Skip to main content

Time Perspective and Cannabis Use: Why and How It Is More Complex Than We Think

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Time Perspective

Abstract

Time perspective was repeatedly evidenced as closely related to risky behaviors, and particularly to substance use. From this research, future orientation appeared as a protective factor against substance use, whereas present time orientation was established as a risk factor. This chapter reviews evidence of such a relationship, but also highlights contradictory findings. When taking into account constructs related to self-regulation or risk perception, one may note that TP relation to health behaviors and substance use is more complex than expected. On the basis of recent studies, the author then explores this complex relation, and proposes some theoretical perspectives and a research agenda for a better understanding of—and for more efficient interventions on—substance and cannabis use behaviors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams, J., & Nettle, D. (2009). Time perspective, personality and smoking, body mass, and physical activity: An empirical study. British Journal of Health Psychology, 14(1), 83–105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agnew, C. R., & Loving, T. J. (1998). Future time orientation and condom use attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 13, 755–764.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvos, L., Gregson, R. A. M., & Ross, M. W. (1993). Future time perspective in current and previous injecting drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 31(2), 193–197.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Apostolidis, T., Fieulaine, N., Simonin, L., & Rolland, G. (2006). Cannabis use, time perspective and risk perception: Evidence of a moderating effect. Psychology and Health, 21(5), 571–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apostolidis, T., Fieulaine, N., & Soulé, F. (2006). Future time perspective as predictor of cannabis use: Exploring the role of substance perception among French adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 2339–2343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bachman, J. G., Johnson, L. D., & O’malley, P. M. (1998). Explaining recent increases in students’ marijuana use: Impacts of perceived risks and disapproval, 1976 through 1996. American Journal of Public Health, 88(6), 887–892.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barber, L. K., Munz, D. C., Bagsby, P. G., & Grawitch, M. J. (2009). When does time perspective matter? Self-control as a moderator between time perspective and academic achievement. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 250–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett, E., Spruijt-Metz, D., Unger, J. B., Rohrbach, L. A., Sun, P., & Sussman, S. (2013). Bidirectional associations between future time perspective and substance use among continuation high-school students. Substance Use & Misuse, 48(8), 574–580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F., Gailliot, M., DeWall, C. N., & Oaten, M. (2006). Self-regulation and personality: How interventions increase regulatory success, and how depletion moderates the effects of traits on behavior. Journal of Personality, 74, 1773–1801.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 396–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Björgvinsson, T., & Wilde, G. J. S. (1996). Risky health and safety habits related to perceived value of the future. Safety Science, 22, 27–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boney-McCoy, S. B., Gibbons, F. X., Reis, T. J., Gerrard, M., Luus, C. A., & VonWald Suka, A. (1992). Perceptions of smoking risk as a function of smoking status. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 469–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, J. N., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2005). Time perspective, health, and risk taking. In A. Strathman & J. Joireman (Eds.), Understanding behavior in the context of time (pp. 85–107). Mahwah: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, N. T., Weinstein, N. D., Cuite, C. L., & Herrington, J. E. (2004). Risk perceptions and their relation to risk behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 27(2), 125–130.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brody, G. H., & Ge, X. (2001). Linking parenting processes and self-regulation to psychological functioning and alcohol use during early adolescence. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 82–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burger, J. M. (1992). Desire for control: Personality, social and clinical perspectives. New York: Plenum.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Burger, J. M., & Cooper, H. M. (1979). The desirability of control. Motivation and Emotion, 3, 381–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, G. B. (2001). Time preferences for the very long term. Acta Psychologica, 108(2), 95–116.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, G. B., Brewer, N. T., Coups, E. J., Brownlee, S., Leventhal, H., & Leventhal, E. A. (2001). Value for the future and preventive health behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied, 7(3), 235–250.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, G. B., & Coups, E. J. (1999). Time preferences and preventive health behavior. Medical Decision Making, 19(3), 307–314.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chavarria, J., Allan, N. P., Moltisanti, A., & Taylor, J. (2015). The effects of present hedonistic time perspective and past negative time perspective on substance use consequences. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 152, 39–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, T. J. (1968). The location of experience: A manifest time orientation. Acta Psychologica, 28, 129–149.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crockett, R. A., Weinman, J., Hankins, M., & Marteau, T. (2009). Time orientation and health-related behaviour: Measurement in general population samples. Psychology & Health, 24(3), 333–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daugherty, J. R., & Brase, G. L. (2010). Taking time to be healthy: Predicting health behaviors with delay discounting and time perspective. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(2), 202–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Ridder, D., & De Wit, J. (2006). Self-regulation of health behavior: Concepts. Theories and central issues. In D. De Ridder & J. De Wit (Eds.), Self-regulation in health behavior (pp. 1–23). Chichester: Wiley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Fieulaine, N., & Martinez, F. (2010). Time under control: Time perspective and desire for control in substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 799–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.03.022

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fieulaine, N., Martinez, F., & et al. (2011). About the fuels of self-regulation: Time perspective and desire for control in adolescents substance use.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finke, M. S. (2005). Time orientation and economics. In A. Strathman & J. Joireman (Eds.), Understanding behavior in the context of time (pp. 109–123). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, V. R. (1982). Time preference and health: An exploratory study. In V. R. Fuchs (Ed.), Economic aspects of health (pp. 93–120). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita, K., Trope, Y., Liberman, N., & Levin-Sagi, M. (2006). Construal levels and self-control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(3), 351.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gebhardt, W. A., & Brosschot, J. F. (2002). Desirability of control: Psychometric properties and relations with locus of control, personality, coping, mental and somatic complaints. European Journal of Personality, 16, 423–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griva, F., Anagnostopoulos, F., & Potamianos, G. (2013). Time perspective and perceived risk as related to mammography screening. Women & Health, 53(8), 761–776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guthrie, L. C., Butler, S. C., & Ward, M. M. (2009). Time perspective and socioeconomic status: A link to socioeconomic disparities in health? Social Science & Medicine, 68(12), 2145–2151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, P. A., & Fong, G. T. (2007). Temporal self-regulation theory: A model for individual health behavior. Health Psychology Review, 1(1), 6–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, P. A., Fong, G. T., Yong, H. H., Sansone, G., Borland, R., & Siahpush, M. (2012). Do time perspective and sensation-seeking predict quitting activity among smokers? Findings from the international tobacco control (ITC) four country survey. Addictive Behaviors, 37(12), 1307–1313.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hammersley, R., Jenkins, R., & Reid, M. (2001). Cannabis use and social identity. Addiction Research and Theory, 9, 133–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henson, J. M., Carey, K. B., Carey, M. P., & Maisto, S. A. (2006). Associations among health behaviors and time perspective in young adults: Model testing with boot-strapping replication. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(2), 127–137.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jochemczyk, Ł., Pietrzak, J., Buczkowski, R., Stolarski, M., & Markiewicz, Ł. (2017). You only live once: present-hedonistic time perspective predicts risk propensity. Personality and Individual Differences, 115, 148-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.010.

  • Joireman, J., Balliet, D., Sprott, D., Spangenberg, E., & Schultz, J. (2008). Consideration of future consequences, ego-depletion, and self-control: Support for distinguishing between CFC- immediate and CFC-future sub-scales. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 15–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kees, J. (2010). Temporal framing in health advertising: The role of risk and future orientation. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 32(1), 33–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kees, J. (2011). Advertising framing effects and consideration of future consequences. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 45(1), 7–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keough, K. A., Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Who’s smoking, drinking, and using drugs? Time perspective as a predictor of substance use. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 21(2), 149–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kilmer, J. R., Hunt, S. B., Lee, C. M., & Neighbors, C. (2007). Marijuana use, risk perception, and consequences: Is perceived risk congruent with reality? Addictive Behaviors, 32(12), 3026–3033.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klingemann, H. (2001). The time game: Temporal perspectives of patients and staff in alcohol and drug treatment. Time & Society, 10(2-3), 303–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavelle, T., Hammersley, R., & Forsyth, A. (1991). Personality as an explanation of drug use. Journal of Drug Issues, 21(3), 593–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lende, D. H., & Smith, E. O. (2002). Evolution meets biopsychosociality: An analysis of addictive behavior. Addiction, 97(4), 447–458.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lennings, C. J. (1991). The Schalling sensation seeking and impulsivity scales: Their relationship to time perspective and time awareness, a preliminary report. Psychological Reports, 69(1), 131–136.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacKillop, J., Mattson, R. E., MacKillop, E. J. A., Castelda, B. A., & Donovick, P. J. (2007). Multidimensional assessment of impulsivity in undergraduate hazardous drinkers and controls. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68(6), 785–788.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milfont, T. L., Andrade, P. R., Pessoa, V. S., & Belo, R. P. (2008). Testing zimbardo time perspective inventory in a Brazilian sample. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 42(1), 49–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orbell, S., & Hagger, M. S. (2006). Temporal framing and the decision to take part in type 2 diabetes screening: Effects of individual differences on persuasion. Health Psychology, 25, 537–548.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orbell, S., & Kyriakaki, M. (2008). Temporal framing and persuasion to adopt preventive health behavior: Moderating effects of individual differences in consideration of future consequences on sunscreen use. Health Psychology, 27, 770–779.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orbell, S., Perugini, M., & Rakow, T. (2004). Individual differences in sensitivity to health communications: Consideration of future consequences. Health Psychology, 23, 388–396.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peretti-Wattel, P. (2003). Neutralization theory and the denial of risk: Some evidence from cannabis use among French adolescents. British Journal of Sociology, 54, 21–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petry, N. M., Bickel, W. K., & Arnett, M. (1998). Shortened time horizons and insensitivity to future consequences in heroin addicts. Addiction, 93(5), 729–738.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, H. N., Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2006). Self-regulation processes and health: The importance of optimism and goal adjustment. Journal of Personality, 74, 1721–1747.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richard, R., van der Pligt, J., & de Vries, N. (1996). Anticipated affect and behavioral choice. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 18(2), 111–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbloom, T. (2003). Risk evaluation and risky behavior of high and low sensation seekers. Social Behavior and Personality, 31, 375–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, E. A. (1996). A guide to constructs of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 549–570.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smart, R. G. (1968). Future time perspectives in alcoholics and social drinkers. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 73(1), 81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sniehotta, F. F., Presseau, J., & Araújo-Soares, V. (2014). Time to retire the theory of planned behaviour. Health Psychology Review, 8, 1–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strathman, A., Gleicher, F., Boninger, D. S., & Edwards, C. S. (1994). The consideration of future consequences: Weighing immediate and distant outcomes of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(4), 742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svenson, O., & Karlsson, G. (1989). Decision-making, time horizons, and risk in the very long-term perspective. Risk Analysis, 9(3), 385–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terry-McElrath, Y. M., O’Malley, P. M., Patrick, M. E., & Miech, R. A. (2017). Risk is still relevant: Time-varying associations between perceived risk and marijuana use among US 12th grade students from 1991 to 2016. Addictive Behaviors, 74, 13–19.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 110(3), 403.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Virgili, M., Owen, N., & Severson, H. H. (1991). Adolescents’ smoking behavior and risk perceptions. Journal of Substance Abuse, 3(3), 315–324.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A., Ainette, M. G., Stoolmiller, M., Gibbons, F. X., & Shinar, O. (2008). Good self-control as a buffering agent for adolescent substance use: An investigation in early adolescence with time-varying covariates. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22(4), 459–471.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A., Pokhrel, P., Morehouse, E., & Fenster, B. (2011). Behavioral and emotional regulation and adolescent substance use problems: A test of moderation effects in a dual-process model. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(2), 279.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A., Sandy, J. M., & Yaeger, A. M. (2001). Time perspective and early-onset substance use: A model based on stress-coping theory. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 15, 118–125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A., & Stoolmiller, M. (2002). The role of self-control in early escalation of substance use. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 986–997.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wills, T. A., Walker, C., Mendoza, D., & Ainette, M. G. (2006). Behavioral and emotional self- control: Relations to substance use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20, 265–278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wininger, S. R., & DeSena, T. M. (2012). Comparison of future time perspective and self-determination theory for explaining exercise behavior. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 17(2), 109–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaleski, Z. (1994). Psychology of future orientation. Lublin: Scientifïc Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual- differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271–1288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Fieulaine, N. (2017). Time Perspective and Cannabis Use: Why and How It Is More Complex Than We Think. In: Kostić, A., Chadee, D. (eds) Time Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60191-9_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics