Top

Optie A:

Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
Optie B:

Deel de link per e-mail
Link delen

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

29-09-2021 | Article

Child Maltreatment and Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Outcomes: An Exploration of Biopsychosocial Determinants and Implications for Prevention

Tijdschrift:: Child Psychiatry & Human Development

Auteurs:: Divya Mehta, Adrian B. Kelly, Kristin R. Laurens, Divna Haslam, Kate E. Williams, Kerryann Walsh, Philip R. A. Baker, Hannah E. Carter, Nigar G. Khawaja, Oksana Zelenko, Ben Mathews

» Toegang tot de volledige tekst krijgen

Belangrijke opmerkingen

Divya Mehta, Adrian B. Kelly, Kristin R. Laurens, Divna Haslam, Kate E. Williams, Kerryann Walsh, Philip Baker, Hannah E. Carter, Nigar Khawaja and Ben Mathews have contributed equally to this work.

Divya Mehta and Adrian B. Kelly are joint first authors.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Abstract

Child maltreatment rates remain unacceptably high and rates are likely to escalate as COVID-related economic problems continue. A comprehensive and evidence-building approach is needed to prevent, detect and intervene where child maltreatment occurs. This review identifies key challenges in definitions, overviews the latest data on prevalence rates, reviews risk and protective factors, and examines common long-term mental health outcomes for children who experience maltreatment. The review takes a systems approach to child maltreatment outcomes through its focus on the overall burden of disease, gene-environment interactions, neurobiological mechanisms and social ecologies linking maltreatment to mental ill-health. Five recommendations relating to the accurate measurement of trends, research on brain structures and processes, improving the reach and impact of teleservices for detecting, preventing and treating child maladjustment, community-based approaches, and building population-focused multidisciplinary alliances and think tanks are presented.

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Hier inloggen

Met onderstaand(e) abonnement(en) heeft u direct toegang:

BSL Psychologie Totaal

Met BSL Psychologie Totaal blijf je als professional steeds op de hoogte van de nieuwste ontwikkelingen binnen jouw vak. Met het online abonnement heb je toegang tot een groot aantal boeken, protocollen, vaktijdschriften en e-learnings op het gebied van psychologie en psychiatrie. Zo kun je op je gemak en wanneer het jou het beste uitkomt verdiepen in jouw vakgebied.

Meer informatie

Kaufman K, Erooga M, Stewart K, Zatkin J, McConnell E, Tews H, et al (2016) Risk profiles for institutional child sexual abuse. Royal Commission into institutional responses to child sexual abuse: Commonwealth of Australia

Moore SE, Scott JG, Ferrari AJ, Mills R, Dunne MP, Erskine HE et al (2015) Burden attributable to child maltreatment in Australia. Child Abuse Negl 48:208–220 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Gardner MJ, Thomas HJ, Erskine HE (2019) The association between five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse Neglect 96:104082 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Portwood SG, Lawler MJ, Roberts MC (2021) Science, practice, and policy related to adverse childhood experiences: framing the conversation. Am Psychol 76(2):181–187 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

WHO (2006) Preventing child maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generating evidence. World Health Organization, Geneva

Mathews B, Collin-Vézina D (2019) Child sexual abuse: towards a conceptual model and definition. Trauma Violence Abuse 20:131–148 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Kairys SW, Johnson CF (2002) The psychological maltreatment of children-technical report. Pediatrics 109:e68 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Glaser D (2011) How to deal with emotional abuse and neglect: further development of a conceptual framework (FRAMEA). Child Abuse Negl 35(10):866–875 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Dubowitz H, Newton RR, Litrownik AJ, Lewis T, Briggs EC, Thompson R et al (2005) Examination of a conceptual model of child neglect. Child Maltreat 10(2):173–189 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

10.

Ford-Gilboe M, Wathen CN, Varcoe C, MacMillan HL, Scott-Storey K, Mantler T et al (2016) Development of a brief measure of intimate partner violence experiences: the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised)-Short Form (CASR-SF). BMJ Open 6(12):e012824 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

11.

Hamby S, Grych J, Banyard V (2018) Resilience portfolios and poly-strengths: identifying protective factors associated with thriving after adversity. Psychol Violence 8(2):172–183 CrossRef

12.

Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA, Ijzendoorn MH (2015) The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: review of a series of meta-analyses. Child Abuse Rev 24(1):37–50 CrossRef

13.

Mathews B, Pacella R, Dunne M, Simunovic M, Marston C (2020) Improving measurement of child abuse and neglect: a systematic review and analysis of national prevalence studies. PLoS ONE 15(1):e0227884 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

14.

Everson MD, Smith JB, Hussey JM, English D, Litrownik AJ, Dubowitz H et al (2008) Concordance between adolescent reports of childhood abuse and child protective service determinations in an at-risk sample of young adolescents. Child Maltreat 13(1):14–26 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

15.

Mathews B, Lee XJ, Norman RE (2016) Impact of a new mandatory reporting law on reporting and identification of child sexual abuse: a 7 year time trend analysis. Child Abuse Negl 56:62–79 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

16.

Moody G, Cannings-John R, Hood K, Kemp A, Robling M (2018) Establishing the international prevalence of self-reported child maltreatment: a systematic review by maltreatment type and gender. BMC Public Health 18(1):1 CrossRef

17.

Sethi D, Bellis M, Hughes K, Gilbert R, Mitis F, Galea G (2013) European report on preventing child maltreatment. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe, Geneva

18.

Vanderminden J, Hamby S, David-Ferdon C, Kacha-Ochana A, Merrick M, Simon TR et al (2019) Rates of neglect in a national sample: child and family characteristics and psychological impact. Child Abuse Negl 88:256–265 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

19.

Hillis S, Mercy J, Amobi A, Kress H (2016) Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: a systematic review and minimum estimates. Pediatrics 137(3):e20154079 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

20.

Gilbert R, Widom CS, Browne K, Fergusson D, Webb E, Janson S (2009) Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet 373(9657):68–81 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

21.

Fang X, Fry DA, Ji K, Finkelhor D, Chen J, Lannen P et al (2015) The burden of child maltreatment in China: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 93(3):176–185 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

22.

Smith AP, Kelly AB (2008) An exploratory study of group therapy for sexually abused adolescents and non-offending guardians. J Child Sex Abus 17(2):101–116 PubMedCrossRef

23.

Browne A, Finkelhor D (1986) Impact of child sexual abuse: a review of the research. Psychol Bull 99:66–77 PubMedCrossRef

24.

Briggs EC, Amaya-Jackson L, Putnam KT, Putnam FW (2021) All adverse childhood experiences are not equal: the contribution of synergy to adverse childhood experience scores. Am Psychol 76(2):243–252 PubMedCrossRef

25.

Kendall-Tacket KA, Williams LM, Finkelhor D (1993) Impact of child sexual abuse on children: a review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychol Bull 113:164–180 CrossRef

26.

Danese A, Tan M (2014) Childhood maltreatment and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 19(5):544–554 PubMedCrossRef

27.

Johnson JG, Cohen P, Kasen S, Brook J (2002) Childhood adversities associated with risk for eating disorders or weight problems during adolescence or early adulthood. Am J Psychiatry 159(3):394–400 PubMedCrossRef

28.

Banerjee D, Gelaye B, Zhong QY, Sanchez SE, Williams MA (2018) Childhood abuse and adult-onset asthma among Peruvian women. J Asthma 55(4):430–436 PubMedCrossRef

29.

Strine TW, Dube SR, Edwards VJ, Prehn AW, Rasmussen S, Wagenfeld M et al (2012) Associations between adverse childhood experiences, psychological distress, and adult alcohol problems. Am J Health Behav 36(3):408–423 PubMedCrossRef

30.

Conroy E, Degenhardt L, Mattick RP, Nelson EC (2009) Child maltreatment as a risk factor for opioid dependence: comparison of family characteristics and type and severity of child maltreatment with a matched control group. Child Abuse Negl 33(6):343–352 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

31.

Jewkes RK, Dunkle K, Nduna M, Jama PN (2010) Associations between childhood adversity and depression, substance abuse and HIV and HSV2 incident infections in rural South African youth. Child Abuse Negl 34(11):833–841 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

32.

Roberts ME, Fuemmeler BF, McClernon FJ (2008) Association between trauma exposure and smoking in a population-based sample of young adults. J Adolesc Health 42(3):266–274 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

33.

Norman RE, Byambaa M, De R, Butchart A, Scott J, Vos T (2012) The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 9(11):e1001349 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

34.

Einbender AJ, Friedrich WN (1989) Psychological functioning and behavior of sexually abused girls. J Consult Clin Psychol 37:155–157 CrossRef

35.

Beitchman JH, Zucker KJ, Hood JE, Akman DC (1992) A review of the long-term effects of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Neglect 16:101–118 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

36.

Hovens JG, Wiersma JE, Giltay EJ, Van Oppen P, Spinhoven P, Penninx BW et al (2010) Childhood life events and childhood trauma in adult patients with depressive, anxiety and comorbid disorders vs. controls. Acta Psychiatr Scand 122(1):66–74 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

37.

Hornstein NL, Putnam FW (1992) Clinical phenemology of child and adolescent dissociative disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31:1077–1085 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

38.

Tong L, Oates K, McDowell M (1987) Personality development following sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl 11:371–381 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

39.

Runtz M, Briere J (1986) Adolescent “Acting out” and history of sexual abuse. J Interpers Violence 2:367–379

40.

Silverman AB, Reinherz HZ, Giaconia RM (1996) The long-term sequelae of child and adolescent abuse: a longitudinal community study. Child Abuse Negl 20:709–723 PubMedCrossRef

41.

Brezo J, Paris J, Vitaro F, Hebert M, Tremblay RE, Turecki G (2008) Predicting suicide attempts in young adults with histories of childhood abuse. Br J Psychiatry 193(2):134–139 PubMedCrossRef

42.

Noll JG, Horowitz LA, Bonanno GA, Tricket PK, Putnam FW (2003) Revictimisation and self-harm in females who experienced childhood sexual abuse: results from a prospective study. J Interpers Violence 18:1452–1471 PubMedCrossRef

43.

Desai S, Arias I, Thompson MP, Basile K (2002) Childhood victimization and subsequent adult revictimization assessed in a nationally representative sample of women and men. J Violence Victims 17(6):639–653 CrossRef

44.

Luthar SS, Ciciolla L, Suh BC (2021) Adverse childhood experiences among youth from high-achieving schools: appraising vulnerability processes toward fostering resilience. Am Psychol 76(2):300–313 PubMedCrossRef

45.

Pearlman LA, Courtois CA (2005) Clinical applications on the attachment framework: relational treatment of complex trauma. J Trauma Stress 18:449–459 PubMedCrossRef

46.

Peterson C, Florence C, Klevens J (2018) The economic burden of child maltreatment in the United States, 2015. Child Abuse Negl 86:178–183 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

47.

Saied-Tessier A (2014) Estimating the costs of child sexual abuse in the UK. NSPCC, London

48.

Fang X, Fry DA, Brown DS, Mercy JA, Dunne MP, Butchart AR et al (2015) The burden of child maltreatment in the East Asia and Pacific region. Child Abuse Negl 42:146–162 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

49.

Bellis MA, Hughes K, Ford K, Ramos Rodriguez G, Sethi D, Passmore J (2019) Life course health consequences and associated annual costs of adverse childhood experiences across Europe and North America: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health 4(10):e517–e528 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

50.

Bronfenbrenner U (1989) Ecological systems theory. In: Vasta R (ed) Annals of child development-six theories of child development: revised formulations and current issues. JAI, Greenwich, pp 1–103

51.

Bronfenbrenner U (1977) Toward an experimental ecology of human development. Am Psychol 32:513–531 CrossRef

52.

Begle AM, Dumas JE, Hanson RF (2010) Predicting child abuse potential: an empirical investigation of two theoretical frameworks. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 39(2):208–219 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

53.

Commonwealth_of_Australia (2017) Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse: Final Report. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia

54.

Teicher MH, Samson JA (2016) Annual research review: enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 57(3):241–266 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

55.

Teicher MH, Samson JA, Anderson CM, Ohashi K (2016) The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nat Rev Neurosci 17(10):652–666 PubMedCrossRef

56.

Agorastos A, Pervanidou P, Chrousos GP, Baker DG (2019) Developmental trajectories of early life stress and trauma: a narrative review on neurobiological aspects beyond stress system dysregulation. Front Psychiatry 10(118):1

57.

Danese A, Lewis SJ (2017) Psychoneuroimmunology of early-life stress: the hidden wounds of childhood trauma? Neuropsychopharmacology 42(1):99–114 PubMedCrossRef

58.

McCrory EJ, Gerin MI, Viding E (2017) Annual Research Review: Childhood maltreatment, latent vulnerability and the shift to preventative psychiatry - the contribution of functional brain imaging. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 58(4):338–357 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

59.

Calem M, Bromis K, McGuire P, Morgan C, Kempton MJ (2017) Meta-analysis of associations between childhood adversity and hippocampus and amygdala volume in non-clinical and general population samples. Neuroimage-Clinical 14:471–479 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

60.

Paquola C, Bennett MR, Lagopoulos J (2016) Understanding heterogeneity in grey matter research of adults with childhood maltreatment—a meta-analysis and review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 69:299–312 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

61.

Heim CM, Mayberg HS, Mletzko T, Nemeroff CB, Pruessner JC (2013) Decreased cortical representation of genital somatosensory field after childhood sexual abuse. Am J Psychiatry 170(6):616–623 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

62.

Cassiers LLM, Sabbe BGC, Schmaal L, Veltman DJ, Penninx BWJH, Van Den Eede F (2018) Structural and functional brain abnormalities associated with exposure to different childhood trauma subtypes: a systematic review of neuroimaging findings. Front Psychiatry 9:329 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

63.

Weems CF, Russell JD, Herringa RJ, Carrion VG (2021) Translating the neuroscience of adverse childhood experiences to inform policy and foster population-level resilience. Am Psychol 76(2):188–202 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

64.

Heany SJ, Groenewold NA, Uhlmann A, Dalvie S, Stein DJ, Brooks SJ (2018) The neural correlates of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores in adults: a meta-analysis and review of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Dev Psychopathol 30(4):1475–1485 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

65.

Hein TC, Monk CS (2017) Research review: neural response to threat in children, adolescents, and adults after child maltreatment—a quantitative meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 58(3):222–230 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

66.

Oh DL, Jerman P, Silvério Marques S, Koita K, Purewal Boparai SK, Burke Harris N et al (2018) Systematic review of pediatric health outcomes associated with childhood adversity. BMC Pediatr 18(1):83 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

67.

Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt TE, Mill J, Martin J, Craig IW et al (2002) Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297(5582):851–854 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

68.

Byrd AL, Manuck SB (2014) MAOA, childhood maltreatment, and antisocial behavior: meta-analysis of a gene–environment interaction. Biol Psychiatry 75(1):9–17 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

69.

Shonkoff JP, Boyce WT, McEwen BS (2009) Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention. JAMA 301(21):2252–2259 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

70.

Danese A (2020) Rethinking childhood trauma-new research directions for measurement, study design and analytical strategies. Annu Res Rev 61(3):236–250

71.

Szyf M, Bick J (2013) DNA methylation: a mechanism for embedding early life experiences in the genome. Child Dev 84(1):49–57 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

72.

Takahashi S, Osabe K, Fukushima N, Takuno S, Miyaji N, Shimizu M et al (2018) Genome-wide characterization of DNA methylation, small RNA expression, and histone H3 lysine nine di-methylation in Brassica rapa L. DNA Res 25(5):511–520 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

73.

Tyrka AR, Burgers DE, Philip NS, Price LH, Carpenter LL (2013) The neurobiological correlates of childhood adversity and implications for treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 128(6):434–447 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

74.

Holmes L, Shutman E, Chinaka C, Deepika K, Pelaez L, Dabney KW (2019) Aberrant epigenomic modulation of glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in early life stress and major depressive disorder correlation: systematic review and quantitative evidence synthesis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(21):4280 PubMedCentralCrossRef

75.

Klengel T, Mehta D, Anacker C, Rex-Haffner M, Pruessner JC, Pariante CM et al (2013) Allele-specific FKBP5 DNA demethylation mediates gene-childhood trauma interactions. Nat Neurosci 16(1):33–41 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

76.

Tozzi L, Farrell C, Booij L, Doolin K, Nemoda Z, Szyf M et al (2018) Epigenetic changes of FKBP5 as a link connecting genetic and environmental risk factors with structural and functional brain changes in major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 43(5):1138–1145 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

77.

McGowan PO, Sasaki A, D’Alessio AC, Dymov S, Labonté B, Szyf M et al (2009) Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse. Nat Neurosci 12(3):342–348 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

78.

Perroud N, Paoloni-Giacobino A, Prada P, Olié E, Salzmann A, Nicastro R et al (2011) Increased methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment: a link with the severity and type of trauma. Transl Psychiatry 1(12):e59 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

79.

Labonté B, Suderman M, Maussion G, Navaro L, Yerko V, Mahar I et al (2012) Genome-wide epigenetic regulation by early-life trauma. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69(7):722–731 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

80.

Horvath S (2013) DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol 14(10):R115 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

81.

Lawn RB, Anderson EL, Suderman M, Simpkin AJ, Gaunt TR, Teschendorff AE et al (2018) Psychosocial adversity and socioeconomic position during childhood and epigenetic age: analysis of two prospective cohort studies. Hum Mol Genet 27(7):1301–1308 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

82.

Tamman AJF, Sippel LM, Han S, Neria Y, Krystal JH, Southwick SM et al (2019) Attachment style moderates effects of FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood abuse on post-traumatic stress symptoms: results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. World J Biol Psychiatry 20(4):289–300 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

83.

O’Donnell KJ, Chen L, MacIsaac JL, McEwen LM, Nguyen T, Beckmann K et al (2018) DNA methylome variation in a perinatal nurse-visitation program that reduces child maltreatment: a 27-year follow-up. Transl Psychiatry 8(1):15 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

84.

Parade SH, Parent J, Rabemananjara K, Seifer R, Marsit CJ, Yang BZ et al (2017) Change in FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) methylation over time among preschoolers with adversity. Dev Psychopathol 29(5):1627–1634 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

85.

Vinkers CH, Geuze E, van Rooij SJH, Kennis M, Schür RR, Nispeling DM et al (2021) Successful treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder reverses DNA methylation marks. Mol Psychiatry 26:1264–1271 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

86.

Begle AM, Hanson RF, Danielson CK, McCart MR, Ruggiero KJ, Amstadter AB et al (2011) Longitudinal pathways of victimization, substance use, and delinquency: findings from the National Survey of Adolescents. Addict Behav 36(7):682–689 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

87.

Berger LM (2005) Income, family characteristics, and physical violence toward children. Child Abuse Negl 29(2):107–133 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

88.

Black DA, Smith Slep AM, Heyman RE (2001) Risk factors for child psychological abuse. Aggress Violent Beh 6(2):189–201 CrossRef

89.

Brown J, Cohen P, Johnson JG, Salzinger S (1998) A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child maltreatment: findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse Negl 22(11):1065–1078 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

90.

Clément MÈ, Bérubé A, Chamberland C (2016) Prevalence and risk factors of child neglect in the general population. Public Health 138:86–92 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

91.

Carpenter J, Egan-Sage E (1999) Family characteristics of children in cases of alleged abuse and neglect. Child Abuse Rev 8(5):301–313 CrossRef

92.

Bussemakers C, Kraaykamp G, Tolsma J (2019) Co-occurrence of adverse childhood experiences and its association with family characteristics. A latent class analysis with Dutch population data. Child Abuse Neglect 98:104185 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

93.

Sanders MR, Prinz RJ (2012) Child maltreatment prevention through positive parenting. In: Dubowitz H (ed) World perspectives on child abuse. The International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Washington, pp 113–119

94.

Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Lynskey MT (1996) Childhood sexual abuse and psychiatric disorder in young adulthood: II. Psychiatric outcomes of childhood sexual abuse. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35(10):1365–1374 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

95.

Fantuzzo J, Boruch R, Beriama A, Atkins M, Marcus S (1997) Domestic violence and children: prevalence and risk in five major US cities. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36(1):116–122 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

96.

Boney-McCoy S, Finkelhor D (1995) Prior victimization: a risk factor for child sexual abuse and for PTSD-related symptomatology among sexually abused youth. Child Abuse Negl 19:1401–1421 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

97.

Paradise JE, Rose L, Sleeper LA, Nathanson M (1994) Behavior, family function, school performance, and predictors of persistent disturbance in sexually abused children. Pediatrics 93(3):452–459 PubMedPubMedCentral

98.

Erickson MF, Egeland B, Pianta R (1989) The effects of maltreatment on the development of young children. Child maltreatment: theory and research on the causes and consequences of child abuse and neglect. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 647–684 CrossRef

99.

Li F, Godinet MT, Arnsberger P (2011) Protective factors among families with children at risk of maltreatment: follow up to early school years. Child Youth Serv Rev 33(1):139–148 CrossRef

100.

Ertem IO, Leventhal JM, Dobbs S (2000) Intergenerational continuity of child physical abuse: how good is the evidence? Lancet 356(9232):814–819 PubMedCrossRef

101.

Drake B, Pandey S (1996) Understanding the relationship between neighborhod poverty and specific types of child maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl 20:1003–1018 PubMedCrossRef

102.

Coulton CJ, Crampton DS, Irwin M, Spilsbury JC, Korbin JE (2007) How neighborhoods influence child maltreatment: a review of the literature and alternative pathways. Child Abuse Negl 31(11–12):1117–1142 PubMedCrossRef

103.

Freisthler B, Merrit DH, LaScala EA (2006) Understanding the ecology of child maltreatment: a review of the literature and directions for future research. Child Maltreat 11:263–280 PubMedCrossRef

104.

Freisthler B, Byrne HF, Gruenewald PJ (2009) Alcohol outlet density, parental monitoring, and adolescent deviance: a multilevel analysis. Child Youth Serv Rev 31:325–330 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

105.

Freisthler B, Gruenewald PJ (2013) Where the individual meets the ecological: a study of parent drinking patterns, alcohol outlets, and child physical abuse. Alcoholism 37(6):993–1000 PubMedCrossRef

106.

Fineran S, Kohli HK (2020) Muslim refugee women’s perspectives on intimate partner violence. J Fam Soc Work 23(3):199–213 CrossRef

107.

Ellis BH, Murray K, Barrett C (2014) Understanding the mental health of refugees: trauma, stress, and the cultural context. In: Parekh R (ed) The Massachusetts General Hospital textbook on diversity and cultural sensitivity in mental health. Springer, New York, pp 165–187 CrossRef

108.

D’abreu A, Castro-Olivo S, Ura SK (2019) Understanding the role of acculturative stress on refugee youth mental health: a systematic review and ecological approach to assessment and intervention. Sch Psychol Int 40(2):107–127 CrossRef

109.

Joyce L, Liamputtong P (2017) Acculturation stress and social support for young refugees in regional areas. Child Youth Serv Rev 77:18–26 CrossRef

110.

Timshel I, Montgomery E, Dalgaard NT (2017) A systematic review of risk and protective factors associated with family related violence in refugee families. Child Abuse Negl 70:315–330 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

111.

Minns J, Bradley K, Chagas-Bastos FH (2018) Australia’s refugee policy: not a model for the world. Int Stud 55(1):1–21 CrossRef

112.

Digidiki V, Bhabha J (2018) Sexual abuse and exploitation of unaccompanied migrant children in Greece: identifying risk factors and gaps in services during the European migration crisis. Child Youth Serv Rev 92:114–121 CrossRef

113.

Schick M, Zumwald A, Knöpfli B, Nickerson A, Bryant RA, Schnyder U et al (2016) Challenging future, challenging past: the relationship of social integration and psychological impairment in traumatized refugees. Eur J Psychotraumatol 7:28057 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

114.

Mels C, Derluyn I, Broekaert E, Rosseel Y (2010) The psychological impact of forced displacement and related risk factors on Eastern Congolese adolescents affected by war. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 51(10):1096–1104 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

115.

Hanewald B, Knipper M, Fleck W, Pons-Kühnemann J, Hahn E, Ta TMT et al (2020) Different patterns of mental health problems in unaccompanied refugee minors (URM): a sequential mixed method study. Front Psychiatry 11:324 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

116.

Maguire SA, Williams B, Naughton AM, Cowley LE, Tempest V, Mann MK et al (2015) A systematic review of the emotional, behavioural and cognitive features exhibited by school-aged children experiencing neglect or emotional abuse. Child 41(5):641–653

117.

Ringle JL, Mason WA, Herrenkohl TI, Smith GL, Stevens AL, Jung H (2020) Prospective associations of child maltreatment subtypes with adult educational attainment: tests of mediating mechanisms through school-related outcomes. Child 25:398–409

118.

Amédée LM, Tremblay-Perreault A, Hébert M, Cyr C (2019) Child victims of sexual abuse: teachers’ evaluation of emotion regulation and social adaptation in school. Psychol Sch 56(7):1077–1088 CrossRef

119.

Larson S, Chapman S, Spetz J, Brindis CD (2017) Chronic childhood trauma, mental health, academic achievement, and school-based health center mental health services. J School Health 87(9):675–686 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

120.

Hébert M, Langevin R, Oussaïd E (2018) Cumulative childhood trauma, emotion regulation, dissociation, and behavior problems in school-aged sexual abuse victims. J Affect Disord 225:306–312 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

121.

Hébert M, Cénat JM, Blais M, Lavoie F, Guerrier M (2016) Child sexual abuse, bullying, cyberbullying, and mental health problems among high schools students: a moderated mediated model. Depress Anxiety 33(7):623–629 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

122.

Wade TJ, Bowden J, Jane Sites H (2018) Child maltreatment and motor coordination deficits among preschool children. J Child Adolesc Trauma 11(2):159–162 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

123.

Loomis AM (2018) The role of preschool as a point of intervention and prevention for trauma-exposed children: recommendations for practice, policy, and research. Topics Early Childhood Special Educ 38(3):134–145 CrossRef

124.

Bell MF, Bayliss DM, Glauert R, Ohan JL (2018) School readiness of maltreated children: associations of timing, type, and chronicity of maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl 76:426–439 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

125.

Rossen L, Tzoumakis S, Kariuki M, Laurens KR, Butler M, Chilvers M et al (2019) Timing of the first report and highest level of child protection response in association with early developmental vulnerabilities in an Australian population cohort. Child Abuse Negl 93:1–12 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

126.

Green MJ, Tzoumakis S, McIntyre B, Kariuki M, Laurens KR, Dean K et al (2018) Childhood maltreatment and early developmental vulnerabilities at age 5 years. Child Dev 89(5):1599–1612 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

127.

Matheson SL, Kariuki M, Green MJ, Dean K, Harris F, Tzoumakis S et al (2017) Effects of maltreatment and parental schizophrenia spectrum disorders on early childhood social-emotional functioning: a population record linkage study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 26(6):612–623 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

128.

Sabol TJ, Pianta RC (2012) Patterns of school readiness forecast achievement and socioemotional development at the end of elementary school. Child Dev 83(1):282–299 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

129.

Rorris A (2016) Australian schooling—the price of failure and reward for success. Australian Education Union, Melbourne

130.

Kim-Spoon J, Haskett ME, Longo GS, Nice R (2012) Longitudinal study of self-regulation, positive parenting, and adjustment problems among physically abused children. Child Abuse Negl 36(2):95–107 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

131.

Crespo LM, Trentacosta CJ, Udo-Inyang I, Northerner L, Chaudhry K, Williams A (2019) Self-regulation mitigates the association between household chaos and children’s behavior problems. J Appl Dev Psychol 60:56–64 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

132.

Mcleod BD, Sutherland KS, Martinez RG, Conroy MA, Snyder PA, Southam-Gerow M (2017) Identifying common practice elements to improve social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes of young children in early childhood classrooms. Prev Sci 18(2):204–213 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

133.

Portilla XA, Ballard PJ, Adler NE, Boyce WT, Obradović J (2014) An integrative view of school functioning: transactions between self-regulation, school engagement, and teacher–child relationship quality. Child Dev 85(5):1915–1931 PubMedPubMedCentral

134.

Cadima J, Verschueren K, Leal T, Guedes C (2016) Classroom interactions, dyadic teacher–child relationships, and self-regulation in socially disadvantaged young children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 44(1):7–17 PubMedCrossRef

135.

Whitaker RC, Herman AN, Dearth-Wesley T, Smith HG, Burnim SB, Myers EL et al (2019) Effect of a trauma-awareness course on teachers’ perceptions of conflict with preschool-aged children from low-income urban households: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 2(4):e193193 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

136.

Howard JA (2018) A systemic framework for trauma-informed schooling: complex but necessary. J Aggress Maltreatment Trauma 28:545–565 CrossRef

137.

Maynard BR, Farina A, Dell NA, Kelly MS (2019) Effects of trauma-informed approaches in schools: a systematic review. Campbell Syst Rev 5:e1018

138.

Bartlett JD, Smith S (2019) The role of early care and education in addressing early childhood trauma. Am J Commun Psychol 64(3–4):359–372 CrossRef

139.

Bartlett JD, Smith S, Bringewatt E (2017) Helping young children who have experienced trauma: policies and strategies for early care and education. Bethesda, MD

140.

Chafouleas SM, Koriakin TA, Roundfield KD, Overstreet S (2019) Addressing childhood trauma in school settings: a framework for evidence-based practice. School Ment Health 11(1):40–53 CrossRef

141.

Ayling NJ, Walsh K, Williams KE (2019) Factors influencing early childhood education and care educators’ reporting of child abuse and neglect. Austral J Early Childhood 45:95–108 CrossRef

142.

Yang C, Panlilio C, Verdiglione N, Lehman EB, Hamm RM, Fiene R et al (2020) Generalizing findings from a randomized controlled trial to a real-world study of the iLookOut, an online education program to improve early childhood care and education providers’ knowledge and attitudes about reporting child maltreatment. PLoS ONE 15(1):e0227398 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

143.

Gushwa M, Bernier J, Robinson D (2019) Advancing child sexual abuse prevention in schools: an exploration of the effectiveness of the enough! online training program for K-12 teachers. J Child Sex Abus 28(2):144–159 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

144.

Mathews B, Yang C, Lehman EB, Mincemoyer C, Verdiglione N, Levi BH (2017) Educating early childhood care and education providers to improve knowledge and attitudes about reporting child maltreatment: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE 12(5):e0177777 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

145.

Blakey JM, Glaude M, Jennings SW (2019) School and program related factors influencing disclosure among children participating in a school-based childhood physical and sexual abuse prevention program. Child Abuse Neglect 96:104092 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

146.

Tutty LM, Aubry D, Velasquez L (2020) The “who do you tell?” Child sexual abuse education program: eight years of monitoring. J Child Sex Abuse 29(1):2–21 CrossRef

147.

Manheim M, Felicetti R, Moloney G (2019) Child sexual abuse victimization prevention programs in preschool and kindergarten: implications for practice. J Child Sex Abuse 28(6):745–757 CrossRef

148.

Walsh K, Zwi K, Woolfenden S, Shlonsky A (2018) School-based education programs for the prevention of child sexual abuse: a cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Soc Work Pract 28(1):33–55 CrossRef

149.

Walsh K, Brandon L, Kruck L-AJ (2019) Audit tool for assessing child sexual abuse prevention content in school policy and curriculum. Heliyon 5(7):e02088 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

150.

Koçtürk N, Yüksel F (2018) The characteristics of child sexual abuse in the school environment in Turkey. J Child Sex Abuse 27(7):852–869 CrossRef

151.

Bergström H, Eidevald C, Westberg-Broström A (2016) Child sexual abuse at preschools—a research review of a complex issue for preschool professionals. Early Child Dev Care 186(9):1520–1528 CrossRef

152.

Friedman-Krauss AH, Raver CC, Morris PA, Jones SM (2014) The role of classroom-level child behavior problems in predicting preschool teacher stress and classroom emotional climate. Early Educ Dev 25:530–552 CrossRef

153.

Carver-Thomas D, Darling-Hammond L (2017) Teacher turnover: why it matters and what we can do about it. Palo Alto, CA

154.

Productivity Commission (2012) Schools workforce. Canberra, Australia

155.

Admon Livny K, Katz C (2018) Schools, families, and the prevention of child maltreatment: lessons that can be learned from a literature review. Trauma Violence Abuse 19(2):148–158 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

156.

Chen M, Chan K (2016) Effects of parenting programs on child maltreatment prevention: a meta-analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse 7:88–104 CrossRef

157.

Health Evidence (2020) School-based education programs for the prevention of child sexual abuse: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. McMaster University https://healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=school-based-education-programs-prevention-child-sexual-abuse-cochrane-34262

158.

Health Evidence (2020) Effects of parenting programs on child maltreatment prevention: a meta-analysis: McMaster University. https://healthevidence.org/view-article.aspx?a=effects-parenting-programs-child-maltreatment-prevention-meta-analysis-29493

159.

van der Put CE, Assink M, Gubbels J, Boekhout van Solinge NF (2018) Identifying effective components of child maltreatment interventions: a meta-analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 21(2):171–202 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

160.

Euser S, Alink LR, Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH (2015) A gloomy picture: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reveals disappointing effectiveness of programs aiming at preventing child maltreatment. BMC Public Health 15:1068 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

161.

Casillas KL, Fauchier A, Derkash BT, Garrido EF (2016) Implementation of evidence-based home visiting programs aimed at reducing child maltreatment: a meta-analytic review. Child Abuse Negl 53:64–80 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

162.

Hodge LM, Turner KMT (2016) Sustained implementation of evidence-based programs in disadvantaged communities: a conceptual framework of supporting factors. Am J Commun Psychol 58(1–2):192–210 CrossRef

163.

Haslam D, Mejia A, Sanders M, de Vries P (2016) Parenting programs. In: Rey J (ed) IACAPAP e-textbook of child and adolescent mental health. International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, Switzerland, pp 1–29

164.

Haslam DM, Anilena. (2018) Accommodating race and ethnicity in parenting interventions. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 332–344

165.

Turner KM, Richards M, Sanders MR (2007) Randomised clinical trial of a group parent education programme for Australian indigenous families. J Paediatr Child Health 43(6):429–437 PubMedCrossRef

166.

Efevbera Y, McCoy DC, Wuermli AJ (2018) Integrating early child development and violence prevention programs: a systematic review. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 159:27–54 CrossRef

167.

Mejia A, Haslam D, Sanders MR, Penman N (2017) Protecting children in low- and middle-income countries from abuse and neglect: critical challenges for successful implementation of parenting programmes. Eur J Dev Res 29(5):1038–1052 CrossRef

168.

Knerr W, Gardner F, Cluver L (2013) Improving positive parenting skills and reducing harsh and abusive parenting in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Prev Sci 14(4):352–363 PubMedCrossRef

169.

Sanders MR (1999) Triple P-positive parenting program: towards an empirically validated multilevel parenting and family support strategy for the prevention of behavior and emotional problems in children. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2(2):71–90 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

170.

Oveisi S, Ardabili HE, Dadds MR, Majdzadeh R, Mohammadkhani P, Rad JA et al (2010) Primary prevention of parent-child conflict and abuse in Iranian mothers: a randomized-controlled trial. Child Abuse Negl 34(3):206–213 PubMedCrossRef

171.

Prinz RJ, Sanders MR, Shapiro CJ, Whitaker DJ, Lutzker JR (2009) Population-based prevention of child maltreatment: the U.S. Triple P system population trial. Prev Sci 10(1):1–12 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

172.

Foster EM, Prinz RJ, Sanders MR, Shapiro CJ (2008) The costs of a public health infrastructure for delivering parenting and family support. Child Youth Serv Rev 30(5):493–501 CrossRef

173.

Sanders MR, Ralph A, Sofronoff K, Gardiner P, Thompson R, Dwyer S et al (2008) Every family: a population approach to reducing behavioral and emotional problems in children making the transition to school. J Primary Prevent 29(3):197–222 CrossRef

174.

Rog DJ, Reidy MC, Manian N, Daley TC, Lieberman L (2021) Opportunities for psychologists to enact community change through adverse childhood experiences, trauma, and resilience networks. Am Psychol 76(2):379–390 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

175.

Berecki-Gisolf J, Rowland B, Reavley N, Minuzzo B, Toumbourou J (2020) Evaluation of community coalition training effects on youth hospital-admitted injury incidence in Victoria, Australia: 2001–2017. Inj Prev 26:463–470 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

176.

Hawkins J, Oesterle S, Brown EC, Abbott RD, Catalano RF (2014) Youth problem behaviors 8 years after implementing the communities that care prevention system: a community-randomized trial. JAMA Pediatr 168(2):122–129 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

177.

Toumbourou JW, Rowland B, Williams J, Smith R, Patton GC (2019) Community intervention to prevent adolescent health behavior problems: evaluation of communities that care in Australia. Health Psychol 38(6):536–544 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

178.

Rowland BK, Kelly AB, Mohebbi M, Kremer P, Abraham C, Abimanyi-Ochom JC, Williams, J, Smith R et al (2021) Evaluation of community coalition training effects on municipal youth crime rates in Victoria, Australia: 2010–2019. Prev Sci. Accepted 11 June 21

179.

Dalziel K, Segal L (2012) Home visiting programmes for the prevention of child maltreatment: cost-effectiveness of 33 programmes. Arch Dis Child 97(9):787–798 PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

180.

Kilburn M, Karoly L (2008) The economics of early childhood policy: what the dismal science has to say about investing in children. Rand Corporation, Santa Monica

Titel: Child Maltreatment and Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Outcomes: An Exploration of Biopsychosocial Determinants and Implications for Prevention
Auteurs:: Divya Mehta
Adrian B. Kelly
Kristin R. Laurens
Divna Haslam
Kate E. Williams
Kerryann Walsh
Philip R. A. Baker
Hannah E. Carter
Nigar G. Khawaja
Oksana Zelenko
Ben Mathews
Publicatiedatum: 29-09-2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01258-8
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Tijdschrift: Child Psychiatry & Human Development
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)