the revised fear survey schedule for children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 30:775–784CrossRefPubMed

10.

Mellon R, Koliadis EA, Paraskevopoulos TD (2004) Normative development of fears in Greece: self-reports on the hellenic fear survey schedule for children. J Anxiety Disord 18:233–254CrossRefPubMed

11.

King NJ, Josephs A, Gullone E, Madden C, Ollendick TH (1994) Assessing the fears of children with disability using the revised fear survey schedule for children––a comparative study. Br J Med Psychol 67:377–386PubMed

12.

Ollendick TH, King NJ, Frary RB (1989) Fears in children and adolescents––reliability and generalizability across gender, age and nationality. Behav Res Ther 27:19–26CrossRefPubMed

13.

Ollendick TH, Yule W, Ollier K (1991) Fears in British children and their relationship to manifest anxiety and depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 32:321–331CrossRefPubMed

14.

Scherer MW, Nakamura CY (1968) A Fear Survey Schedule for Children (FSS-FC): a factor analytic comparison with Manifest Anxiety (Cmas). Behav Res Ther 6:173–182CrossRefPubMed

15.

Lapouse R, Monk MA (1959) Fears and worries in a representative sample of children. Am J Orthopsychiatry 29:803–818PubMed

16.

Bamber JH (1974) Fears of adolescents. J Genet Psychol 125:127–140PubMed

17.

Burnham JJ, Gullone E (1997) The fear survey schedule for children- II. a psychometric investigation with American data. Behav Res Ther 35:165–173CrossRefPubMed

18.

Gullone E, King NJ (1993) The fears of youth in the 1990s––contemporary normative data. J Genet Psychol 154:137–153PubMed

19.

Muris P, Meesters C, Knoops M (2005) The relation between gender role orientation and fear and anxiety in nonclinic-referred children. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 34:326–332CrossRefPubMed

20.

McCathie H, Spence SH (1991) What is the Revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children measuring. Behav Res Ther 29:495–502CrossRefPubMed

21.

Ollendick TH, King NJ (1994) Fears and their level of interference in adolescents. Behav Res Ther 32:635–638CrossRefPubMed

22.

Cole DA, Peeke LG, Martin JM, Truglio R, Seroczynski AD (1998) A longitudinal look at the relation between depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 66:451–460CrossRefPubMed

23.

Glickman AR, La Greca AM (2004) The dating anxiety scale for adolescents: scale development and associations with adolescent functioning. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 33:566–578CrossRefPubMed

24.

Kaplow JB, Curran PJ, Angold A, Costello EJ (2001) The prospective relation between dimensions of anxiety and the initiation of adolescent alcohol use. J Clin Child Psychol 30:316–326CrossRefPubMed

25.

Strauss CC, Lease CA, Kazdin AE, Dulcan MK, Last CG (1989) Multimethod assessment of the social competence of children with anxiety disorders. J Clin Child Psychol 18:184–189CrossRef

26.

Strauss CC, Frame CL, Forehand R (1987) Psychosocial impairment associated with anxiety in children. J Clin Child Psychol 16:235–239CrossRef

27.

Espy KA, Kaufmann PM, Glisky ML (1999) Neuropsychologic function in toddlers exposed to cocaine in utero: a preliminary study. Dev Neuropsychol 15:447–460CrossRef

28.

Espy KA, Stalets MM, McDiarmid MD, Senn TE, Cwik MF, Hamby A (2002) Executive functions in preschool children born preterm: application of cognitive neuroscience paradigms. Child Neuropsychol 8:83–92PubMed

29.

Ewing-Cobbs L, Prasad MR, Landry SH, Kramer L, DeLeon R (2004) Executive functions following traumatic brain injury in young children: a preliminary analysis. Dev Neuropsychol 26:487–512CrossRefPubMed

30.

Pennington BF, Ozonoff S (1996) Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 37:51–87CrossRefPubMed

31.

Bar-Haim Y, Lamy D, Pergamin L, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijendoorn MH (2007) Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychol Bull 133:1–24CrossRefPubMed

32.

Alfano CA, Beidel DC, Turner SM (2002) Cognition in childhood anxiety: conceptual, methodological, and developmental issues. Clin Psychol Rev 22:1209–1238PubMed

33.

Daleiden EL, Vasey MW (1997) An information-processing perspective on childhood anxiety. Clin Psychol Rev 17:407–429CrossRefPubMed

34.

Derryberry D, Reed MA (2002) Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. J Abnorm Psychol 111:225–236CrossRefPubMed

35.

MacLeod C, Rutherford E, Campbell L, Ebsworthy G, Holker L (2002) Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias. J Abnorm Psychol 111:107–123CrossRefPubMed

36.

Wells A (2002) GAD, metacognition, and mindfulness: an information processing analysis. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 9:95–100CrossRef

37.

Wells A, Matthews G (1996) Anxiety and cognition. Curr Opin Psychiatry 9:422–426CrossRef

38.

Wells A, White J, Carter K (1997) Attention training: effects on anxiety and beliefs in panic and social phobia. Clin Psychol Psychother 4:226–232CrossRef

39.

Mathews A (1990) Why worry––the cognitive function of anxiety. Behav Res Ther 28:455–468CrossRefPubMed

40.

Wells A, Matthews G (1994) Self-consciousness and cognitive failures as predictors of coping in stressful episodes. Cogn Emotion 8:279–295CrossRef

41.

Williams JMG, Mathews A, MacLeod C (1996) The emotional stroop task and psychopathology. Psychol Bull 120:3–24CrossRefPubMed

42.

Espy KA, Bull R (2005) Inhibitory processes in young children and individual variation in short-term memory. Dev Neuropsychol 28:669–688CrossRefPubMed

43.

Achenbach TM, Edelbrock CS (1983) Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile. University of Vermont, Burlington

44.

Arcia E, Ornstein PA, Otto DA (1991) Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES) and school performance. J School Psychol 29:337–352CrossRef

45.

Letz R (1991) Use of computerized test batteries for quantifying neurobehavioral outcomes. Environ Health Perspect 90:195–198CrossRefPubMed

46.

Pichman G (1996) The influence of Rabin’s murder and suicide bombings on Israeli school age children’s fears

47.

Dahl R, White RF, Weihe P, Sorensen N, Letz R, Hudnell HK (1996) Feasibility and validity of three computer-assisted neurobehavioral tests in 7-year-old children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 18:413–419CrossRefPubMed

48.

Needleman HL, Schell A, Bellinger D, Leviton A, Allred EN (1990) The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood. An 11-year follow-up report. New Engl J Med 322:83–88PubMed

49.

Otto DA, Skalik I, House DE, Hudnell HK (1996) Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES): comparative performance of 2nd-, 4th-, and 8th-grade Czech children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 18:421–428CrossRefPubMed

50.

Sadeh A, Gruber R, Raviv A (2002) Sleep, neurobehavioral functioning and behavior problems in school-age children. Child Dev 73:405–417CrossRefPubMed

51.

Zilber N, Auerbach J, Lerner Y (1994) Israeli norms for the achenbach child behavior checklist: comparison of clinically-referred and non-referred children. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 31:5–12PubMed

52.

Derryberry D, Rothbart MK (1997) Reactive and effortful processes in the organization of temperament. Dev Psychopathol 9:633–652CrossRefPubMed

53.

Lonigan CJ, Phillips BM (2001) Temperamental influences on the development of anxiety disorders. In: Vasey MW, Dadds MR (eds) The developmental psychopathology of anxiety. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 60–91

54.

Muris P, Meesters C, Rompelberg L (2007) Attention control in middle childhood: relations to psychopathological symptoms and threat perception distortions. Behav Res Ther 45:997–1010CrossRefPubMed

55.

Anderson V, Anderson P, Grimwood K, Nolan T (2004) Cognitive and executive functions 12 years after childhood bacterialmeningitis: effect of acute neurologic complications and age of onset. J Pediatr Psychol 29:67–82CrossRefPubMed

56.

Espy KA, Stalets MM, McDiarmid MM, Senn TE, Cwik MF, Hamby A (2002) Executive functions in preschool children born preterm: application of cognitive neuroscience paradigms. Child Neuropsychol 8:83–92PubMed

57.

Toren P, Sadeh M, Wolmer L, Eldar S, Koren S, Weizman R, Laor N (2000) Neurocognitive correlates of anxiety disorders in children: a preliminary report. J Anxiety Disord 14:239–247CrossRefPubMed

58.

Kaplan SL, Busner J, Gallagher R, Chaput F, Acosta E (1996) Soft signs in children of parents with agoraphobia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35:516–522PubMedCrossRef

59.

Pine D, Shaffer D, Schonfeld IS (1993) Persistent emotional disorder in children with neurological soft signs. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:1229–1236CrossRefPubMed

60.

Shaffer D, Schonfeld I, Oconnor PA, Stokman C, Trautman P, Shafer S, Ng S (1985) Neurological soft signs––their relationship to psychiatric-disorder and intelligence in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42:342–351PubMed

61.

Hollander E, DeCaria CMA B, Klein DF, Liebowitz MR, Shaffer D (1986) A pilot follow-up study of childhood soft signs and the development of adult psychopathology. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 3(2):186–189

62.

Hollander E, Schiffman E, Cohen B, Riverastein MA, Rosen W, Gorman JM, Fyer AJ, Papp L, Liebowitz MR (1990) Signs of central nervous-system dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:27–32PubMed

63.

Behar D, Rapoport JL, Berg CJ, Denckla MB, Mann L, Cox C, Fedio P, Zahn T, Wolfman MG (1984) Computerized-tomography and neuropsychological test measures in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 141:363–369PubMed

64.

Butler T, Pan H, Tuescher O, Engelien A, Goldstein M, Epstein J, Weisholtz D, Root JC, Protopopescu X, Cunningham-Bussel AC, Chang L, Xie XH, Chen Q, Phelps EA, Ledoux JE, Stern E, Silbersweig DA (2007) Human fear-related motor neurocircuitry. Neuroscience 150:1–7CrossRefPubMed

65.

Jellesma FC, Rieffe C, Terwogt MM, Westenberg PM (2008) Do parents reinforce somatic complaints in their children? Health Psychol 27:280–285CrossRefPubMed

66.

Beidel DC, Christ MAG, Long PJ (1991) Somatic complaints in anxious children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 19:659–670CrossRefPubMed

67.

Noyes R, Stuart S, Longley SL, Langbehn DR, Happel RL (2002) Hypochondriasis and fear of death. J Nerv Ment Dis 190:503–509CrossRefPubMed

68.

Marks I (1978) Fears, phobias and rituals. Oxford University Press, London

69.

Ferrari M (1986) Fears and phobias in childhood––some clinical and developmental considerations. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 17:75–87CrossRefPubMed

70.

Eysenck MW, Derakshan N, Santos R, Calvo MG (2007) Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory. Emotion 7:336–353CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Childhood Fears, Neurobehavioral Functioning and Behavior Problems in School-Age Children
Auteurs: Jonathan Kushnir
Avi Sadeh
Publicatiedatum: 01-02-2010
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 1/2010
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-009-0154-9

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2010

Parent Psychopathology and Youth Internalizing Symptoms in an Urban Community: A Latent Growth Model Analysis

Reducing Preschoolers’ Disruptive Behavior in Public with a Brief Parent Discussion Group

Shy Children are Less Sensitive to Some Cues to Facial Recognition

Developmental and Behavioral Performance of Internationally Adopted Preschoolers: A Pilot Study

Anger and Sadness Perception in Clinically Referred Preschoolers: Emotion Processes and Externalizing Behavior Symptoms

Children’s Peer Victimization, Empathy, and Emotional Symptoms