Abstract
Developing critical thinkers is an important remit for universities, ensuring graduates who can improve our lives and our understanding of the world. So it is no wonder that universities spend much time and effort ensuring that critical thinking skills are embedded and assessed in the disciplinary curriculum. But is requiring students to use a set of skills in their studies sufficient for developing the critical thinkers society needs? This chapter goes beyond incorporating skills in the curriculum to examining the development of “critical thinkers”: people who of their own volition approach problems, issues, learning, and the process of critical thinking itself through critical eyes. It does so by examining the development of critical thinkers through the lens of self-regulation and personal epistemology. Viewing development through this lens provides important insights for pedagogy. It highlights the importance of creating teaching environments that support and develop the goals, beliefs, attitudes, language, behaviors, and ways of doing things of a critical thinker. Further, it shows how such environments can be created to develop the competent, self-determined, critical thinkers we need for today and the future.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovsk, E., Waddington, D. I., Surkes, M. A., Persson, T., and Wade, C. A. (in press). Teaching Students to Think Critically. Concordia University, Montreal, QC..
Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Wade, A., Surkes, M. A., Tamim, R., and Zhang, D. 2008. “Instructional Interventions Affecting Critical Thinking Skills and Dispositions: A Stage 1 Meta-Analysis.” Review of Educational Research 78 (4): 1102–1134.
Bandura, A. 2001. “Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective.” Annual Review of Psychology 52 (1): 1–26.
Barnett, R. 2009. “Knowing and Becoming in the Higher Education Curriculum.” Studies in Higher Education 34 (4): 429–440.
Bartholomae, D. 1985. “Inventing the University.” In When a Writer Can’t Write, edited by M. Rose. New York: The Guilford Press. 134–166.
Butler, D. L., and Winne, P. H. 1995. “Feedback and Self-Regulated Learning: A Theoretical Synthesis.” Review of Educational Research 65 (3): 245–281.
Carver, C. S., and Scheier, M. F. 2000. “On the Structure of Behavioral Self-Regulation.” In Handbook of Self-Regulation, edited by M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, and M. Zeidner. San Diego: Academic Press. 41–84.
Ennis, R. H. 1987. “A Taxonomy of Critical Thinking Dispositions and Abilities.” In Teaching Thinking Skills: Theory and Practice, edited by J. B. Baron and R. J. Sternberg. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
Ennis, R. H. 1996. “Critical Thinking Dispositions: Their Nature and Assessability.” Informal Logic 18 (2 and 3): 165–182.
Eshel, Y., and Kohavi, R. 2003. “Perceived Classroom Control, Self-Regulated Learning Strategies, and Academic Achievement.” Educational Psychology 23 (3): 249–260.
Facione, P. 1990. Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Concensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction: Research Findings and Recommendations. Newark, DE: American Philosophical Association.
Garrison, D. R. 1992. “Critical Thinking and Self-Directed Learning in Adult Education: An Analysis of Responsibility and Control Issues.” Adult Education Quarterly 42 (3): 136–148.
Greene, J. A., and Azevedo, R. 2007. “A Theoretical Review of Winne and Hadwin’s Model of Self-Regulated Learning: New Perspectives and Directions.” Review of Educational Research 77 (3): 334–372.
Hattie, J. 2009. Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. New York: Routledge.
Hilbert, M. 2011. “Toward a Synthesis of Cognitive Biases: How Noisy Information Processing Can Bias Human Decision Making.” Psychological Bulletin 138 (2): 211–237.
Hofer, B. K. 2004. “Exploring the Dimensions of Personal Epistemology in Differing Classroom Contexts: Student Interpretations during the First Year of College.” Contemporary Educational Psychology 29 (2): 129–163.
King, P. M., and Kitchener, K. S. 2002. “The Reflective Judgement Model: Twenty Years of Research on Epistemic Cognition.” In Personal Epistemology: The Psychology of Beliefs about Knowledge and Knowing, edited by Barbara K. Hofer and Paul Pintrich. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. 37–61.
Kuhn, D. 1999. “A Developmental Model of Critical Thinking.” Educational Researcher 28 (2): 16–25, 46.
Maclellan, E., and Soden, R. 2012. “Psychological Knowledge for Teaching Critical Thinking: The Agency of Epistemic Activity, Metacognitive Regulative Behaviour and (Student-Centred) Learning.” Instructional Science 40 (3): 445–460.
Martin, A. J., and Dowson, M. 2009. “Interpersonal Relationships, Motivation, Engagement, and Achievement: Yields for Theory, Current Issues, and Educational Practice.” Review of Educational Research 79 (1): 327–365.
Moore, T. 2011. “Critical Thinking and Disciplinary Thinking: A Continuing Debate.” Higher Education Research & Development 30 (3): 261–274.
Palmer, B., and Marra, R. M. 2004. “College Student Epistemological Perspectives across Knowledge Domains: A Proposed Grounded Theory.” Higher Education 47 (3): 311–335.
Paul, R. 1993. Critical Thinking: What Every Person Needs to Survive in a Rapidly Changing World. (revised third edition). Santa Rosa, CA: The Foundation for Critical Thinking.
Paul, R., and Elder, L. 2001. Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life. London: Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited.
Pintrich, P. R., and Zusho, A. 2002. “The Development of Academic Self-Regulation: The Role of Cognitive and Motivational Factors.” In Development of Achievement Motivation, edited by A. Wigfield and J. S. Eccles. San Diego: Academic Press.
Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. 2000. “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being.” American Psychologist 55 (5): 68–78.
Sadler, D. R. 1989. “Formative Assessment and the Design of Instructional Systems.” Instructional Science 18: 119–144.
Schommer-Aikins, M. 2004. “Explaining the Epistemological Belief System: Introducing the Embedded Systemic Model and Coordinated Research Approach.” Educational Psychologist 39 (1): 19–29.
Schraw, G., McCrudden, M. T., Lehman, S., and Hoffman, B. 2011. “An Overview of Thinking Skills.” In Assessment of Higher Order Thinking Skills, edited by G. Schraw and D. R. Robinson. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Schunk, D. H. 2001. “Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Regulated Learning.” In Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: Theoretical Perspectives, edited by B. J. Zimmerman and Dale H. Schunk (second edition). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. 125–151.
Simons, J., Dewitte, S., and Lens, W. 2004. “The Role of Different Types of Instrumentality in Motivation, Study Strategies, and Performance: Know Why You Learn, So You’ll Know What You Learn!” British Journal of Educational Psychology 74 (3): 343–360.
Tsui, L. 2000. “Effects of Campus Culture on Students’ Critical Thinking.” The Review of Higher Education 23 (4): 421–441.
Vardi, I. 2009. “The Relationship between Feedback and Change in Tertiary Student Writing in the Disciplines.” International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 20 (3): 350–361.
Vardi, I. 2012. “The Impact of Iterative Writing and Feedback on the Characteristics of Tertiary Students’ Written Texts.” Teaching in Higher Education 17 (2): 167–179.
Vardi, I. 2013a. Developing Students’ Critical Thinking in the Higher Education Class. Milperra, NSW: Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia.
Vardi, I. 2013b. “Effectively Feeding Forward from One Assessment Task to the Next.” Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 38 (5): 599–610.
Vrieling, E. M., Bastiaens, T. J., and Stijnen, S. 2012. “Effects of Increased Self-Regulated Learning Opportunities on Student Teachers’ Metacognitive and Motivational Development.” International Journal of Educational Research 53: 251–263.
Zimmerman, B. J. 1990. “Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: An Overview.” Educational Psychologist 25 (1): 3–17.
Zimmerman, B. J. 2000. “Attainment of Self-Regulation: A Social Cognitive Perspective.” In Handbook of Self-Regulation, edited by M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, and M. Zeidner. San Diego: Academic Press. 13–39.
Zimmerman, B. J. 2001. “Theories of Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: An Overview and Analysis.” In Self- Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: Theoretical Perspectives, edited by Barry J. Zimmerman and Dale H. Schunk (second edition). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. 1–37.
Zimmerman, B. J. 2002. “Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: An Overview.” Theory into Practice 41 (2): 64–70.
Zimmerman, B. J., and Schunk, D. H. 2001. “Reflections on Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement.” In Self- Regulated Learning and Academic Achievement: Theoretical Perspectives, edited by B. J. Zimmerman and Dale H. Schunk (second edition). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. 289–307.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2015 Martin Davies and Ronald Barnett
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vardi, I. (2015). The Relationship between Self-Regulation, Personal Epistemology, and Becoming a “Critical Thinker”: Implications for Pedagogy. In: Davies, M., Barnett, R. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137378057_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137378057_13
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-47812-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-37805-7
eBook Packages: Palgrave Education CollectionEducation (R0)